| 释义 |
▪ I. calk, n.1|kɔːk|
Also 6 calke, cauke, 9 caulk.
[app. ultimately f. L. calc-em (calx) heel, calcāneum heel, or calcar spur: but the history is wanting.]
1. A pointed piece of iron on a horse-shoe to prevent slipping; = calkin.
1587Turberv. Epitaphs & Sonn. (1837) 387 He sets a slender calke, And so he rides his way. 1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Rampones, caukes in a horse shooe. 1881Daily Tel. 17 Jan., Where would the poor horse be without the ‘calks’ on the hind feet?
2. A piece of iron projecting from the heel of a boot, shoe, or clog, which digs into the ice or frozen ground, and prevents slipping. U.S.
1805Naval Chron. XIII. 113, In Canada it is customary during the winter season..to wear on the feet a sort of patten, called caulks. 1874Knight Dict. Mech. s.v., The calk..attached to a boot consists of a plate with spurs, which project a little below the heel.
▪ II. † calk, n.2 Obs. rare.
Perh. calculation: cf. calk v.1; perh. = chalk.
1535Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 88 With astrologe and vther instrument, With compas, calk, and als with quadrent.
▪ III. calk
obs. and northern form of chalk.
▪ IV. † calk, v.1 Obs.
Also calke, kalk.
[app. shortened from calcule, calkil, calkle.]
1. trans. To calculate, reckon; esp. astrologically.
1401Pol. Poems (1859) II. 61 If y cowde calkyn Al manere kyndes. c1440Promp. Parv. 58 Calkyn, calculo. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xviii. i, On his boke he began to calke How the sonne entred was in Gemyne. 1559Mirr. Mag., Dk. Clarence xxvi. 3 Whose fortunes kalked made the father sad. 1646J. Geree Astrologom. 19 Woolsey calked the Kings Nativity.
2. intr. or absol.
1398[see calking 1]. 1455in Paston Lett. I. 350 Oon Doktor Grene, a preest, hath kalked and reporteth, that, etc. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 55/1 They kalked on his natyvyte. 1556J. Heywood Spider & F. xliv. 26 If one diuell with an other for lies should calke.
3. ? To appropriate, lay claim to. [Perhaps a different word = to chalk out.]
1606W. Birnie Kirk-Burial 30 By kirk-buriall the pavement [is] so partiallie parted to paticulare men, that if they cleaue to that they haue calked, the people that rests must byde at the doore.
▪ V. calk, v.2|kɔːk|
[f. calk n.1]
trans. To provide (a shoe) with a calk or calkin; to rough-shoe.
1624Scott 2nd Pt. Vox Populi 46 As many..as would suffice for sixe or eight thousand horse all calked sharpe and frost-nayled of purpose for trauaile ouer the Ice.
Hence ˈcalking vbl. n.; also attrib., as in calking-anvil, an anvil for forming horse-shoe calks; calking-tongs, for sharpening these.
1695Kennett Par. Antiq. Gloss. s.v. Calciatura, The calking or cauking of horseshoes, i.e. to turn up the two corners, that a horse may stand the faster upon ice. 1886Pall Mall G. 5 Feb. 4/1 Colonel Myles's system was the exact opposite of the much-practised ‘calking’.
▪ VI. calk, v.3|kɔːk, kælk|
Also calque.
[a. F. calque-r, in same sense, ad. It. calcare to press under:—L. calcāre to tread. (Cf. cauk.) Often supposed to be identical, etymologically, with chalk, with which it has nothing to do.]
trans. To copy (a design) by rubbing the back with colouring matter, and drawing a blunt point along the outlines so as to trace them in the colour on a surface placed beneath. Hence ˈcalking vbl. n.
1662Evelyn Chalcogr. (1769) 52 Two plates exactly counter-calked. 1859Gullick & Timbs Paint. 147 Transferred by tracing, or, as it is also called, calking.
▪ VII. calk
var. of caulk; obs. f. cauk v. to tread. |