| 释义 |
▪ I. chariot, n.|ˈtʃærɪət|
Forms: 4–5 charyot, (4 schariot), 4–6 chariotte, 5 chariett(e, (scharyette), charyett, charyott, chariet, chareot, 6 charryet, 7 charriot, 4– chariot.
[a. OF. chariot (13th c. in Littré), augm. of char car. Since the 17th c. chariot has also taken the place of charet, the two having been confused in English, though in F. chariot and charrette are quite distinct, the former being generally 4-wheeled, the latter 2-wheeled; cf. Littré's 13th c. quot.:
Hallage pour cheriot quatre sols, pour charete deux.]
1. A wheeled vehicle, coach, or conveyance.
†a. A vehicle for the conveyance of goods; a cart or wagon. Obs.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 1295 Wyth charged chariotes þe cheftayne he findez. c1380Sir Ferumb. 4201 To charyotes þey drowen þe grete bales. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ii. v. (1495) 32 In a charyot is moche thynge caryed at ones. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxli. 271 Other Iewelles as many as viii charyettes myȝt carye. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 426, x. or xii. Chariots laden with victuall and Artillery. 1693Mem. Count Teckely iv. 59 The Regiment of Dragoons of Buquoi, which convey'd 200 Chariots of Provisions.
b. A stately vehicle for the conveyance of persons; a triumphal car, a car of state, or a carriage for private use. Now chiefly poet., and applied fig. to the car in which the sun, moon, night, etc., are represented as pursuing their course.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. ii. iv. 39 Whan phebus þe sonne bygynneþ to spreden his clereness with rosene chariettes. 138.Wyclif Wks. (1880) 330 If iche lord of ynglond and his wiif haden two schariotis to lede hem. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 341 Þe firste þat brouȝte chariot [quadrigam] in to Grees. 1483Caxton Cato B j, Beyng wythin hys charyot of worshyp. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. i. i. 48 And when you saw his Chariot but appeare, Haue you not made an Vniuersall shout? 1752Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 90 Nero had the same vanity in driving a chariot. 1827Pollok Course T. vi, Chariot reined by awkward charioteer. 1883Lloyd Ebb & Fl. II. 279 Like the sun's chariot at mid-day.
c. A car or vehicle used in ancient warfare.
1581Marbeck Bk. of Notes 163 A Chariot was a certeine Engine of warre, made with long and sharpe pikes of yron, set in the forefront. 1611Bible Ps. xlvi. 9 He burneth the chariot in the fire. 1675Hobbes Homer 62 Idomeneus slew Phæstus with a thrust, As up into his charriot he went. 1839Thirlwall Greece VI. 221 The operations of the chariots did not extend much farther on this side. 1860Pusey Min. Proph. 384 Assyrian sculptures attest how greatly their pride lay in their chariots.
d. spec. Applied in 18th c. to a light four-wheeled carriage with only back seats, and differing from the post-chaise in having a coach-box. chariot-and-four: one drawn by four horses.
1661Pepys Diary 29 May, We had great sport to try who should drive fastest, Sir W. Butten's coach, or Sir W. Penn's chariot, they having four, and we two horses. 1673Ld. Polwarth in Lauderd. Papers (1885) III. xli. 69 A handsome chariot will doe well anuffe, but nou I think on it wee will be for the most part three togither, and by any means a coach must be gott. 1716–8Lady M. W. Montague Lett. I. xxxi. 108, I went..the other day all round the town in an open gilt chariot. 1794W. Felton Carriages (1801) I. 8 There is no Carriage looks better than a genteel Chariot. Ibid. II. 51. 1833 Act 3 & 4 Will. IV, c. 46 §113 To license..hackney coaches, landaus, chariots, or other carriages for hire. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. xxx, He might have been rolling at that moment in his chariot-and-four.
†2. fig. Vehicle Obs.
1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. ii. 151 There is a pipe that passeth from the middle ventricle to the last, which is as it were the chariot of the spirite, to passe from one to another. 1605Timme Quersit. iii. 144 Consider of the blood..how in the same the whaye is as a chariot or mediator. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. 791 These Philosophers generally conceived the Humane Soul..to have had a Lucid and Etherial Body..as its Chariot or Vehicle.
†3. The asterism of the Wain or Plough, forming part of the Great Bear; also some asterism near the South Pole. Obs.
1555Eden Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 218 When the starres whiche are cauled the wardens of the north starre are vnder the chariotte. Ibid. 280 We saw also syxe cleare bryght and great starres verye lowe aboue the sea..We iudged them to bee the chariotte or wayne of the south.
4. a. Watchmaking. In cylinder watches, a small plate for the bearing of the foot-pivot of the cylinder.
1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 50 Slight alterations in the intersection of the cylinder and escape wheel are made by shifting the chariot.
b. A rotating piece of mechanism in a Hughes type-printing telegraph (see quot.).
1876Preece & Sivewright Telegraphy 90 When one of these keys is depressed a pin is raised, which just catches a ‘chariot’..rotating with the type wheel, and thus sends a current to the distant station.
c. A part of the mechanism of a stage (see quot.).
1902Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 823 Each section [of the stage] is equipped with what is termed a pair of chariots, to hold ‘wing’ lights placed on so-called wing ladders.
5. Comb., chiefly attrib., as chariot-course, chariot-driver (-ing), chariot-horse, chariot-match, chariot-pole, chariot-race, chariot-racer (-ing), chariot-service, chariot-shape, chariot-shell, chariot-side, chariot-way, chariot-wheel; chariot-breaking, chariot-like adjs.; chariot-burial Archæol., the burial of a warrior together with a chariot; chariot-man, a driver of a chariot; chariot plane, a small smoothing plane used for internal angles and small work; chariot-service, the management of war chariots.
a1811R. Cumberland tr. Clouds in T. Mitchell Aristoph. (1822) II. 136 Hard-hearted, *chariot-breaking fates!
1910Encycl. Brit. II. Plate vi, *Chariot burial of a Gaulish chief. 1915E. A. Parkyn Prehist. Art 273 Another chariot burial..was discovered..at Somme Bionne.
1832G. Downes Lett. Cont. Countries I. 409 Circus of Caracalla..is a very well-preserved specimen of the ancient-*chariot-course.
1769Goldsm. Hist. Rome (1786) II. 224 *Chariot-driving was his favourite pursuit.
1610Holland Camden's Brit. i. 29 The *chariot-guiders in the meane time depart a little out of the medly.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xviii. xli. (1495) 802 *Charyotte horse were ordeyned and halowed to the sonne.
1685H. More Illustration 80 This is a *Chariot-like Throne, as that a Throne-like Chariot.
1725–8Young Sat. i. 124 (Jod.) *Chariot-like, I kindle as I run.
1577tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 175 A *Chariote man ought rather to knowe howe to guide his Carte in driuing, than to drawe it himselfe. 1611Bible 2 Macc. ix. 4.
1647R. Stapylton Juvenal 12 Having spent all the estate..in horse-races and *chariot-matches.
1909Wells & Hooper Mod. Cabinet Work ii. 9 *Chariot plane.
c1720Prior Flies, A fly upon the *chariot pole.
1769Goldsm. Hist. Rome (1786) II. 224 He never missed the circus, when *chariot-races were to be exhibited there. 1839Thirlwall Greece I. 425 Having gained a victory in the Olympic chariot-race.
1696Creech Manilius iv. 2 (Jod.) *Chariot-racer.
1647N. Bacon Hist. Disc. i. 2 Where the people ..had obtained such exquisite perfection in *Chariot-service.
1875B. Taylor Faust ii. iii, In Venus' *chariot-shell, with hues of morn, Comes Galatea.
1751Smollett Per. Pic. (1779) III. lxxxi. 231 A man riding by the *chariot-side.
1870Bryant Iliad I. vii. 228 An ample *chariot-way.
1601Shakes. Jul. C. i. i. 39 What Tributaries follow him to Rome, To grace in Captiue bonds his *Chariot Wheeles? 1860Pusey Min. Proph. 386 The chariot-wheels quiver in the rapid onset.
▪ II. chariot, v.|ˈtʃærɪət|
[f. prec. n.: OF. had chareter in same senses.]
1. trans. To carry or convey in a chariot: also fig. Hence ˈcharioted ppl. a.
a1659R. Loveday Lett. (1663) 48 Our thoughts are charriotted..to the furthest parts of the world. 1671Milton Samson 27 As in a fiery column charioting His god-like presence. 1791Cowper Odyss. xvii. 596 Bright-charioted Aurora. 1819Shelley Ode West Wind, O thou Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed The winged seeds. 1864Tennyson Boadicea 3 Standing loftily charioted.
2. intr. or absol. To drive or ride in a chariot.
1627Feltham Resolves i. xlviii. Wks. (1677) 76 The Golden Sun Chariots thorow the rounding Sky. 1821Keats Lamia 217 Charioting foremost in the envious race. 1845–6Trench Huls. Lect. vi. (ed. 3) 246 The charioteer charioting, and not dragged in the dust and mire at the heels of his horses. |