| 释义 |
‖ cilia, n. pl.|ˈsɪlɪə|
Sing. cilium, not common.
[L. cilia, pl. of cilium, an eyelid, eyelid-edge, eyelash. (The plural has been made ciliæ and cilias by those who mistook cilia for a sing.) Cf. cil.]
1. a. The eyelids, esp. the outer edges of the eyelids.
1715Kersey, Cilium, the Eye-lid, properly the utmost Edge of the Eye-lid, out of which the Hairs grow. So1721–1800Bailey. 1783J. C. Smyth in Med. Commun. I. 193 The cilia, or edges of the eye-lids, look red.
b. The eye-lashes.
1838Penny Cycl. X. 141/2 The lashes or cilia..grow in several rows at the margins of both lids. 1875H. Walton Dis. Eye 137 A cilium is always in the centre of it.
2. a. Delicate hairs resembling eye-lashes, esp. such as form a fringe on the margins of leaves, the wings of some insects, etc.
1794Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxvi. 402 The scales are ovate with erect capillary cilias. 1834McMurtrie Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 461 The wings [of diptera] are always distant..Their edge is more or less fringed with cilia. 1875Bennett & Dyer Sachs' Bot. 331 The margin of the theca appears furnished with appendages of very regular form arranged in one or two rows..termed Teeth or Cilia.
b. Ornith. The barbicels of a feather.
1884E. Coues Key N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) ii. iii. 84 The barbicels..also called cilia, or lashes..are simply a sort of fringe to the barbules. 1893Newton Dict. Birds 240 The cilia or barbicels with their hamuli or hooks are outgrowths of the radii.
3. Phys. Minute hair-like organs or appendages found on the tissues of most animals, and in some vegetable organisms. They are in incessant vibratile movement, and in many of the lower animal forms that live in water they serve as the chief organs of locomotion.
1835–6Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 606/1 The cilia serve as organs of locomotion. Ibid. Cilia..exist in a great many invertebrated and in all vertebrated animals except Fishes. 1872Huxley Phys. vii. 157 In some of the lower animals, cells may be found possessing only a single cilium. 1875Bennett & Dyer tr. Sachs' Bot. 211 Algae, The rotating advancing movement is occasioned by Cilia, fine vibratile threads which are sometimes very numerous but short, and cover the whole surface of the swarm-spore. 1881Mivart Cat 26 Thread⁓like processes or cilia, which are capable of performing repeatedly a whipping-like movement.
4. in Comb. as cilia-bearing adj. (in sense 3).
1835–6Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 43/2 The cilia-bearing arches. |