| 释义 |
▪ I. chink, n.1|tʃɪŋk|
[f. chink v.1; = northern kink.]
A convulsive gasp for breath, or spasmodic losing of the breath, as in hooping-cough; a convulsive fit of coughing or laughing.
[a1500Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 791 (Nom. Infirmitat.) Hec reuma, a chynge.] 1767H. Brooke Fool of Qual. iv, My Lord and Lady took such a chink of laughing, that it was some time before they could recover. 1855Mrs. Gaskell Cranford ix. (D.), The boys were in chinks of laughing.
▪ II. chink, n.2|tʃɪŋk|
Also 6 chynk(e, chincke, 7 chinke.
[This and its verb, chink v.2, are known only from the 16th c. There is nothing similar in Teutonic or Romanic.
In sense, chink is exactly equivalent to the earlier word chine (n.1), and indeed its earliest known occurrence is in Berthelet's ed. of a work, where it has been substituted for chine, chynne of earlier MSS. and edd. And, although ‘chynes and chynkes’ occurs in 1545–64, it may be said that, generally, chink took the place of chine, between 1550 and 1580. It thus looks like a new formation on chine; but no satisfactory account of its origin can at present be offered. If chinch, chinse, is, as it appears to be, a variant of the verb, the whole may have to be referred to an earlier date.
Professor Skeat thinks it ‘formed with an added k expressive of ‘diminution’; but examples of this process in 15–16th c. are not known.
Wedgwood would identify it with chink3, with the root notion of a sharp shrill sound, as in the chink of metal, and thence derive the sense of sudden fissure or fracture accompanied by such a sound. He compares the development of crack, ‘sharp report’ and then ‘fissure’, and of other words, in which actions are instinctively expressed by their associated sounds. (Cf. e.g. bang, bomb, bum, chap, clap, pop.) But the historical data are too scanty to establish this.]
1. A fissure caused by splitting; a cleft, rift, or crack; a crevice, gap. = chine n.1 1, 2.
[1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. viii. xl. (Tollem. MS.) Also in chines, holes and dennes of þe erþe. c1450MS. Bodl. 3738 viii. xxviii, and 1495W. de W. ibid., In chynnes holes and dennes.] 1535Ibid. ed. Berthelet viii. xl, The chinkes, holes and dennes of the erthe. 1545T. Raynalde Byrth Man Hh j, Betwene the chines and gynks [ed. 1564 chynes and chynkes] of closely ioynyd bourdes. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. ii. (1586) 77 See it be..not ful of chincks or cleftes, that the Sunne burne not the tender rootes. 1601Holland Pliny II. 585 A city swallowed vp by a wide chinke and opening of the earth. 1691Ray Creation i. (1704) 87 The Water descending..into Chinks and Veins. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 656 The chapt Earth is furrow'd o'er with Chinks. 1791Smeaton Edystone L. (1793) §26 An iron chain..fast jambed into a chink of the rock. 1865Geikie Scen. & Geol. Scot. viii. 229 The cliff..is rent into endless chinks and clefts.
b. A fissure or crack in the skin; a chap.
1597Gerard Herbal i. xl. 60 The chappes and chinkes of the hands. 1748tr. Vegetius' Distemp. Horses 196 A sore like a Chap or Chink.
c. fig.
1664H. More Myst. Iniq. ix. 28 Any such chink or least crack in Religious worship. 1860Emerson Cond. Life, Power Wks. (Bohn) II. 329 There is no chink or crevice in which it [power] is not lodged.
2. A long and narrow aperture through the depth or thickness of an object; a slit, an opening in a joint between boards, etc.
1552Huloet, Chinck, clyft, cranny, or creues of earth, stone or woode, thorowe the whiche a man maye loke. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. May, Privily he peeped out through a chinck. 1599Sandys Europæ Spec. (1632) 139 The box of devotion, with..two tapers on each side to see the chinke to put money in. 1656Cowley Misc., Reason vi, There through Chinks and Key-holes peep. 1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 96 Fire was seen..Thro' some chinks of the door. 1839–47Todd Cycl. Anat. III. 111/2 The length of the chink of the glottis is very variable. 1862E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 127 Chinks and openings produced by imperfect carpentry.
fig.1831Landor Andrea of Hungary Wks. 1846 II. 540 That is the chink of time they all drop through.
▪ III. chink, n.3|tʃɪŋk|
[An echoic word; used also as a verb, chink v.3]
1. An imitation of the short, sharp sound produced by pieces of metal or glass striking one another; hence a name for this sound.
1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 276 b, As soone as theyr coyne shall cry chink in your boxes. 1601R. Yarington Two Lament. Traj. v. ii. in Bullen O. Pl. IV, And chinck of gold is such a pleasing crie. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. iii. i. §18 The chink of their money. 1782Cowper Truth 140 At chink of bell. 1855Tennyson Maud x. iii. 7 The chink of his pence. 1872Holland Marb. Proph. 10 The sharp, metallic chink of grounded arms.
2. Any sound of the same kind.
a1764Lloyd To Colman, Ere Milton soar'd in thought sublime, Ere Pope refin'd the chink of rhyme. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. I. 165 Half a dozen grasshoppers..make the field ring with their importunate chink. 1879Jefferies Wild Life in S.C. 299 The ‘fink, chink’ of the finches sounded almost as merrily as before.
†3. pl. Pieces of ready money, coins. Obs.
1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 134 To buie it the cheaper, haue chinkes in thy purse. 1577Holinshed Descr. Irel. iii, Such as had not redy chinckes, and theruppon forced to run on y⊇ score. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. i. v. 119 He that can lay hold of her, Shall haue the chincks. 1611Cotgr., Quinquaille, chinkes, coyne.
4. A humorous colloquial term for money in the form of coin; ready cash.
Exceedingly common in the dramatists and in songs of the 17th c.; now rather slangy or vulgar.
1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 101 Til purse doe lack chinke. 1598Florio, Dindi..a childish word for money, as we say chinke. 1652C. Stapylton Herodian xv. 129 They shew withall their purses full of Chink. 1653J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. (1876) No. 20. 8 He pay'd the chinque, and freely gave me drink. a1745Swift Martial i. lxxxvi. 67 Nay, I'm so happy, most men think, To live so near a man of chink. a1845Hood Black Job iv, A Treasurer, of course, to keep the chink.
5. [from the sound of their note.]
a. The Chaffinch; also called chink-chink, chink-chaffey, chinky-chank. dial.
b. The Reed Bunting. Sc.
1797T. Bewick Brit. Birds (1847) I. 104. 1864 Atkinson Provinc. Names Birds, Chink, chinky, chaffinch. 1875Buckland Note in White's Selborne 356 The chiff-chaff is also called the ‘chinky-chank’.
▪ IV. chink, n.4 dial.
[app. a variant of kink, a twist: cf. the corresp. vb. chink4.]
(See quot.)
a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Chink, a sprain on the back or loins, seeming to imply a slight separation of the vertebræ.
Hence chink-backed a.
1868Daily News 8 Dec., The chink-backed bullock.
▪ V. chink, n.6 S. Afr.
Short for chinkerinchee. colloq.
1949L. G. Green Land of Aft. v. 73 ‘Chinks’ grow only in the Western Province. 1960C. Lighton Cape Floral Kingdom xiii. 117 The ‘chinks’ have always been welcome in Britain as a change from the usual run of early winter flowers.
▪ VI. chink, v.1 dial.|tʃɪŋk|
Also kink.
[Goes back to an OE. *cincian of which the vbl. n. cincung occurs in 11th c., corresp. to LG. and Du. kinken to cough, to draw the breath with difficulty, app. a LG. nasalized form of *kîk-an, whence MHG. kîchen, mod.G. keichen to gasp, cough. In Eng. the northern dial. form kink is common from the 14th c.; but chink is known only in modern dialect writers or illustrators (Lancashire, Cheshire, etc. Cf. chink n.1, chincough.]
intr. To gasp convulsively for breath, lose one's breath spasmodically in coughing or laughing.
[c1050Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 171 Cachinnatio, ceahhetung uel cincung. c1460Towneley Myst. 309, I laghe that I kynke. 1607T. Walkington Opt. Glasse 46 Hee laughes and kincks like Chrysippus.] 1853Mrs. Gaskell Ruth xviii. (D.), He chinked and crowed with laughing delight. 1875Lancash. Gloss. (E.D.S.), Chink, to lose one's breath with coughing or laughter. 1884Holland Chester Gloss. (E.D.S.), Chink, to catch or draw the breath in laughing. When a child first begins to make a noise in laughing, it is often said ‘it fairly chinks again’.
▪ VII. chink, v.2|tʃɪŋk|
Also 6 chynken, chincke, 6–7 chinke.
[Belongs to chink n.2, along with which it appears in the 16th c. Cf. also chine v. and chinse v.]
†1. intr. To open in cracks or clefts, to crack.
1552Huloet, Chynken or gape, as the ground dooth with dryeth. 1580Baret Alv. C 484 The boate chinketh. 1601Holland Pliny II. 467 The earth aboue head chinketh, and all at once..setleth and falleth. 1610W. Folkingham Art of Survey i. x. 24 Chapping grounds, chinking, or chauming with Cranies. 1693W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. 332 To chink, as ground doth, rimas agere.
†2. trans. To crack or chap. Obs.
1599T. M[oufet] Silkwormes 11 Kissing their wal apart where it was chinckt. 1601Holland Pliny II. 551 This kind of painting ships is so fast and sure, that neither sun will resolue..ne yet wind and weather pierce and chinke it. 1611Cotgr., Gercer, to chink, chap, chawne (as the North wind does) the face, hands, etc. a1656Bp. Hall Seasonable Serm. 15 (L.) The surface..is chopped, and chinked with drought, and burnt up with heat.
3. To fill (up) chinks, esp. (U.S.) those between the logs in a log-house. (Cf. chinch, chinse.)
1822Scott Nigel vii, The walls, doors, and windows, are so chinked up. 1845G. W. Kendall Texan Santa Fé Exped. I. i. 25 Our log-house quarters, however, were closely ‘chinked and daubed’. 1881Scribner's Mag. 79 While the men..build the house, the women chink the cracks.
▪ VIII. chink, v.3|tʃɪŋk|
[Corresponds to mod.Du. and EFris. kinken; a word imitating the sound expressed. See chink n.3, and note below.]
1. intr. To emit a short, sharp, ringing sound, as coins or glasses do in striking each other.
1589–1611 [see chinking vbl. n.2] 1633G. Herbert Temple, Quip iii, Then Money came..chinking still. 1676Hobbes Iliad i. 50 The Arrows chink as often as he jogs. 1682N. O. Boileau's Lutrin iv. 31 'Tis time To Rise to Matins! Thus, the Bells did Chink! 1798Southey Ballads, Surgeon's Warning Poems VI. 190 He made the guineas chink. 1851Carpenter Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 83 When thrown into a tumbler, they chinked like lumps of ice.
b. said of a purse, pocket, etc., containing coins.
a1616Beaum. & Fl. Wit at Sev. Weapons iv. i, Enter Ruinous with a purse. Ru. It chinks; make haste! 1817Cobbett Pol. Reg. XXXII. 141 Our pockets chink with the sound of something real.
2. trans. To cause (things) to make this sound by striking them together; esp. coins.
1728Pope Dunc. ii. 189 He chinks his purse, and takes his seat of state. a1764Lloyd Milk-Maid Poet. Wks. 1774 II. 52 Oft in her hand she chink'd the pence. 1884M. E. Braddon Ishmael xii, Chinking a glass against a bottle as a summons to the waiter. [Note. The Harl MSS. 221 (c 1440) of Promp. Parv. has the entry ‘Chymyn' or chenken' wythe bellys tintillo’, which, if genuine, carries back the evidence for this word a century earlier. Unfortunately, the reading is not supported by the other MSS., some of which, like the King's Coll. and Winchester, have not the entry, while MS. Addit. 22, 586, like Pynson's and the other printed edd., has ‘chymyn or clynke bellys, tintillo’. This and the treatment of Clynkyn farther on make it possible that chenken is a scribal error for clynken.] ▪ IX. chink, v.4 dial.
[Goes with chink n.4: there appears to have been a Teut. vb. kink- to twist, entangle.]
trans. To give a twist to (the vertebral column); to crook slightly, sprain.
a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Chink, to cause such an injury. ‘The fall chinked his back.’ 1831Youatt Horse x. (1843) 227 Old horses who have..some of the bones of the back or loins anchylosed—united together by bony matter and not by ligament..Such horses are said to be broken-backed or chinked in the chine. 1881Ouida Village Comm. x, As a packed mule is ‘chinked’ on the march.
▪ X. chink
obs. form of chinch n.1, bug.
▪ XI. chink
var. of chinch v. Obs. to stint. |