| 释义 |
carbohydrate Chem.|ˌkɑːbəʊˈhaɪdreɪt|
Also carbo-hydrate.
[f. carbo- + hydrate, q.v.]
An organic compound of carbon with oxygen and hydrogen in the proportion to form water. They are divided into sugars proper (C12H22O11), grape-sugars or glucoses (C6H12O6), and amyloses, comprising starch and woody fibre (C6H10O5). Also attrib. and Comb.
1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. 393. 1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 531 Carbo-hydrates and fats serve chiefly to the production of heat, and of vital force. 1882Vines Sachs' Bot. 668 Cell-walls and starch-grains..consist mainly of carbo-hydrates insoluble in water. 1886Jrnl. Franklin Inst. CXXII. 274 (title) Carbohydrate and fatty foods. Ibid. 285 The glycogen of the liver greatly diminishes in amount in the absence of carbohydrate food stuffs. 1888Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LIV. 972 Acid in Healthy and Disordered Stomachs during a Carbo-hydrate Diet. 1900Westm. Gaz. 21 Dec. 3/2 Concerning malt liquors, we are told that the large quantity of carbohydrate matter in them [etc.]. 1908Carnegie Trust Rep. 22 The carbohydrate material and ferments of blood. 1910Practitioner Jan. 129, I want to insist that pyorrhoea alveolaris is a local disease due to germ, or carbohydrate-germ. 1964M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 8) i. 7 Carbohydrate-fermenting bacteria may produce enough acid in culture to kill themselves.
▸ carbohydrate loading n. orig. U.S. the provision or consumption of a dose or meal of carbohydrates; spec. the consumption of a carbohydrate-rich diet, esp. by participants in endurance sports a few days before an event, in order to increase muscle glycogen stores; cf. carbo-loading n.
1963Lancet 19 Jan. 147/2 A combination of strenuous exercise, hypoxia, and *carbohydrate loading. 1975News Jrnl. (Mansfield, Ohio) 13 Apr. 8 b/3 Nearly all entrants [to the Boston Marathon] follow the carbohydrate loading regimen. 1999Health & Fitness Oct. 30/2 (advt.) For isotonic fluid replacement, recovery, endurance and carbohydrate loading. 2003Clin. Nutrition 22 7 Pre-operative carbohydrate loading reduces post-operative insulin resistance and its consequences. |