| 释义 |
chemotaxis Biol.|kɛməʊˈtæksɪs|
Also chemio-.
[mod.L. chemotaxis (W. Pfeffer 1888, in Untersuchungen aus d. Botanischen Institut Tübingen II. 582), f. chemo- + Gr. τάξις arrangement.]
The disposition exhibited by certain living cells, or free-swimming organisms, of movement towards or away from certain chemical substances held in solution. Also called chemoˈtactism. Hence chem(i)o-ˈtactic, -ical, -ˈtaxic adjs.
1894J. S. Burdon-Sanderson in Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1893 26 As a general designation of reactions of this kind Pfeffer devised the term Chemotaxis, or, as we in England prefer to call it, Chemiotaxis. Ibid. 27 Chemiotactic cells—that is, cells which act under the orders of chemical stimuli. 1897Nature 16 Sept. 481/2 This remarkable attraction—chemical attraction, or ‘chemotaxis’—is a very general phenomenon. 1898H. C. Porter tr. Strasburger's Text-bk. Bot. 263 The chemotactic irritability of Bacteria. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 518 The influence of the chemical substance is either that of attraction or repulsion, the one being known as positive, the other as negative chemotaxis. 1903Snyder New Conceptions in Sci. 202 It is simply a chemical reaction between certain substances in..the fly and the meat, a case of chemotactism. 1903Med. Record 7 Mar. 392 (Cent. D. Suppl.), Chemotaxic. 1908H. Driesch Sci. & Philos. Organism I. 152 Each mesenchyme-cell is specified..with regard to its chemotactical irritability. 1908Practitioner Jan. 22 Some of which [cells] die, and thus set up a chemotactic action. Ibid. Mar. 392 A negative chemiotactic effect. 1950Endeavour IX. 184 This acidity, due to the metabolism of Beggiatoa, produces a chemotactical swarming of two common species of microphagous ciliates. 1964L. Martin Clin. Endocrinol. (ed. 4) viii. 240 The follicle is about to rupture by chemotactic attraction. 1964E. S. Reese in Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. II. 479 Both meandering and direct trails, suggesting a chemokinesis and a chemotaxis respectively.
Add: chemoˈtactically adv.
1910Ann. Bot. XXIV. 654 Strasburger's suggestion that the chromosomes are chemotactically sensible seems rather unlikely. 1946Physiol. Rev. XXVI. 324 Such accumulations of lymphocytes suggest that they may have been attracted chemotactically. 1989B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) xi. 672 The cells could migrate and respond chemotactically to a source of cyclic AMP. |