| 释义 |
▪ I. chaste, a.|tʃeɪst|
Forms: 3–8 chast, 4 schast, 4–6 chest, 5 chaast(e, 6 cheste, chaist. 3– chaste.
[a. OF. chaste (13th c. in Littré), semi-popular ad. L. cast-us, casta morally pure, chaste, holy.]
1. Pure from unlawful sexual intercourse; continent, virtuous. (Of persons, their lives, conduct, etc.)
a1225Ancr. R. 164 Meidenhod..oðer, efter meidelure, chaste clennesse. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 191 Þat made, lo! þe wymmen þe chastore lyf lede. 1340Ayenb. 202 He ne is naȝt chast. c1386Chaucer Sompn. T. 209 And chast [v.r. chaast] was man in Paradis certeyn. 1450–1530Myrr. Our Ladye 188 Sayntes ioye of mary the cheste. 1552Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 10 All thame quhilk leivis ane chast lyfe. 1673Ray Journ. Low-C. 55 None more Chast and true to their Husbands. 1742Collins Ode Simplicity 12 O chaste unboastful Nymph! to thee I call. 1869Lecky Europ. Mor. I. i. 153 Had the Irish peasants been less chaste, they would have been more prosperous.
b. transf. Pertaining to sexual purity.
1565–73Cooper Thesaur., Abstinentes oculi, Chast and honest eyes. 1832W. Irving Alhambra II. 144 The chaste and cautious maxims in which she had, as it were, steeped her. 1847Tennyson Princ. vii. 278 Then reign the world's great bridals, chaste and calm.
†2. Celibate, single. Obs.
c1315Shoreham 61 Ac ȝef eny ys ine the cas, Red ich that he be chaste. c1449Pecock Repr. v. ii. 492 Bidden..britheren being in the religiouns forto lyue chaast for euer. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 709 All wedding he forsuik, And euirmoir..He levit chest. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. i. i. 223 She hath sworne, that she will still liue chast. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. i. ii. 116.
†b. Used to render eunūchus. Obs. rare.
1526Tindale Matt. xix. 12 Ther are chaste, which were so borne..And ther are chaste, which be made of men. And ther be chaste, which have made them selves chaste for the kyngdome of hevens sake. 1581Marbeck Bk. of Notes 167 The word Chast, signifieth, Gelded.
†3. Morally pure, free from guilt, innocent. Obs.
a1340Hampole Psalter cxxvii[i]. 1 Þe dred þat a man has to wreth god..is chaste drede. c1450Why can't be nun 82 in E.E.P. (1862) 140 That I may lyue chaste For the corupcion of synnyng. 1535Coverdale Wisd. of Sol. iv. 1 O how fayre is a chaist generacion with vertue?
4. fig. Undefiled, stainless pure.
1604Shakes. Oth. v. ii. 2 Let me not name it to you, you chaste Starres. 1704Pope Windsor For. 209 In her chaste current oft the goddess laves. 1849Robertson Serm. Ser. i. viii. (1866) 142 The chaste clear stars.
5. Decent; free from indecency or offensiveness.
1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. ii. vi. iv. (1676) 191/1 Use honest and chast sports. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. iii. (1702) I. 160 All seem'd Chast within those Walls. 1724Watts Logic 56 Among words which signify the same principal ideas, some are clean and decent, others unclean; some chaste, others obscene. 1759Sterne Tr. Shandy i. ix, The Hero's horse was a horse of chaste deportment.
†6. Restrained, subdued, chastened. Obs.
a1400Octouian 603 The lyoun com..And be the chyld sche ley thon chaste As sche were tame.
7. fig. Chastened, modest, restrained from all excess:
†a. of processes of thought. Obs.
1774Reid Aristotle's Log. vi. §2 A fair and chaste interpretation of nature. 1785― Int. Powers 248 Discovered by patient observation, and chaste induction.
b. of tastes, qualities, etc.
a1797Burke in H. Rogers Introd. Burke's Wks. 71 Raising them to the level of true dignity, or of chaste self-estimation. 1825Lytton Falkland 26 Her tastes, were, however, too feminine and chaste ever to render her eccentric.
8. Pure in artistic or literary style; without meretricious ornament; chastened, subdued.
1753Hogarth Anal. Beauty xiv. 196 They purposely deadened their colours, and kept them what they affectedly called ‘chaste’. 1756J. Warton Ess. Pope (1782) I. v. 272 So chaste and correct a writer. 1815Scribbleomania 197 A specimen of chaste biographical composition. 1823Rutter Fonthill 45 Its chaste proportions and tasteful arrangement in detail. 1872Yeats Growth Comm. 51 Chaste jewellery. 1873Goulburn Pers. Relig. ii. x. 136 We prize our prayer book..for its chaste fervour.
9. chaste tree, also † chaste lamb [mistranslation of L. agnus castus, the name of the tree being mistaken for agnus lamb]: the tree agnus castus, a species of Vitex.
1562Turner Herbal ii. 165 b, Chast tre. Ibid. 166 a, It is called agnos that is chaste because weomen kepinge chastite in the sacrifices of Ceres vsed to straw this bushe vpon the ground. 1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 39 Chastlambe or Agnus castus. 1671Salmon Syn. Med. iii. xxii. 389 Agnus Castus ἄγνος Chast Tree. The seed..restrains lust. 1718Quincy Compl. Disp. 207 Chaste Lamb. This has got a Name for a Cooler. 1866Treas. Bot. 264.
10. Comb., as chaste-eyed, chaste-glowing, chaste-reserved etc., adjs.
1631Chapman Cæsar & P. Wks. 1873 III. 189 The gods wills secret are, nor must we measure Their chaste-reserued deepes by our dry shallowes. 1747Collins Passions ix, The oak-crown'd Sisters, and their chaste-ey'd Queen. 1847Emerson Poems (1857) 92 Chaste-glowing, underneath their lids, With fire that draws while it repels.
▪ II. † chaste, v. Obs.
[The two ME. verbs chast-en and chasti-en (chasty) appear both to originate from OF. chastie-r:—L. castigāre to make chaste or pure, correct, chastise, f. cast-us chaste. The OF. vb. was adopted in 12th c. Eng. as chastien: in early southern Eng., where the OE. weak verbs in -iᵹan still retained -ien in the infinitive, as OE. lufiᵹan (3rd s. lufeð), ME. luvien (3rd s. luveth), later luvi, luvy, luv-en, luv-e, the -ien of chastien was apparently treated in the same way, giving chast-y, chast-en, chast-e. But in those dialects in which lufiᵹan was already reduced to luv-en, chasti- was recognized as the stem of chasti-en, and gave later chasty-e, chasty. Hence in 13th and early 14th c., chasti is the infinitive of chaste, or the stem of chasty, according to dialect.]
1. trans. To correct or amend by discipline; to discipline, train; to bring up under restraint.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 11 No prest. ne no bissop ne mai him chastien ne mid forbode. ne mid scrifte. a1225Ancr. R. 268 Þet tu ne schuldest nout tuhten, ne chasten þi meiden. c1320Sir Tristr. 2475 In þat forest fede Tristrem hodain gan chast. 1340Ayenb. 220 Þeruore me ssel þe children chasti, and wel teche. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xvii. 317 A wikked wyf þat will nouȝt be chasted. c1440Hylton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) ii. xlv, How he..chastith [1533 chastyseth] hem. 1549–62Sternhold & H. Ps. lxix. 11 Though I doe fast my flesh to chaste. c1550Friar & Boy 30 in Ritson Anc. Pop. P. 36 He is a cursed ladde, I wolde some other man hym had, That wolde hym better chaste.
2. To reprove, rebuke.
a1225Ancr. R. 70 Nenne weopmen ne chasti ȝe. Ibid. 96 Ne chastie ȝe neuer nenne swuchne mon bute o þisse wise.
3. To inflict corrective punishment on.
a1225Ancr. R. 184 Þench þet he is Godes ȝerd, & tet God bet þe mid him, & chasteð, ase ueder deð his leoue child. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 428 Sparye he wolde myld men, & chasty þe proute. c1300K. Alis. 6478 He chasted heom with sweord. 1480Robt. Devyll 10 Toke a rodde for to chaste hym. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 40 Blaming and chasting with much crueltie. 1621Bolton Stat. Irel. 22 (an. 33 Hen. VI) If any..which the said chieftayne may chaste, doe any trespasse or felony.
4. To restrain, subdue, tranquillize.
c1230Hali Meid. 15 Hwil þi wit atstond & chaisteð þi wil. c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 860 Harlote with his hendelayk he hoped to chast. c1330King of Tars in Engl. Studien XI. 111 Al þat day & alle þat niȝt Noman miȝt him schast. c1350Will. Palerne 729 Mi hauteyn hert bi-houes me to chast, & bere me debonureli. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ii. xiv. (1495) 39 [Angels] chaste euyll spyrytes that they doo not soo moche harme as they wolde.
5. ? To keep chaste. rare.
c1230Hali Meid. 21 To herien hare drihtin & þonken him ȝeorne þat his mihte ham i cleanschipe chaste.
▪ III. chaste
obs. form of chest. |