| 释义 |
▪ I. shive, n.1 Chiefly dial.|ʃaɪv|
Forms: 3 schive, 4–6 shyve, 5 schyfe, schyve, 4– shive.
[ME. schīve (? repr. OE. *scífe wk. fem.) = OFris. skîve (only in knê-skîve knee-cap), OS. scîva (glossing sphera), MLG., MDu. schîve (mod.Du. schijf) fem., OHG. scîba (MHG. schîbe, mod.G. scheibe); also (prob. from LG.) Sw. skifva, Da. skive, Icel. skífa. The senses in mod. continental Teut. are quoit, disc, knee-cap, pulley, window-pane, slice of bread, etc. Cf. the str. vb. MHG. schîben (early mod.G. scheiben) to roll, to spin on an axis; but this is prob. f. the n. The weak grade *skiƀ- of the root is represented by sheave n.1
Affinities outside Teut. are uncertain. The Gr. σκοῖπος (Hesych.) is often cited as cognate, but the alleged sense ‘potter's wheel’ is a mistake; the gloss appears to mean ‘the projecting part of the beams supporting roof-tiles’.]
1. A slice (of bread; rarely of other edible).
a1225Ancr. R. 416 Gif heo mei sparien eni poure schreaden [MS. T. schiue], sende ham al derneliche ut of hire woanes. c1330Spec. Gy de Warewyke 970 Bring me wid þe a shiue bred! c1440Alphabet of Tales 525 Þe preste bad hym cut shyvis of bread and fyll a kyste þerwith and lokk it. 1562Turner Herbal ii. 23 The rootes [of Iris]..are cut in litle shiues or cakes. 1581J. Derricke Image Irel. ii. F ij, And with the same [stabbers] thei slashe me out, good God what preatie shiues. Not shiues of bread I meane..But gobbes of fleshe. 1607T. D[ekker? ] & Wilkins Jests 12 Michaelmas tearme you know is like a great houshold loafe, you may cut out a good many shiues, and yet feede vpon it well too. 1703Thoresby in Ray Philos. Lett. (1718) 336 A Shive of Bread, cut off the Loaf. 1825Blackw. Mag. XVIII. 155 A mere wafer of fatless ham, between the finest shives of bread. 1851–61Mayhew Lond. Labour II. 227 Thick ‘shives’ of bread.
†2. The knee-cap, patella. Obs.
1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 12/3 The shive of the knee, Lat. Patella.
†3. A pane of glass. [? After LG. schîve.] Obs.
1527Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters B j, The great rounde shyves of Venys glas.
4. A thin flat cork for stopping a wide-mouthed bottle; also a thin bung for a cask.
1869W. Molyneux Burton-on-Trent 247 [The cask] is then closed with a wooden ‘shieve’ or bung. 1876Encycl. Brit. IV. 275/2 Ales intended to be stored some months should have a porous vent peg placed in the shive.
attrib.1901Daily Chron. 3 Dec. 10/6 Advt., Shive Turner wanted by a leading London brewery.
†5. A piece (of wood) split off, a billet. [? Confused with shide or ] Obs.
1661Boyle Scept. Chym. vi. 401 The shavings..differing from those shives or thin and flexible pieces of wood that are obtain'd by Borers. 1786Cowper Odyss. xiv. 518 Then lifting a huge shive [Gr. σχίζῃ δρυός] that lay beside The fire, he smote the boar, and dead he fell.
▪ II. shive, n.2
(see below)
Also 9 shiv. See also sheave n.2
[= WFlem. schif (for other cognates see sheave n.2), f. Teut. root *skī̆f- to split, whence shiver n.1]
1. With pronunc. |ʃɪv|. A particle of husk; a splinter; a piece of thread or fluff on the surface of cloth, etc.; pl. the refuse of hemp or flax. Obs. exc. dial.
1483Cath. Angl. 337/2 Schyfes (A. schyffes) of lyne, stupa, napta. 1601Holland Pliny xix. i. II. 4 What shall bee done with all the hard refuse [of the Flax], the long buns of the stalkes, the short shuds or shives. 1672Hoole Comenius' Visible World lix. 121 Where the Shives [cortices] fall down, then they are heckled with an Iron Heckle. 1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth ii. (1723) 81 The Shiv's or Chaff of the Juli of Trees and Shrubs. 1855Whitby Gloss., Shivs, husks of grain and such like particles.
2. With pronunc. |ʃaɪv|. Paper-making. A dark particle in finished paper resulting from incomplete digestion of impurities in the raw material; such particles collectively. Cf. sheave n.2 3.
1922Manuf. Pulp & Paper III. viii. 1 The difference between shives and slivers should be clearly understood. 1937E. J. Labarre Dict. Paper & Paper-Making Terms 207/2 Sheave, also spelt shive..are dark specks in the finished paper, due to impurities in raw materials, rags and esparto grass, [etc.].., hence ‘shivery’ or ‘shivey’ paper. 1952F. H. Norris Paper & Paper Making xx. 291 Shives are usually light in colour..and..shaped like a minute splinter. 1968R. R. A. Higham Handbk. Papermaking (ed. 2) ii. 79 Shive, knots..and similar impurities, cause breaks in the web.
3. Comb.: shivelight nonce-wd., a sliver of light.
1888G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 105 Shivelights and shadowtackle in long lashes lace, lance, and pair.
▪ III. † shive, v.1 Obs.
[f. shive n.1 Cf. ON. skífa.]
trans. To cut (bread) into slices.
1570Levins Manip. 152/39 To shiue, dissecare. 1629Gaule Holy Madn. 343 He shiues out his Bread by weight or measure.
▪ IV. † shive, v.2 Obs.—0
[f. shive n.2]
trans. To ‘break’ (hemp, flax).
1483Cath. Angl. 337/2 To schyfe, extupare.
▪ V. shive
variant of chive n.2 Obs.
1599A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 58/2 Heerof thou shalt alwayes after meales eate a discided shive of Fennelle. 1639O. Wood Alph. Bk. Secrets 92 Adding..three shives of Saffron undried.
▪ VI. shive
see shiv n., v. |