| 释义 |
▪ I. carpenter, n.|ˈkɑːpəntə(r)|
Forms: 3 carpenter, (4 carpunter, 5 -pentour, -pynter, 6 -pintor, (Sc.) charpenteir).
[a. AngloFr. carpenter, ONF. carpentier (F. charpentier = Pr. carpentier, Sp. carpentero, It. carpentiero):—late L. carpentāri-us originally ‘carriage-maker’, f. carpent-um two-wheeled chariot, wagon.
L. carpent-um was app. a. OCelt. *carpentom, whence OIr. carpat, mod.Ir. & Gael. carbad carriage, chariot, litter, bier; prob. related to OCelt. *carr-om: see car. Isidore xix. xix. 1 says ‘Lignarius generaliter ligni opifex appellatur. Carpentarius speciale nomen est. Carpentum enim solum facit.’]
1. ‘An artificer in wood’ (J.); as distinguished from a joiner, cabinet-maker, etc., one who does the heavier and stronger work in wood, as the framework of houses, ships, etc.
c1325Coer de L. 5934 My fadyr n'as mason, ne carpentere. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 367 Of Dedalus þe carpunter. a1400Leg. Rood (1871) 30 Þat holi tre was fairest þo..þe carpenters it let[e] adoun. c1400Destr. Troy 1597 Carpentours, cotelers, coucheours fyn. 1495Act 11 Hen. VII, xxii. §1 A maister Ship Carpenter..havyng men undre hym. 1548Compl. Scot. 10 Ane merchant, ane cordinar, charpenteir. 1564W. Bullein Dialogue (1886) 8 Suche Carpenter, suche chips. 1567Drant Horace Ep. xiv, The carpintor dothe grudge. 1611Bible Mark vi. 3 Is not this the carpenter, the sonne of Mary? 1665–9Boyle Occas. Refl. (1675) 376 Like the Carpenters that toyl'd to build the Ark to save Noah from the Deluge, themselves perisht in. 1835Miss Mitford in L'Estrange Life III. iii. 31 Captain Gore is..a capital working carpenter. 1851Ruskin Stones Ven. (1874) I. App. 381 The trade which of all manual trades has been most honoured; be for once a carpenter.
2. fig. cf. ‘builder, constructor.’
1393Langl. P. Pl. B. x. 410 Carpenters vnder criste holy kirke to make. 15972nd Pt. Return fr. Pernass. iv. ii. 1722 The chiefe Carpenter of Sonets.
3. Naut. ‘An officer appointed to examine and keep in order the hull of a wooden ship, and all her appurtenances’ (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.). Hence carpenter's crew, carpenter's mate, carpenter's yeoman, etc.
1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. viii. 35 The Carpenter and his Mate. 1708Royal Procl. 20 May in Lond. Gaz. No. 4440/1 Trumpeters, Quarter-Gunners, Carpenters Crews. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., The carpenter has a mate under him, and a crew or gang to command on necessary occasions. 1833Marryat P. Simple xvii, The captain..sent for Mr. Muddle, the Carpenter.
4. Short for carpenter-ant, carpenter-bee, etc.
1883Knowledge 13 July 20/1 [One species of tree-ants] bore into the trunk of the tree itself, by reason of which..they are designated Carpenters.
5. attrib. and Comb., as carpenter-fashion, carpenter-shop, carpenter-theory. In possessive case, frequently designating varieties of tools and instruments specially used by carpenters, as carpenter's axe, carpenter's chisel, carpenter's clamp, carpenter's gauge, carpente'sr level, carpenter's plane, carpenter's square, etc. carpenter-ant (see 4); carpenter-bee, a genus of solitary bees, Xylocopa, the females of which excavate cells in decaying wood in which to deposit their eggs; † carpenter-grass, common Yarrow, Achillea millefolium; carpenter's herb, common Self-heal, Prunella vulgaris; erroneously, bugle and yarrow; carpenter's measure, tonnage as measured by the cubic foot; carpenter's or carpenter-scene (Theatr.), (a) a scene introduced on the front of the stage to give the stage-carpenters time to arrange complicated scenery behind for the next act; (b) the painted scene which forms the background of this, and shuts off the part of the stage behind, where the stage-carpenters are at work; carpenter-work, carpentry; also fig.
1844Penny Cycl. XXIII. 635/1 The wings of the..*carpenter-bees are most frequently black, with a fine purple or violet gloss.
1857Sears Athan. xii. (1858) 102 The idea of the universe as a building which..God put up *carpenter-fashion.
1526Gt. Herball (Britten & H.) In some places is called *Carpenter-grasse, it is good to reioyne, and soudre woundes.
1578Lyte Dodoens i. xc. 133 Brunella, in English Prunell, *Carpenters herbe, Selfe heale & Hooke heale. 1611Cotgr., Herbe au charpentier..Carpenters-hearbe, Sickle-worte, Hooke-heale, Selfe-heale. 1737Ozell Rabelais (1807) II. 119 He should go search for some millefoil, commonly called the carpenter's herb. 1861Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. IV. 176.
1768Phil. Trans. LVIII. 312 Secured in a tube from the wind, in the manner of *carpenters levels.
1756in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 147 A bounty of ten shillings a ton..of *Carpenter's measure.
1860Cornhill Mag. Dec. 750 (Hoppe) The dialogue of a front-scene (known technically as a *carpenter's scene) when your play requires a complicated view to be arranged behind it. 1864Athenæum No. 1928, 506/2 Carpenter-scenes. 1874Graphic 31 Jan. 111/2 A Carpenter's Scene is generally a flat in the first grooves consisting of some murky picture or other.
1882Freeman in Longm. Mag. I. 88 ‘Barber-shop’, ‘*carpenter-shop’.
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. ix. §13 A Joyners Rule..and a *Carpenters Square.
1862H. Spencer First Princ. i. v. §33 (1875) 120 He declines to accept the *carpenter theory of creation as the most worthy.
1553Udall Respublica (1952) v. vi, I woulde ere long of yowe [haue] made suche *carpenter weorke, That ye shoulde haue saide Policie had been a clerke. 1720in Jrnl. Derbysh. Archæol. Soc. (1905) XXVII. 216 Carpenter work 1 6 0. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm I. 168 They embrace the particulars of mason-work, carpenter-work, slater-work,..smith-work. 1909Daily Chron. 2 June 5/2 The play is at best a piece of very crude carpenter-work.
▪ II. ˈcarpenter, v.
[f. prec.]
intr. To do carpenter's work. trans. To make by carpentry; to do carpenter's work; to put together mechanically. Also fig.
c1815Jane Austen Persuasion (1833) I. xi. 301 He drew, he varnished, he carpentered. 1844[see carpentered ppl. a.]. 1861Sat. Rev. 7 Dec. 582 The man who ploughs or carpenters sees a satisfactory fruit of his labours. 1885A. Brereton Dram. Notes 50 Mr. Paul Meritt and Mr. Henry Pettitt..know how to carpenter a play for the stage. 1908Daily Chron. 23 Oct. 6/1 The acting may be bad, the play cribbed and carpentered, but if people are genuinely moved the essence is there. 1909G. S. Porter Girl of Limberlost xi. 212 When I think of how you are carpentered, I'm adoring the result.
Hence ˈcarpentered ppl. a., ˈcarpentering vbl. n. (also attrib.).
1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. i. iv. iii. (D.) The Salle des Menus is all new carpentered. 1838Dickens O. Twist liii, Here he took to gardening, planting, fishing, carpentering. 1840Thackeray Catherine vii, He succeeded to..the carpentering business. 1844W. G. Wills in Pall Mall G. 28 July 4/1 A playwright may take a month..and only produce a carpentered thing at last. 1884Black Jud. Shaks. xxviii, She even tried her hand at carpentering. |