| 释义 |
▪ I. shamble, n.1|ˈʃæmb(ə)l|
Forms: α. 1 scomul, -el, scoemel, sceamel, -ol, -ul, scæmol, scamul, -ol, 1–2 scamel, 2 scæmel, 3 scheomel, schamel, 4 schamil, shamyll, 4–5 shamel, 5 schamel, -ylle, sh(e)amle, schamylle, shaumelle, 5–6 shamell, 6 (9 dial.) shammel, shamil, shamwelle, shammoulle. β. 5 sheamble, 5–6 schambylle, 6 pl. sh-, chambulles, shambylles, 7 shambel, 6– shamble.
[OE. sc(e)amel masc., = OS. (fôt) skamel (MLG. schemel, MDu. schamel, schemel, mod.Fris. skammel), OHG. (fuoȥ) scamel, -il (MHG. schamel, schemel, mod.G. schemel); a Com. WGer. adoption of L. scamellum dim. of scamnum bench. From LG. is prob. ON. skemill (Da. skammel), whence scamble n.]
†1. A stool, footstool. Chiefly in fig. context.
c825Vesp. Ps. cix. 1 Oð ðæt ic sette feond ðine scomul [scabellum] fota ðinra. a1225Ancr. R. 166 Vor þi alle þe halewen makeden of al þe worlde ase ane stol [MS. Cleopatra scheomel; MS. Titus schamel] to hore uet, uorto arechen þe heouene. a1340Hampole Psalter xcviii. 5 Heghis þe lord oure god, and loutis þe shamyll of his fete: for it is haly. 1483Cath. Angl. 333/1 A Schamylle (MS. Addit. Schambylle), vbi A stule (MS. Addit. Macellum).
2.
†a. In OE., a table or counter for exposing goods for sale, counting money, etc. Obs.
971Blickl. Hom. 71 He þa ineode on þæt haliᵹe Salemannes templ, & þa ut awearp þa sceomolas þara cypemanna. 1289in Wood's MS. C. i. lf. 36 Shopa cum sponda quae dicitur schamel [in the Bucherow].
b. spec. A table or stall for the sale of meat.
αc1305Of Men Lif, etc. xv, in E.E.P. (1862) 155 Hail be ȝe potters [? bochers] wiþ ȝur bole ax..ȝe stondiþ at þe schamil [printed sthamil in Rel. Ant. II. 176], brod ferlich bernes. 1548in E. Green Somerset Chantries (1888) 191 [John Spiringe and Peter Leighe hold a] shamell [there, and render per ann. xxiiij s.]. Ibid. 201 [John Kape holds a meat] shamell [in Fore strete].
β1577V. Leigh Surv. D iij b, And in like maner of profites of Bothes, standinges, shambles and tolles or other profits of a wekely market..kept within. 1844W. Barnes Poems Rural Life 346 Shambles, Butchers' benches or stalls. 1850S. Dobell Roman i. 11 The form that served The world for signs of beauty, parcell'd out A carcase on the shambles. 1886W. Somerset Word-bk., Shambles, portable covered stalls, set up in a market-place for the sale of meat. Not applied to the market itself. Precisely the same erection for the sale of any other article would be a ‘standing’.
fig.1830J. Milne Widow & Son ii. (1851) 155, I mean to give a short preamble Because it tallies with the common run Of tales laid on the literary shamble.
3. a. pl. A place where meat (or occas. fish) is sold, a flesh- or meat-market. ? Now local.
a1410–[see flesh-shambles]. 1484Nottingham Rec. III. 229 The twychell betwix Þe Shaumelles and þe Draperie. a1490Botoner Itin. (1778) 170 In vico de Worshyp-strete alias shamellys sive bocherye. Ibid., In vico vocato le shamelys. 1554Roll of Totnes Guild Merchants, Received ffor the fishe shamells at the hands of James Pelliton, beeyng lett unto hym at ferme, liijs viijd. 1574in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 424 To send ther fleash..to the fleash shammoulles ther to be sold.
β1477in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 312 If ony man..sill fleshe within the citie..till it come to the Kyngs sheambles. 1556Chron. Grey Friars (Camden) 55 Sent Martyns at the chambulles end, sent Nicolas in the chambulles, and sent Ewyns. Ibid. 58 The viij. day of March [1549] a bucher of sent Nicolas shambulles was put on the pyllery. Ibid. 77 Item the xvij. day of May [1553] the market in Newgate market was removyd unto..the shambylles where sent Nicolas church sometyme was. 1565Cooper Thesaurus, Carnarium, a lardar: the shambles: flesh meate. c1570W. Wager The longer thou livest 251 (Brandl), In S. Nicholas shambles, ther is inough. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 10 They haue Shambles of men and womens flesh, ioynted and cut in seuerall Morsels. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxxiv. 137 This City hath an hundred and three score Butchers shambles, and in each of them an hundred stalls. 1688Holme Armoury iii. 292/2 At the Shambles, where they [sc. Butchers] sell their meat. 1699W. Dampier Voy. II. i. 31 Dogs and Cats are killed purposely for the Shambles. 1725Watts Logic (1736) 319 Raw Meat is bought in the Shambles. 1835Munic. Corp. Rep. iv. 2627 (Chester), The Shambles are let weekly upon the market day, in standings.
b. Construed as a singular; also in sing. form.
1570Levins Manip. 18/31 Y⊇ shamble, macellum. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 87 There is the Pallace of a Gentleman, who proving a Traytor, the State..turned the same into a shambles, and some upper chambers to places of judgement. The fish market lies by this shambles. 1623Fletcher Rule a Wife iii. i, I stink like a stal-fish shambles. 1636R. Brathwait Rom. Emp. 64 He was called of many Macellinus, of the Latine word Macellum a shambles, or butchery.
c. transf. and fig.
1608[see flesh-shambles b]. 1610Donne Pseudo-martyr Pref. C 2, As..he would make in this Kingdome a spirituall shambles of your soules, by corrupt doctrines: so..he labours to make a Temporall shambles and market of your bodies, by selling you for nothing, and thrusting you vpon the Ciuill sword. 1843Whittier Massach. to Virginia 50 Watching round the shambles where human flesh is sold.
4. a. pl. The place where animals are killed for meat; a slaughter-house.
1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. John x. 1–5 They bee called to their foode, and not to the fleshe shambles to be killed. 1605B. Jonson Volpone i. i, I..fat no beasts, To feede the shambles. 1726Swift It cannot rain but it pours, A Flock of Sheep, that were driving to the Shambles. 1841Dickens Barn. Rudge lxxi, He was felled like an ox in the butcher's shambles. a1873Lytton Pausanias i. ii. (1876) 65 Savage though the custom, it smells not so foully of the shambles.
b. Construed as a singular; also in sing. form.
1696Bp. Patrick Comm. Exod. xxx. (1697) 598 The vast number of Beasts that were slain..at the Sanctuary..would have made it smell like a Shambles. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xv, Like the disgusting refuse of a shambles. 1885M. Bridges Pop. Mod. Hist. 433 Nobles, priests and women were slaughtered like sheep in a shamble.
5. transf. and fig.
a. A place of carnage or wholesale slaughter; a scene of blood. Chiefly pl. const. as sing.; rarely in sing. form.
1593Nashe Christ's T. 12 b, The Infidell-Romaines..shall inuade thee, and make thy Citty..a shambles of dead bodies. 1607Chapman Bussy d'Ambois v. iv. 34 If I scape Monsieur's 'pothecary shops, Foutre for Guise's shambles! 1638Drummond of Hawthornden Irene Wks. (1711) 170 The Bodies of Common-wealths are already turned into Skeletons, the Cities into Sepulchres, the Fields into Schambles. 1641J. Jackson True Evang. T. i. 48 That it may appeare indeed, what bloud-hounds the Papists are, what a Shambles their Church is, consult a grand Witnesse of their own. a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Poems (1711) 33/2 Earth turns an hideous Shamble, a Lake of Blood. 1741Watts Improv. Mind xviii. Wks. (1813) 139 When a person or his opinion is made the jest of the mob or his back the shambles of the executioner. 1794Coleridge Robespierre i. i. 79 I've fear'd him, since his iron heart endured To make of Lyons one vast human shambles. 1868Farrar Seekers i. iii. 51 A brutal..barbarity..often turned a house into the shambles of an executioner. 1901‘Linesman’ Words by Eyewitness ix. (1902) 177 What a shambles the deep valley between Inkweloane and Spitz Kop would have been!
b. pl. In more general use, a scene of disorder or devastation; a ruin; a mess. orig. U.S.
1926P. H. de Kruif Microbe Hunters iii. iv. 83 Once more his laboratory became a shambles of cluttered flasks and hurrying assistants. 1942E. Waugh Put out More Flags ii. 150 Alastair learned, too, that all schemes ended in a ‘shambles’ which did not mean, as he feared, a slaughter, but a brief restoration of individual freedom of movement. 1966M. R. D. Foot SOE in France viii. 184 Helped the commandos to make a thorough shambles of the main dockyard. 1979Daily Tel. 5 Sept. 6/6 Haiti remains a dictatorship, its economy in a shambles.
6. Mining. See quot. 1819. Also shammel n.
1671Phil. Trans. VI. 2102 A Tin-shaft..which we sink down about a fathom, and then leave a little long square place, termed a Shamble, and so continue sinking from cast to cast. 1819T. Mortimer's Commerc. Dict., Shambles, among miners, a sort of niches or landing-places, left at such distances in the adits of mines, that the shovel-men may conveniently throw up the ore from shamble to shamble, till it comes to the top of the mine. 1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Shambles, shelves or benches, from one to the other of which successively ore is thrown in raising it to the level above, or to the surface.
7. dial. pl. ‘The frame of wood that hangs over a shaft-horse in a cart’ (Halliwell 1847).
[1596: see shamble-stave in 9] .1677Plot Oxfordsh. 257 Having also a head of boards, and shambles over the thills. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss. II. 219.
8. ? A shoal. Perh. only pl. the name of a shoal off Portland Bill (hence Cook's use in quot. 1769).
1769Cook Jrnl. 1st Voy. (1771) 70 About three miles N.E. from Portland [in the Pacific] are several shoals, which we called the Shambles. 1774J. Hutchins Dorset I. 587 The Shambles, called by Hollingshed the Shingles, is a bank of sand, lying about four miles E. by S. from the Bill [Portland]. 1800C. Sturt in Naval Chron. (1801) IV. 394 Carrying me dead upon the Shambles [off Portland], where the sea was running tremendously high.
9. attrib. and Comb., as shamble door, shamble-fly, shamble-house, shamble-oozing, shamble warden, also shambles-blood, shambles keeping; shamble-seeking, shamble-smelling adjs.; † shamble-hook, a hook for hanging meat upon; shamble(s)-meat, butcher's meat; shamble-stave, one of the bars forming ‘shambles’ (sense 7).
1803A. Hunter Georg. Ess. I. 325 A compost made of *shambles-blood and saw-dust.
1889Rider Haggard Cleopatra ii. vii, No lamb skipping at the *shamble doors can be more innocent of its doom than is Queen Cleopatra.
16..Middleton, etc. Old Law iii. ii, Those *Shamble flies Which Butchers boyes snap betweene sleepe and waking.
1688Holme Armoury iii. 313/2 A *Shamble Hook.
1847Lytton Lucretia ii. xviii, [These] left the murderer leisure..to render the insurances on the life of the latter less open to suspicion than if effected immediately on her entrance into that *shamble-house.
1559Fecknam in Strype Ann. Ref. (1709) I. ii. App. ix. 26 There was no open Flesh eatinge, nor *Shambles kepeinge, in the Lent and Daies prohibitid.
1618Licence to eat Flesh in Penny Mag. (1836) V. 259 Forbidding them all manner of *shamble-meates whatsoever. 1736Drake Ebor. i. vi. 219 This city is as well supplied with all sorts of shambles-meat as most markets in England. 1891Reports Provinc. (E.D.D.), I mind the time when old people [in Devonshire] said, ‘It's more'n a month since we had any shammel-mate’.
1894E. Lee-Hamilton Sonn. Wingless Hours 102 A Paris gutter of the good old times, Black and putrescent in its stagnant bed, Save where the *shamble oozings fringe it red.
1638G. Daniel Eclog. i. 122 You..might..Scorne These *Shamble-seeking birds.
1603Dekker Wonderf. Yeare B 4, In *shamble-smelling roomes.
1596L. Mascall Bk. Cattle ii. 120 Preparing the cart... Al the *shamble staues to be made of good dry and tough ash, which are to beare a burthen from the thyller.
1835App. Munic. Corpor. Rep. ii. 1095 (Axbridge), The *Shamble Wardens have the inspection of meat, fish and butter. Ibid. 1370 (Wells), Two officers, named Shamble Wardens are appointed..to inspect the meat.
▪ II. shamble, n.2|ˈʃæmb(ə)l|
[f. shamble v.2]
1. A shambling gait.
1828Disraeli Viv. Grey iii. iii, His coronation pace degenerated into a strut, and then into a shamble. 1855Bain Senses & Int. ii. iv. §9 The shamble of the elephant. 1881J. Grant Cameronians I. iii. 34 His once firm and stately stride had given place to what he called ‘a species of half-pay shamble’. 1887M. E. Wilkins Humble Rom., Old Lady Pingree 53 She..went across the room with a long shamble.
†2. slang. (See quot.) Obs.
a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew s.v. Shamble-legg'd, Shake your Shambles, haste, begon.
▪ III. ˈshamble, a. rare.
[Prob. an attributive use of shamble n.1; the expression shamble legs prob. meant originally ‘legs straddling like those of the trestles of a shamble’ (shamble n.1 2 b). Cf. WFris. skammels (pl. of skammel shamble, board on trestles) used in the sense ‘legs, esp. when badly formed’ (Dijkstra Fries. Woordenboek).]
Shambling, ungainly, awkward; ill-shaped, wry, distorted; also Comb.
1607G. Wilkins Mis. Inforced Marr. ii. B 4 b, A leane fellowe, with sunke eyes, and shamble legges. 1639[J. Taylor] (Water-P.) Divers Crabtree Lect. 100 He had a cleane Legge and a handsome Foote; but thou hast neither, a very shamble-shinne, and hast a foote of the slovings Last. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Shamble-Legg'd, one that goes wide, and shuffles his Feet about. 1709S. Centlivre Man's Bewitched iii, Death, you shamble-ham'd Dog! I'll beat your head off. 1785R. Forbes Ulysses Answ. 24 Thersites, Wha for's ill-scrappit tongue, An' shamble chafts, got on his back Puss wi' the nine tails hung. 1869‘Wat. Bradwood’ The O.V.H. xii, Butchers' ponies, and rough-coated, shamble-kneed cobs, just up from grass. 1897E. W. Hamilton Outlaws xxvii. 303 ‘Hand up, ye shammel⁓shankit brute,’ he continued, as his horse stumbled forward.
▪ IV. shamble, v.1 rare.|ˈʃæmb(ə)l|
[f. shamble n.1]
trans. To cut up or slaughter as in the shambles. † to shamble forth: to cut up and dispose of (a corpse). Also ˈshambled ppl. a.
1601R. Yarington Two Trag. ii. vi. E 2 b, [Stage direction] Merry begins to cut the body... Enter Truth. Ye glorious beames [of the moon]..Why doost thou lend assistance to this wretch, To shamble forth with bolde audacitie His lims, that beares thy makers semblance! 17..Remonstr. Prot. agst. Papists in Somers Tracts. (1748) II. 248 (bis), As if their Intention were to convert the World, and not to Kill the King, Garble the Parliament, Shamble all good and sober Protestants of every Party. 1869Ld. Lytton Orval v. ii. 249 It was a desperate sortie. The Count. Desperate? ay, They shambled us like sheep.
▪ V. shamble, v.2|ˈʃæmb(ə)l|
[Prob. f. shamble a. Cf. Fris. skammelje, ‘to walk irregularly, esp. with badly-formed legs’ (Dijkstra).]
intr. To go with an awkward ungainly gait, to walk awkwardly or unsteadily, usually with adv. as to shamble along.
1681[see shambling vbl. n.]. 1690–[see shambling ppl. a.]. 1717Garth Ovid's Met. xiv. Vertumnus & Pomona 36 The heedless lout comes shambling on. 1746Francis tr. Horace, Ep. ii. i. 233 Dossennus slip-shod shambles o'er the Scene. 1764Gray Jemmy Twitcher 9 He shambles and straddles so oddly. 1837Dickens Pickw. xxiv, Jinks..shambled to a seat, and proceeded to write it down. 1867Trollope Chron. Barset xlix. II. 54 Every morning he shambled across from the deanery to the Cathedral. 1902Buchan Watcher by Threshold 83 He turned and shambled down the passage.
b. of an animal.
1859Blackw. Mag. LXXXVI. 244/2 The bears of the north have scented their quarry—they come near you and nearer, shambling and rolling their bulk. 1878R. B. Smith Carthage xxi. 439 Each [camel] grunting and grumbling as he shambles along.
c. quasi-trans. To make (one's way) or move (one's feet) shamblingly.
1847Lytton Lucretia ii. vii, The sweep..let himself out, and shambled his way to his crossing. 1859Habits of Gd. Society vii. 250 Another shambles his feet along the pavement.
▪ VI. shamble
obs. form of shawm. |