| 释义 |
▪ I. shanty, n.1|ˈʃæntɪ|
Also chanty, shantie, shantee.
[Prob. corruptly a. F. chantier (see chantier) used in Canada in the senses: ‘an establishment regularly organized in the forests in winter for the felling of trees; the head-quarters at which the woodcutters assemble after their day's work’ (Clapin, Dict. Canad.-Fr., 1894).
See 1 c below; it is uncertain whether this is a survival of the original sense, or a late specific application suggested by the Fr. word. It may be further remarked that shantyman, a lumberman, is precisely synonymous with homme de chantier (Dunn, Gloss. Franco-Canad., 1880, p. 38.]
1. a. Chiefly U.S. and Canada. A small, mean, roughly constructed dwelling; a cabin, a hut.
1820Z. Hawley Tour (1822) 31 (Thornton Amer. Gloss.), [These people (in Ohio)] lived in what is here called a shanty. This is a hovel of about 10 feet by 8, made somewhat in the form of an ordinary cow-house. 1827J. F. Cooper Prairie II. xvi. 256, I offer you, as my side of the business, one half of my shanty. 1830Galt Lawrie T. iii. ii. I. 191 Our shanty was completed in good time before the evening. [The scene is Canadian.] 1832C. P. Traill Backwoods of Canada vi. (1836) 93 The shanty is a sort of primitive hut in Canadian architecture, and is nothing more than a shed built of logs. 1836Crockett's Exploits in Texas i. (1837) 4 When we entered the shantee, Job was busy dealing out his rum.., and I called for a quart of the best. 1842Mrs. Kirkland Forest Life I. 173 Not a few lounged around the wide door of a temporary building or ‘shanty’, as we say, erected for the refreshment of the guests. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxvii. (1856) 224 And driving, like the shanty on a raft, before a howling gale. 1871Alabaster Wheel of Law 254 They pass the temples,..and then village after village of poor-looking bamboo shanties. 1891‘J. S. Winter’ Lumley i, It's on the Essex coast just a rambling old farm-house standing rather high..; it's just in fact, a picturesque shanty.
b. transf. and fig.
1841–44Emerson Ess., Nature Wks. (Bohn) I. 226 He has delineated estates of romance, compared with which their actual possessions are shanties and paddocks. 1851H. Melville in J. Hawthorne N. Hawthorne & Wife (1885) I. 399, I have been building some shanties of houses..and likewise some shanties of chapters and essays.
attrib.1888Duke of Argyll New Brit. Constit. 98 One of the group of men who have been building a shanty-constitution for us to replace the spacious palaces of our ancient laws.
c. = Canadian Fr. chantier (see the etymology).
See the comb. shanty-gang, -team, shantyman (3 below).
1824Canadian Mag. III. 201 They commence by building a log cabin called a Chanty to shelter them from the weather, and hence another appellation they are known by, namely Chanty Men. 1829J. MacTaggart Three Years in Canada I. 242 In these shanties they pass the time pretty well, considering them to be made up of Highlandmen, Irishmen, and Yankees. 1876D. Wilson in Encycl. Brit. IV. 774/1 Lumber shanties are constructed capable of accommodating from 25 to 50 men.
2. Austral. and N.Z. A public-house, esp. unlicensed; a ‘sly-grog shop’.
1862Otago Goldfields & Resources 28 These accommodation houses are not mere ‘shanties’ and the traveller, with ordinary precautions, is always safe. 1864J. Rogers New Rush ii. 52 The Keepers of the stores and shanties grieve. 1880H. Lapham in D. M. Davin N.Z. Short Stories (1953) 57 When I first saw it..nearly every second house was a ‘shanty’ or a store. 1902H. Lawson Childr. of Bush 209 They got up a darnse at Peter Anderson's shanty acrost the ridges.
3. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 1) shanty-cook, shanty-dweller, shanty home, shanty hovel, shanty shop, shanty slum; (sense 1 c) shanty-gang, shanty-team; (sense 2) shanty-bar, shanty-keeper, shanty liquor; shanty-boat, a kind of house-boat used by lumbermen; shanty-cake, a cake baked on or in hot ashes; shanty Irish a. U.S., belonging to the Irish lower-classes; also ellipt.; so shanty Irish n. pl., shanty Irishman; shantyman, a lumberman; shanty town, a suburb consisting of shanties, spec. a poor or depressed area of a city or town.
1902H. Lawson Childr. of Bush 240 What damned fools we'd been throwing away our money over *shanty bars.
1880N. H. Bishop Four Months in Sneak-Box iv. 58 *Shanty-boats..are sometimes called, and justly too, family boats.
Ibid. 59 The *shanty-boatman looks to the river not only for his life, but also for the means of making that life pleasant. 1897Outing XXIX. 368/1 We were joined by a very small boy from a shanty-boat.
1847Knickerb. Mag. XXXI. 223 (Thornton Amer. Gloss.), The backwoodsman [must have] his ‘chicken-fixins’ and ‘*shanty-cake’.
1876D. Wilson in Encycl. Brit. IV. 774/1 (Canada), The *shanty-cook is an important member of the little community.
1970E. Afr. Standard (Nairobi) 23 Jan. 1/3 Rich-quick land racketeers who leased small plots to *shanty-dwellers in return for ‘rent’.
1894Outing XXIV. 94/2 We came along just as a *shanty gang had turned a drive of square timber out of the branch [of the river].
1970E. Afr. Standard (Nairobi) 2 Jan. 15/4 The fire..destroyed some 98 *shanty homes.
1862Dicey Federal St. (1863) II. 46 Miserable wooden *shanty hovels.
1928J. Tully Shanty Irish xi. 117 I'm just plain *Shanty Irish an' I'll go to hell when I die. 1966[see residency 1 a]. 1975J. F. Burke Death Trick (1976) v. 79 That shanty Irish bitch!..She hit me..and got away.
1934J. T. Farrell Young Manhood Studs Lonigan xx. 334 The Irish made a *shanty Irishman out of Christ.
1874V. Pyke Adventures G. W. Pratt i. iii. 6 The *shanty-keeper interposed. 1875Wood & Lapham Waiting for Mail 45 Mrs. Smith was a shanty-keeper's wife.
1886H. C. Kendall Poems 209 He'll..swig at *shanty liquors.
1824*Shanty man [see sense 1 c above]. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Shantyman, a lumberer or wood cutter; one who lives in a shanty. 1893Scribner's Mag. June 702/2 The typical shantyman works only fitfully in summer.
1891H. Melville Timoleon 63 And here and there a *shanty-shop Where Fez-caps, swords, tobacco, shawls Lay orderless. 1969Cultural News from India Nov. 20 Shanty shops on pavements, packed buses and tram cars..mark the biggest annual festival of Bengal.
1969A. G. Frank Latin Amer. (1970) xix. 300 The wealth and elegance of downtown Mexico City dazzle the visitor..but equally do the miles of Mexico City's *shanty slums depress.
1878Lumberman's Gaz. 6 Apr., The last of the *shanty-teams of the season have about gone through here on their way home.
1876Potter's American Monthly Oct. 400/2 (caption) *Shanty town. 1880New York Daily Graphic 4 Mar. 38 (caption) A scene in shantytown, New York. 1917U. Sinclair King Coal 36 There's lots of people have boarders in shanty-town. 1946[see Hooverville]. 1954H. Gibbs Background to Bitterness ii. vii. 121 By the end of 1871 over 10,000 diggers occupied the hot, corrugated iron shanty-town of Kimberley. 1980Times 4 Jan. 6/5 The overpopulated [Turkish] cities are girdled with slummy shanty towns.
▪ II. shanty, n.2, chant(e)y|ˈʃæntɪ, ˈtʃɑːntɪ, ˈtʃæntɪ, ʃ-|
[Said to be a corruption of F. chantez imper. of chanter to sing.]
A sailor's song, esp. one sung during heavy work.
α1869Chamb. Jrnl. 11 Dec. 794 (Article) Sailors' Shanties and Sea-Songs. 1885J. Runciman Skippers & Sh. 93 He began to try singing shanties.
attrib.1876C. D. Warner Winter on Nile xi. 153 The ‘shanty man’ the English sailors call their leader from the French chanter.
β1867G. E. Clark 7 Years of Sailor's Life xvi. 165 The anchor came to the bow with the chanty of ‘Oh, Riley, Oh’. 1883Clark Russell Sailors' Lang. Pref. 11 So the same ‘chantey’, as the windlass or halliard chorus is called, furnishes the music to as many various indignant remonstrances as Jack can find injuries to sing about. 1888L. A. Smith (title) The Music of the Waters: a Collection of the Sailors' Chanties, or Working Songs of the Sea, of all Maritime Nations. 1896Kipling Seven Seas, Last Chantey 40 May we lift a Deepsea Chantey such as seamen use at sea? 1900Daily News 9 Apr. 5/1 The British chantey, ‘For he's a jolly good fellow’. 1925D. Garnett Sailor's Return 16 The seaman began a loud and rolling chanty. 1955Times 24 Aug. 7/4 The sea chanty was essentially a working song.
attrib.1856C. Nordhoff Merchant Vessel in Nine Years a Sailor (1857) iv. 40 The foreman is the chantey-man, who sings the song, the gang only joining in the chorus. 1867G. E. Clark 7 Years of Sailor's Life iv. 41 A chanty gang was engaged to hoist out the cargo. Ibid. 44 The chanty men wanted biscuit. 1890Henley Views & Rev., Lit. 153 The melancholy song of the chanty-men.
▪ III. ˈshanty, a. Obs. exc. dial.
Forms: 7 shante, shauntee, 9 shantee, shaunty, shawnty, 8– shanty.
[a. F. gentil (ʒɑ̃ti): see genteel, jaunty adjs.]
Showy, smart.
1685Crowne Sir C. Nice Epil., Each Shante Spark, that can the Fashion hit. c1730J. Haynes Dorset Voc. in N. & Q. Ser. vi. VIII. 45/1 Shanty-man, genteel man. 1737R. Drury Rival Milliners ii. xiii, Where is the gay, engaging, shanty Mien? a1800J. Warton Fashion 79 'Tis thine for sleeves to teach the shantiest cuts. 1811Willan Words W. Riding Yorksh. in Archæologia XVII. 157 Shantee, or Shanty, gay, showy. 1824[Carr] Craven Gloss., Shanty, smart, flanting. 1895E. Angl. Gloss., Shaunty, showy, flashy, affecting to be tasteful in apparel or ornament.
▪ IV. shanty, v.|ˈʃæntɪ|
[f. shanty n.1]
1. intr. To live in a shanty or temporary log hut.
1840C. F. Hoffman Greyslaer I. v. 97 You see..the comfort to a man—who shanties out as much as I do—of having a home all fixed and ready for you. 1857S. H. Hammond Wild Northern Sc. 197 (Bartlett 1860), Mark Shuff and a friend of his, who were trapping, shantied on the outlet, just at the foot of Tupper's Lake.
2. Austral. ‘To visit a grog-shanty habitually; drink frequently or habitually at a public-house’ (Cent. Dict. Suppl. 1909).
1888‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms iii, I was put out at his laying it down so about the Dalys and us shantying and gaffing.
Hence ˈshantying vbl. n.
1824Canadian Mag. III. 202 Such is the usual routine of what is called Shantying in Canada. 1857S. H. Hammond Wild Northern Sc. 212 (Bartlett 1860), When we got back to our shantying ground we were tuckered out, as you may believe. 1926F. Rickaby Ballads & Songs of Shanty-Boy 47 Shantying I'll give o'er when I'm landed safe on shore, And I'll lead a different life. |