| 释义 |
▪ I. carp, n.1|kɑːp|
Also 5–7 carpe. Pl. carp, formerly carps.
[a. OF. carpe (Sp. carpa):—late L. carpa (Brachet cites Cassiodorus a 575 ‘destinet carpam Danubius’). The same name (modified in termination, etc.) appears in Romanic, Celtic, Teutonic, and Slavonic: cf. esp. OHG. charpho, MLG. karpe masc. pointing to a possible WGer. *karpo. But the original source is unknown.]
1. A freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio, the type of the family Cyprinidæ; introduced into England as early as the 14th c., and commonly bred in ponds.
c1440Promp. Parv. 62 Carpe, fysche, carpus. 1462Mann. & Househ. Exp. 561 My master putte into the said ponde, in gret carpes, xxj. 1584R. Scot Disc. Witchcr. xiii. x. 248 A bone taken out of a carps head, stancheth bloud. 1653Walton Angler i. ix, The Carp is the Queen of Rivers: a stately, a good, and a very subtle fish. 1718Lady M. W. Montague Lett. liv. II. 80 In the fish ponds are kept tame Carp, said to be, some of them, eighty years of age. 1770White Selborne xl. 103 In this water are many carps. 1854Badham Halieut. 257 That singular fleshy palate which is popularly but incorrectly known all over the world as carp's tongue. 1867F. Francis Angling iii. (1880) 84 In rivers carp bite more boldly than in ponds.
2. Applied to other species of the genus Cyprinus, or family Cyprinidæ, to which belong the Gold and Silver Fish, the Prussian or Crucian Carp (C. gibelio), the Norwegian Carp (Scarpæna norvegica), and others.
1786White Selborne xcviii, Gold and silver fishes..Linnæus ranks..under the genus of cyprinus or carp. 1847Carpenter Zool. §567 The Cyprinidæ or Carp tribe. 1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. (ed. 4) 107 Collection of Stuffed..Carp, Crucian Carp, Gold Carp.
3. Comb. carp-louse, a name for small crustaceans of the family Argulidæ, parasitic on fishes; cf. fish-louse.
1678–1706Phillips, Carp-stone, a triangular stone found in the chop of a carp, white without and yellow within. 1889in Cent. Dict. 1909J. J. Lister in A. Sedgwick Textbk. Zool. III. 410 Carp-lice. Copepods with large compound eyes. 1931J. R. Norman Hist. Fishes xx. 417 Mention may also be made of the so-called Carp Louse (Argulus), another Crustacean parasite.
▪ II. carp, n.2
[f. carp v.1]
†a. Discourse. Obs. rare.
†b. Power of speech. Obs. rare.
c. Carping speech, cavil (with play on carp n.1).
c1325E.E. Allit. P. A. 882 In sounande notez a gentyl carpe. Ibid. B. 23 Kryst kydde hit hymself in a carp onez. Ibid. B. 1327 Þat he ful clanly bi-cuv-er his carp bi þe laste. 1618G. Mynshul Ess. Prison 1st Ep. Ded. i, Carpes haue bin good cheap this Lent, for I haue had more than I desired for nothing. 1904Westm. Gaz. 9 May 4/1 Criticism—what a lady I know calls ‘the carpers carping with their carps’. 1922F. Scott Fitzgerald Let. Jan. (1964) 331 But one more carp before I close. 1967Observer 24 Oct. 25/2, I have one carp, however. His own performance..tends to become confusing.
¶ Associated with cark.
1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Mark viii. 57 a, Their vayne and superfluous carpe and care.
▪ III. carp, v.1|kɑːp|
Also 4 karp, 5 karpe, 4–7 carpe.
[Senses 1–3, chiefly in northern poetry (especially in alliterative verse), were probably a. ON. karpa to brag; but the later prose senses 4–6 appear to be derived from, or influenced by, L. carpĕre to pluck, fig. to slander, calumniate. The ulterior history of the ON. word is uncertain.]
†1. intr. To speak, talk. Obs.
a1240Wohunge in Cott. Hom. 287 Carpe toward ihesu and seie þise wordes. a1300Cursor M. App. Resurrect. 388 Als þai come narre þe castelle, to-geder carpand. c1400Destr. Troy 829 The Kyng þan full curtesly karpes agayne. 1420Siege Rouen 1235 in Archæol. XXII. 381 Vnnethe thay myȝt brethe or carpe. 1470Harding Chron. Proem. x, Leonell..that wedded..The erles daughter of Vister, as man do Karpe. 1570Levins Manip. 33/3 To carpe, talke, colloqui, confabulari. 1575Turberv. Bk. Falconrie Epil. Aa iij, To carpe it fine with those that haue no guile.
†b. To discourse of, in speech or writing. Obs.
1350Will. Palerne 216 Þe kowherdes bestes i carped of bi-fore. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xxii. 199 Thus conscience of crist and of þe croys carpede. c1425Wyntoun Cron. iii. Prol. 26 (Jam.) Of thame..Carpe we bot lityl. a1605Montgomerie Flyting 575 Of his conditions to carp for a while.
†2. trans. To speak, utter, say, tell. Obs.
1350Will. Palerne 503 To karp þe soþe. 1393Gower Conf. III. 325 To carpe Proverbes and demaundes sligh. c1400Destr. Troy 4610 When Calcas his counsell had carpit to the end. 1515Sc. Field 73 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 216 Our Knight full [of] courage carpeth these words.
†3. intr. To sing or recite (as a minstrel); to sing (as a bird). Obs.
c1425Thomas of Erceld. 313 ‘To harpe or carpe, whare⁓so þou gose, Thomas, þou sall hafe þe chose sothely’: And he saide ‘harpynge kepe I none, For tonge es chefe of mynstralsye’. 1515Barclay Egloges iv. (1570) C iv/2 In goodly ditie or balade for to carpe. a1528Skelton Agst. comely Coyst. 13 In his gamut carp he can. c1570Thynne Pride & Lowl. (1841) 8 Many was the bird did sweetly carpe Among the thornes. 1802Lochmaben Harper vii. in Scott Minstr. Scott. Bord. (1869) 94 Then aye he harped, and aye he carped Till a' the lordlings footed the floor.
†4. Vituperatively: To talk much, to prate, chatter. Cf. carper. Obs.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. x. 69 Clerkes..carpen of god faste, and haue [him] moche in þe mouthe. a1528Skelton Col. Cloute 549 Some..Clatter & carpe Of that heresy. 1530Palsgr. 476/1, I carpe (Lydgate), Je carquette..This is a farre northen verbe. 1557Praise Maistr. Ryce in Tottel's Misc. (Arb.) 202 Came Curiousness and carped out of frame.
5. spec. To talk querulously, censoriously, or captiously; to find fault, cavil. (The current sense.)
(Certain examples of this before the 16th c. are wanting: the early ones may have merely the sense of 1 with contextual colouring. Cf. carper.)
[1377Langl. P. Pl. B. x. 286 Abasshed To blame yow or to greve, And carpen noght as they carpe now, Ne calle yow dumbe houndes. 1401Pol. Poems (1859) II. 77 Thou carpist also of oure coveitise, and sparist the sothe. 1515Barclay Egloges i. (1570) A j, Some in Satyres against vices dare carpe.] 1548Soul John-Nobody in Strype Cranmer (1694) App. 139 They will currishly carp. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. i. xiii. (1634) 49 Servetto carpeth, that God did beare the person of an Angell. 1655Digges Compl. Ambass. 377 The King..carpeth upon the marriage. a1677Barrow Serm. Malice of Soc., In carping and harshly censuring..their neighbours. 1785Burns 2nd Ep. Lapraik, Ne'er grudge an' carp, Tho' fortune use you hard an' sharp. 1863Mrs. C. Clarke Shaks. Char. xv. 386 The bulk of society did not assemble to carp and to cavil.
b. Const. at.
1586Thynne Contn. Holinshed Pref., Curiouslie carping at my barrennes in writing. 1794Burke Corr. IV. 235 That faction and malice may not be able to carp at it. 1879M. Arnold Falkland Mixed Ess. 207 We will not carp at this great writer.
†6. trans. To find fault with, reprehend, take exception to. Obs.
1550Cranmer Sacrament 100 a, Whiche my saiyng diuers ignorant persones..did carpe and reprehende. 1582N. T. (Rhem.) Luke vii. marg., The Pharisees did alwaies carpe Christ. 1598R. Grenewey Tacitus Ann. v. ii. (1622) 117 Couertly carping the Consull Fufius. 1605Camden Rem. (1637) 230 Carping whatsoever hath been done or said heretofore. 1678R. Barclay Apol. Quakers iii. §vii. 87 Our Adversaries shall have nothing from thence to carp.
†7. intr. (?) To censure; to judge, discriminate.
1591Troub. Raigne K. John (1611) 21 Any one that knoweth how to carpe, Will scarcely iudge us both one countrey borne.
†8. (?) To contend, fight. Obs. rare.
1535Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 606 With brandis bricht that scherand wer and scharp So cruellie togidder did tha carp.
¶ Associated with cark, q.v.
c1465Chevy Chace ii. 135 Tivydale may carpe off care. 1522World & Child in Hazl. Dodsley I. 267 Ever he is carping of care. 1670G. H. Hist. Cardinals i. ii. 49 Poor drudgeing..Priests that carp and moyl all day long. 1702Eng. Theophrast. 312 Carping for the unprofitable goods of this world.
▪ IV. carp, v.2
[? ad. L. carpĕre to pluck, card.]
(See quot.) Hence carper, carping vbl. n.
1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 202 The business to which children are first put in this business is carping; that is, preparing thistle-teasels for the workman, who fits them into the rods and handles for dressing the cloth. The little carpers sit at this easy work. |