| 释义 |
charism, charisma|ˈkærɪz(ə)m, kəˈrɪzmə|
Pl. charismata |kəˈrɪzmətə|, charisms.
[a. Gr. χάρισµα pl. -ατα, (esp. in N.T.) favour given, gift of grace, f. χαρίζ-εσθαι to show favour, f. χάρις grace, favour. In the pl., the Greek form charismata has been in use since the word's introduction; in the sing., the Anglicized charism was for long the usual form, but has been supplanted by the re-borrowed charisma (the only form used in sense b).]
a. Theol. A free gift or favour specially vouchsafed by God; a grace, a talent.
a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 217 The Charismata of grace. 1644Bulwer Chirol. 149 Is used in the conveyance of that Charisme or miraculous gift of healing. 1852Conybeare & H. St. Paul I. xiii. (1862) 402 The gift of prophecy was that charism which enabled its possessors to utter, with the authority of inspiration, divine strains of warning. 1862Colenso in Evangel. Christendom Oct. 475 He [St. Paul] speaks, indeed, of various charisms or graces. 1875Encycl. Brit. III. 823 Schleiermacher was accustomed to say of Bleek that he possessed a special charisma for the science of ‘Introduction’. 1876M. Davies Unorth. Lond. 322 The charismata of the early Church. 1920J. A. Robertson Hidden Romance N.T. v. 101 He himself had the charisma, or spiritual gift of utterance. 1957N. Micklem Box & Puppets iii. 57 In ex tempore prayer he had a mysterious charisma of the Spirit.
b. spec. (Only in form charisma) [a. Ger. (M. Weber Wirtschaft u. Gesellschaft (1922) i. iii. 140).] A gift or power of leadership or authority (see quot. 1947); aura. Hence, the capacity to inspire devotion or enthusiasm.
1930T. Parsons tr. Weber's Protestant Ethic v. 178 The Zinzendorf branch of Pietism..glorified the loyal worker who did not seek acquisition, but lived according to the apostolic model, and was thus endowed with the charisma of the disciples. 1935A. Salomon in Social Research II. 72 Charisma as a sociological category signifies not a value judgment but merely that quality of appearing as a leader because of extraordinary achievements, which must be legitimized by verification before his followers. 1938T. Abel Why Hitler came into Power iii. 67 The leader who is thus invested by all his followers with the attributes of a man of destiny may be designated as a charismatic leader, following the terminology of Max Weber. Such a leader is one supposedly endowed with ‘special grace’ (Charisma), for the fulfilment of a given mission. 1947Henderson & Parsons tr. Weber's Theory of Social & Econ. Organization iii. 329 The term ‘charisma’ will be applied to a certain quality of an individual personality by virtue of which he is set apart from ordinary men and treated as endowed with supernatural, super-human, or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities. 1959Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Sept. 539/2 Max Weber would doubtless have been horrified, had he lived, to see the uses to which his doctrine of the ‘charisma’ which descends upon the born leader was to be put. 1966A. Papandreou in N.Y. Times 26 Oct. 42 After George Papandreou, I have the widest popular base in Greece... I am the only other man in the party with such charisma. 1967Spectator 30 June 771/3 Like many of his generation, he succumbs to the Kennedy charisma, identifies himself with his hero. 1968Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 8 Oct. (1970) 718 Both the Generals were in civilian clothes, looking curiously different and defenseless without those uniforms, which do have a charisma for me. 1979Sounds 3 Mar. 18/3 They are now deploying records, concert platforms, radio, marketing techniques and a daily increasing quota of charisma to communicate them. 1981C. Francis Commanding Sea in Francis & Tute iv. 168 Nelson..had an almost god-like aura about him—today we would say he had charisma. |