| 释义 |
selective, a.|sɪˈlɛktɪv|
[f. select v. + -ive. Cf. F. sélectif.]
1. a. Having the quality or faculty of selecting; characterized by choice or selection.
1625Bp. Hall Contempl. xviii. Elijah with Sareptan Wks. 1332 Who can enough wonder at the pitch of this selectiue prouidence of the Almighty? 1853Whewell Grotius I. p. iv, The translation is thus rather a selective than an abridged translation. 1875Ruskin Lect. Art iii. 72 The selective and ordinant energy of the brain.
b. Applied to physical processes or agencies which result in the selection of some elements or factors and the exclusion of others.
1843Carpenter Anim. Phys. i. 39 The selective absorption of nutritious matter. 1889A. R. Wallace Darwinism vii. 171 The isolation of varieties by selective association.
c. Wireless Telegraphy. ‘Designating a system by which two or more messages can be sent or received simultaneously without interference’ (Webster 1911).
1906Eichhorn Wireless Telegr. v. 23 A system of selective electric wave telegraphy, i.e. wireless multiplex telegraphy. 1906Kennelly Wireless Telegr. 173 The Problem of Selective Signaling.
d. Psychol. Applied to the capacity for, or process of, selection manifested by the mind or senses in reacting to certain stimuli and not to others, esp. selective attention.
1875W. James in R. B. Perry Thought & Char. W. James (1935) I. 528 The whole mass of impressions falling on any individual are chaotic, and become orderly only by selective attention and recognition. 1935G. Murphy Briefer Gen. Psychol. xii. 210 From the point of view..of what takes the most prominent place in consciousness, there is a further selective function to be considered. 1958D. E. Broadbent Perception & Communication ii. 15 The performance of selective listeners seems to vary with information as defined by communication theory, rather than with amount of stimulation in the conventional sense. 1968Trabasso & Bower Attention in Learning i. 18 Our primary goal is to offer new theory and new results regarding selective attention in discrimination learning. 1978G. Underwood Strategies of Inform. Processing vii. 237 The selective rehearsal of some members of the memory set in preference to others.., the selective ‘forgetting’ of some items previously encoded.
e. Educ. (See quot. 1960–1.) Also applied to any school within the selective (as opposed to the comprehensive) system. Cf. comprehensive a. 1 d.
1926Educ. of Adolescent (Board of Educ. Consult. Comm.) iii. 79 As post-primary education develops, the schools dealing with the post-primary or secondary stage of education should include..schools of the type of the existing selective Central Schools, which give at least a four years' course from the age of 11+. 1955O. Banks Parity & Prestige in Eng. Secondary Educ. viii. 97 Both the selective central school and the junior technical school originated in the period before the first world war. 1960–1Where? Winter 17/1 Selective school, a school for which pupils have been selected (usually at 11 plus) on the grounds that they can benefit from a more academic education. 1974Times 17 Apr. 1/5 Over half of our secondary school pupils are still in selective schools. 1978Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXVI. 335/1 The decision to change our schooling from a selective to a comprehensive system.
f. Philos. Applied to a doctrine of realism put forward in the early 20th century which maintained that sense-data exist in material objects and that the senses of the perceiver select those which are appropriate to be registered.
1932H. H. Price Perception ii. 40 Now let us turn to the selective interpretation. According to this, the somatic data..merely..enable us to be conscious of environmental data. 1944W. T. Stace in P. A. Schilpp Philos. B. Russell 365 The view of selective realism is quite different... The sense-qualities actually exist in the object, whether it is perceived or unperceived, just as common sense supposes. What the sense-organ does is to select which of the sense-qualities we shall perceive. 1967Encycl. Philos. VII. 78/2 Their..attempt..to deal with illusions..is a version of what is often called the selective theory.
2. Special collocations: selective breeding; selective employment tax (also with capital initials), a tax levied by the British Government between 3 May 1966 and 1 Apr. 1973, payable on all employees at varying rates and refunded to employers in selected branches of manufacturing industry; cf. T. s.v. S 4 a; selective service (U.S.), a system of military service (from 1917 to 1973) under which draftees were selected from those persons required to enrol; selective strike, a form of industrial action in which union labour is not totally withdrawn but withheld in chosen sectors; selective weedkiller, a substance which kills some plant species without harming others.
1931J. S. Huxley What dare I Think? i. 40 Selective breeding I have just touched upon. 1971F. Hamilton World Encycl. Dogs 354 Selective breeding down through the last 150 years has produced the Foxhound of today.
1966Times 4 May 1/1 A selective employment tax payable by employers only is to be introduced by the Government from September 5 to divert manpower from the service industry into manufacturing. 1973Guardian 13 Apr. 13/5 Selective Employment Tax ended on 1 April 1973. As an employer, you may be eligible for a refund of S.E.T. 1978Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXVI. 405/1 The next phase was the indictment of the so-called ‘candyfloss industries’ and their punishment through the Selective Employment Tax.
1917New Republic 9 June 148/2 The New Republic advocated the principle of selective service for this emergency. 1920E. H. Crowder Spirit of Selective Service v. 119 There were to be two phases to Selective Service, the one, enrollment, the other selection. 1969G. L. Wamsley Selective Service & Changing Amer. i. 1 A step can be taken toward understanding why Selective Service has come under attack after years of anonymity. 1976N. Thornburg Cutter & Bone vii. 157 Nor did he meekly submit to his Selective Service draft notice.
1959Wall St. Jrnl. 29 Dec. 2/2 Selective strikes would be expedient to the union, since they would concentrate pressure on individual companies. 1979Arizona Daily Star 1 Apr. a1/5 The powerful Teamsters union early today called ‘selective strikes’ against a portion of the trucking industry.
1928H. Martin Sci. Princ. Plant Protection ix. 170 The peculiar virtues of the metallic sulphates as selective weedkillers. 1965Listener 22 July 142/1 Historically, selective weedkillers have been used since 1895 when solutions of copper sulphate were used to destroy charlock in cereal crops. 1976Field 18 Nov. 1040/2 Base fertilizer for lawns should be applied in March or early April..and the selective weedkiller a week or two later.
▸ selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor n. Pharmacol. any of a class of psychoactive drugs that act by inhibiting the reuptake into presynaptic nerve cells of the neurotransmitter serotonin, and are used chiefly in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders; abbreviated SSRI.
1978Life Sci. 22 1827 The *selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Org 6582, inhibits heterosexual copulatory behavior in castrated testosterone-treated male rats. 1993Harper's Mag. May 54 In 1978 Pfizer scientists first synthesized sertraline hydrochloride, a ‘selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor’, which increases activity in brain synapses. 2004New Statesman 6 Sept. 11/2 The new-generation drugs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or SSRIs. (Serotonin is the brain chemical associated with happiness.) |