| 释义 |
quartile, a. and n.
(ˈkwɔːtɪl; in sense B. 2 -taɪl)
[ad. med.L. quartīlis, f. quartus fourth: cf. quintile, sextile.]
A. adj. Astr. and Astrol.
a. quartile aspect, the aspect of two heavenly bodies which are 90° distant from each other. (Cf. quadrate a. 2.)
b. Connected with, relating to, a quartile aspect.
1585Lupton Thous. Notable Th. viii. §43 (1660) 201 If the Aspect be..by a Quartile or Opposite Aspect, he shall get it with tediousness. 1647Lilly Chr. Astrol. i. 26 When two Planets are ninety degrees distant one from another, wee call that Aspect a Quartile Aspect, and write it thus, {square}. 1768Smeaton in Phil. Trans. LVIII. 166 If the quartile observations are made when the planets are considerably to the east or west of the meridian. 1856R. A. Vaughan Mystics (1860) II. 51 To think that he must toil in obscurity like a gnome, calculating aspects, sextile and quartile.
B. n.
1. Astr. and Astrol. A quartile aspect; a quadrature.
1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xxxvi. (Percy Soc.) 188 When fyve bodies above on the heaven Wente retrogarde..With divers quartils. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. i. i. i, The Heauens threaten vs with their..oppositions, quartiles, and such vnfriendly aspects. 1686Goad Celest. Bodies i. vi. 22 The Full Moon, the Interlunia, and the Quartiles. 1768Smeaton in Phil. Trans. LVIII. 163 Let the place of Mars be observed when the Moon is nearest her quartile with Mars. 1839Bailey Festus ix. (1852) 121 Your partite quartiles, and your plastic trines, And all your Heavenly houses and effects.
2. Statistics.
a. The first and third of the three values of a variate which divide a frequency distribution into four groups, each containing one quarter of the total population (the second value of the three, the mean, is sometimes also included); also, any of the four groups so produced.
1879D. McAlister in Proc. R. Soc. XXIX. 374 As these two measures, with the mean, divide the curve of facility into four equal parts, I propose to call them the ‘higher quartile’ and the ‘lower quartile’ respectively. It will be seen that they correspond to the ill-named ‘probable errors’ of the ordinary theory. 1931Biometrika XXIII. 360 The distribution of the quartile is not so closely normal as that of the median. 1957W. Martin in R. K. Merton Student-Physician III. 203 Among students in the top quartile, 28 per cent have high estimations of their ability to perform as a doctor should. 1964Bruner & Potter in J. S. Bruner Beyond Information Given (1974) v. 85 For each picture, the point at which it was first recognized by any subject was obtained.., and likewise the point at which a quarter of the subjects recognized the objects (first quartile). 1977N.Y. Times 4 Apr. 60 (Advt.), The top income half of the nation (those households with incomes above the national median) controls about three-fourths of total income... The top quartile always controls about 48%.
b. quartile deviation, the semi-interquartile range.
1911, etc. [see semi-interquartile range s.v. semi- 6 a]. 1972Jrnl. Social Psychol. LXXXII. 209 Table 1 shows the medians, quartile deviations, and composite ranks. |