| 释义 |
▪ I. chart, n.1|tʃɑːt|
Also 6–7 charte, (charde).
[a. OF. charte card, map, etc.:—L. carta, charta ‘paper, leaf of paper’, later also ‘card, chart, map’, etc. Charte was the native Fr. repr. of L. carta; but already in 14th c. the It. equivalent carta was introduced for a ‘playing-card’, in the adapted form carte, which was gradually extended by the 17th c. to all senses of the native charte, and at length superseded it. Carte gave the Eng. carte and carde, card (q.v.), both used in 15–17th c. in the sense of ‘chart, map’; but late in the 16th c. charte was introduced in this sense, for which it became the accepted term. Branches II, III, represent mod.F. carte and L. charta.]
I. A map or chart.
1. a. A map. Obs. in the general sense.
1571Digges Pantom. i. xxxiv. L j b, One fayre carde or mappe. Ibid. xxxv. L ij b, Appoynting the lengthe of your myle according as you desire to haue your charte great or small. Ibid. L iij, Diuide the circle at the myddes of your map into 32 partes, pulling out straight lines fro the centre to the vttermost bounds of the charte. 1635N. Carpenter Geog. Del. i. vii. 167 The Geographicall Mappe is twofold: either the Plaine Chart or the Planispheare. 1678Phillips, Chart, also a Map or other Draught. 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v., Plain Charts are those wherein the meridians and parallels are exhibited by right lines parallel to each other. 1828J. H. Moore Pract. Navig. 97 Mr. Gerrard Mercator, a Fleming, in 1556 published a similar chart..whence called Mercator's Chart.
b. spec. (short for sea-chart): A map for the use of navigators; a delineation of a portion of the sea, indicating the outline of the coasts, the position of rocks, sandbanks, channels, anchorages, etc. Also fig.; and in comb., as chart-box, chart-wright; chart-house, -room, an apartment in a ship, in which the charts, navigating instruments, etc., are kept.
1696Phillips, Chart, or Cart, a Sea-Cart. 1697W. Dampier Voy. (1698) I. xvi. 443, I do not find it set down on any Sea Chart. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn., Chart, is a Draught projected for the use of Seamen, discovering the Sea-coasts, Sands, Rocks. 1751Johnson Rambl. No. 174 ⁋1 He..ought to make some improvements in the chart of life, by marking the rocks on which he has been dashed. 1796Pegge Anonym. (1809) 35 The Doctor..was apt to be offended if any one called his work a Map: he would have it called a Chart; and yet in strictness I think it cannot be called so, since we have appropriated this word to Sea-affairs. 1821Scott Kenilw. xxi, A chart..points out..the peculiarities of his navigation. 1854Adm. Smyth Mediterranean (L.) The more recent plans..reveal the awful neglect of our modern chartwrights. 1860Emerson Cond. Life, Wealth Wks. (Bohn) II. 349 Our navigation is safer for the chart. 1877W. Thomson Voy. Challenger I. i. 11 The Chart-room..with ranges of shelves stocked with charts and hydrographic, magnetic, and meteorological instruments. 1878Huxley Physiogr., We speak of the plan of an estate, the map of a country, the chart of an ocean. 1891H. O. Arnold-Forster In Conning Tower 29, I was standing close to the chart house on the upper bridge. 1907Daily Chron. 10 Aug. 4/4 The chart-house door. 1937Discovery Jan. 23/2 The chart-room scale.
c. An outline map for other than purely geographical purposes, as a magnetic chart, chart of temperature; also, a plan of military operations, or the route of an expedition; an itinerary.
1580North Plutarch 307 He was not..contented to see them [battles] drawn..in Charts and Maps. 1675Ogilby Brit. Ded., These Peutingerian Military Charts..appear too faint a Resemblance. 1837W. Irving Capt. Bonneville II. 56 Making maps or charts of his route. 1872Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 409 Magnetic charts..present, at one view, the variations and dip of the needle for all parts of the world.
d. A musical arrangement or score. colloq.
1957N.Y. Times Mag. 18 Aug. 26 Charts, musical arrangements. 1966Crescendo June 20 His arranging activities started about fifteen years ago with a chart for a Victor Feldman date on Melodisc.
2. A graphical representation (by means of curves or the like) of the fluctuations of any variable magnitude, such as temperature, barometric pressure, prices, population, etc.
1880MacCormac Antisept. Surg. 228 The temperature chart, fig. 42, is interesting. Mod. A barometric chart.
3. a. A sheet bearing information of any kind arranged in a tabular form.
1840(title) Gentone's Chart of Inheritance. 1846(title) Historical Chart of the Sovereigns of England. 1851(title) Genealogical Chart of the Descent of Queen Victoria.
b. transf. and fig.
1792S. Rogers Pleas. Mem. i. 57 The screen unfolds its many coloured chart. 1856Dove Logic Chr. Faith ii. §2. 114 [When] we turn to the Social World of men, the pantheistic chart is folded up. 1863Bright Sp. Amer. 3 Feb., A chart of the condition of Europe. 1876Gladstone in Contemp. Rev. June 26 This rude chart of religious thought. Mod. ‘Not a portrait, a mere chart of his face’.
c. spec. A list of the gramophone records or tunes that are most popular at a particular time. Also transf. and Comb.
1963The Beatles 3 More chart-topping discs on the way; more packed audiences to drown the frantic beat with cheering. 1965Melody Maker 3 Apr. 11/2 ‘Little Things’ looks as though it will climb high up the chart. 1965New Statesman 16 Apr. 598/3 If Mr Stewart is top of the Tory pops, other ministers are also high up in the charts. 1967Scottish Daily Mail 17 Oct. 14 Engelbert Humperdinck's six-week-long reign at the top of the charts with The Last Waltz has finally been broken by the Bee Gees with Massachusetts.
II. In other senses of F. carte, OF. charte.
†4. blank chart (= OF. charte blanche, mod.F. carte blanche): a blank paper to be filled up at discretion. Obs.
1707Chart Blanch [see carte blanche]. 1711P. H. View 2 last Parl. 247 The Necessity of sending, almost, a blank Chart to the Treaty. 1712Charte Blanche [see carte blanche].
†5. = card n.2 in several senses:
a. An ordinary card.
b. A playing-card.
c. The compass-card.
a1680Butler Rem. (1759) I. 227 And practis'd all the Tricks upon the Charts. 1704–32Gentleman Instruct. 412 (D.) The discovery of the chart is but of late standing, tho' of great importance. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v. Compass, The mariner's compass with a chart, is much less dangerously moved than the common compass with a bare needle. 1796H. Brougham in Phil. Trans. LXXXVI. 241 One of the brightest [rays]..fell on the chart.
III. = L. charta in mediæval senses.
†6. A charter, grant, title-deed; a deed or document of any kind. Obs.
1616Bullokar, Chart, a writing, a written deed. 1656Blount Glossogr., Chart, paper, parchment or anything to write on; also a writing or written deed. 1673Sir P. Leycester Hist. Antiq. ii. Proleg., Some other Chartes of this Hugh I have met withal. 1775T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry Dissert. ii. 2 A series of royal charts or instruments. Ibid. 74 Hebrew rolls and charts, relating to their estates in England..are now..in the Tower.
▪ II. chart, v.|tʃɑːt|
[f. chart n.1]
trans. To make a chart of; to lay down in a chart; to map.
1851Nichol Archit. Heav. 114 The idea of actually charting these profound regions. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xx. 254 A large indentation which they had seen and charted. 1879Times 5 June, The great outlines of the ocean bed have been charted. 1885Proctor in Knowledge No. 172. 119 To chart every single star..in its proper place.
b. fig. To figure as in a chart; to outline.
1842Tennyson Walking to Mail 97 The world..charts us all in its coarse blacks or whites.
Hence ˈcharted ppl. a., ˈcharting vbl. n.
1854Tait's Mag. XXI. 455 A star..that stood not in the chartings of his heaven-inquiring seer. 1857I. Taylor World of M. 831 The charted pathway of direct knowledge. |