| 释义 |
▪ I. clack, n.|klæk|
Also 5–7 clacke.
[Goes with clack v.1: cf. F. claque clap or blow with the flat of the hand; also Du. klak, MHG. klac crack, etc. (Sense 6 may be the original (cf. the verb); but in its later use it is mainly transferred from branch I.)]
I. Of mechanical sounds, etc.
1. A sharp, sudden, dry sound as of two flat pieces of wood striking each other, partaking of the character of a clap and a crack.
[1589R. Harvey Pl. Perc. (1860) 10 The clacke of thy mill is somewhat noisome.] 1598Florio, Castagnette, little shels..to make a noise or sound or clack with their fingers. 1674Petty Disc. bef. R. Soc. 100 In all Breast- and Under⁓shot-Mills..to count the Clacks, Revolutions or Stroaks made within the Time. 1833Brewster Nat. Magic xi. 274 The clacks produced by the swivel of a ratchet-wheel. 1861L. L. Noble Icebergs 311 Hitting upon the wooden latch, up it came with a jerk and a clack that went..to the ears of every sleeper. 1868Morris Earthly Par. (1870) I. i. 157 The great wheel's measured clack.
2. An instrument which makes this noise.
1611Cotgr., Cliquette..also, a childs rattle, or clacke. 1838Thoms Anecd. & Traditions 113 (Halliw. s.v. Clacker) ‘Clacks of wood,’ small pieces of wood to clap with.
†3. The clapper of a mill; an instrument which by striking the hopper causes the corn to be shaken into the mill-stones. Obs.
c1440Promp. Parv., Clappe or clakke of a mille, tarantara, batillus. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Claquet de moulin, the clacke or clapper of a mill. 1708Brit. Apollo No. 29. 2/1 The Miller's Clacks and the Lawyer's Clacks are in perpetual Motion.
b. ‘A bell that rings, when more corn is required to be put in’ (J.); ‘a mill-hopper alarm’.
4. A rattle, worked by the wind, to scare away birds.
1676Worlidge Cyder (1691) 88 This far exceeds all Clacks and other devices to scare away the bold Bulfinch. 1824T. Forster Perenn. Cal. in Hone Every-Day Bk. II. 877 The noisy cherry clack..drives its..windsails round.
5. A form of valve in pumps, etc., consisting of a flap, hinged at one side, covering the aperture, which is opened by the upward motion of the fluid, and closes either by its weight, or by the fluid's backward pressure; often called a clack-valve.
1634Bate Myst. Nature & Art 8 A clacke is a peece of Leather nayled ouer any hole, hauing a peece of Lead to make it lie close, so that the ayre or water in any vessell may thereby bee kept from going out. 1726Desaguliers in Phil. Trans. XXXIV. 80 An inverted Brass Clack or Valve shutting upwards, and falling down by its own Weight. c1790J. Imison Sch. Art I. 169 A valve or clack, something like a trap-door, to shut downward. 1831J. Holland Manuf. Metals I. 161 The lower board [of the] bellows..has a hole with a valve or clack. 1861Rankine Steam Engine 117 Valves, sometimes called clacks..intended for the purpose of permitting the passage of the fluid only, and stopping its return.
b. In locomotive engines the valve which closes the opening of the feed-pump into the boiler; generally a ball-valve.
1829R. Stuart Anecd. Steam Engines I. 188 The return of the water is prevented by the usual means of a puppet-clack, or valve. 1849–50Weale Dict. Term 103/1 A ball-clack..to close the orifice of the feed-pipe, and prevent steam or hot water reaching the pumps. The ball of the clack is raised from its seat by the stroke of the pump-plunger forcing the water against it.
II. Of the human voice, tongue, etc.
6. Din of speech, noise or clatter of human tongues; contemptuously, loquacious talk, chatter senseless or continuous.
c1440York Myst. xxxiv. 211 Ther quenes vs comeres with þer clakke. a1566R. Edwards Damon & Pithias in Hazl. Dodsley IV. 97 Abandon flatt'ring tongues, whose clacks truth never tell. 1605Drayton Moone Calf (R.), Who but one hour her loud clack can endure. 1678Butler Hud. iii. ii. 445 His Tongue ran on..And with its Everlasting Clack Set all men's ears upon the Rack. 1693South Serm. 158 Whose chief intent is to vaunt his spiritual clack. 1709Addison Tatler No. 102. ⁋1 The Clack of Tongues. 1781J. Moore View Soc. It. (1790) II. liv. 129 The aggregated clack of human voices. 1824W. Irving T. Trav. I. 216 The tread of feet and clack of tongues.
7. A loud chat, a talk. (colloq.)
1813G. Colman Br. Grins., etc., Vagaries Vind. xi. (1872) 229 The merry chits maintained a half-quelled clack. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xlvii. (1856) 336 Seven north country whaling captains..‘holding clack’ in our little cabin. 1888J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge (Tauchn.) II. xviii. 197 The old fellow would have had a clack with her.
8. contemptuously. The tongue. (Cf. 2, 3.)
1598Greene Jas. IV, Wks. (Gros.) XIII. 210 Haud your clacks lads. 1641Brome Joviall Crew v. Wks. 1873 III. 435 He must talk all. His Clack must onely go. 1741Richardson Pamela I. 61 And so, belike, their Clacks ran for half an Hour in my Praises. 1828D'Israeli Chas. I, II. i. 23 Who, as washerwomen..at their work, could not hold their clack. 1864E. Sargent Peculiar III. 76 To hermetically seal up this Mrs. Gentry's clack.
†9. A loquacious person, a chatterbox. Obs.
1640Fuller Joseph's Coat (1867) 8 They are but clacks and tell-tales for their pains. 1680Otway Caius Marius ii. iii. (1735) 40 That well-spoken fool, That popular clack.
10. Comb., clack-box, (a) the box or chamber which contains the clack-valve of a pump; (b) in locomotive engines the box or cage enclosing the clack (see 5 b); (c) dial. ‘the mouth which contains a nimble tongue’ (Forby); clack-door, an opening into the clack-box of a pump; clack-mill, a windmill rattle for scaring birds (see 4); clack-seat, in locomotive engines a recess in the feed pump, for the clack to fit in; clack-valve, see 5. Also clack-dish.
1849–50Weale Dict. Terms, Clack-box, in locomotive engines, the box fitted on to the boiler where a ball-clack is placed.
1867W. W. Smyth Coal & Coal-mining 181 If the water..rises above the *clack-door before the change be made.
1858Lardner Handbk. Nat. Phil. Hydrost. 114 The single *clack valve is the most simple example of the class.
▪ II. clack, v.1|klæk|
Forms: 3–7 clacke, 5 clake, 6– clack.
[ME. clack-en: cf. F. claque-r to clack, clap hands, crack a whip, strike the jaws together; also Du. klakken to clack, crack, MHG. klac a crack, etc., OHG. kleken (:—klakjan), MHG. klecken to make a crack; also ON. klaka to twitter, as a swallow, chatter as a pie. The relations between these are uncertain: the form is evidently echoic, and may have arisen independently in different langs. and periods. Cf. clap, crack.]
1. intr. To chatter, prate, talk loquaciously. Said of chattering birds and human beings.
a1250Owl & Night. 81 Þi bile is stif and scharp and hoked..Þar mid þu clackest [v.r. clechest] oft and longe. c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 38 To speke of bakun mete I wolde clake. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 692 Thus as mens imaginations ranne, so their tongues clacked. 1687A. Lovell tr. Bergerac's Com. Hist. i. 121 The whole Mobile clacked with the Beak, in sign of Joy. 1798Poetry in Ann. Reg. 447 Mark the pleader who clacks in his clients behalf With my lud, and his ludship, three hours and a half. 1832Macaulay Lett. in Trevelyan Life (1876) I. v. 267 He will sit clacking with an old woman for hours. 1863Mrs. C. Clarke Shaks. Char. i. 20 The usual recipe for concocting a lady's maid, by making her clack like a mill-wheel.
2. trans. To utter chatteringly, to blab.
1590Greene Never too late (1600) 48 Tis not euer true, that what the hart thinketh the tongue clacketh. 1627–8Feltham Resolves i. iv. (R.), Custom makes them clack out any thing their heedlesse fancy springes.
3. To cluck, or cackle, as a hen. Cf. clock, cluck.
1712Steele Spect. No. 479 ⁋4 My hen clacks very much, but she brings me chickens. 1833Tennyson Goose vi, The more the white goose laid It clack'd and cackled louder. 1872Tinsley Mag. Xmas. No. 17 My old mother used to say that every hen's got enough to do to look after its own chicks, and it clacks enough over that, goodness knows.
4. intr. To make a sound intermediate between a clap and a crack, as a hard substance, such as a piece of wood, does in striking a hard surface. to clack (more commonly to crack) a whip.
1530Palsgr. 485/1 The myll gothe, for I here the clacke clacke..car je os le clacquet clacquer or clacqueter. 1570Levins Manip. 5 To clacke, clangitare. 1611Cotgr., Claquer, to clacke, to clap, to clatter. 1726Dict. Rust. (ed. 3) s.v. Capriole, He Clacks or makes a Noise with them. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair viii. 57 Whip clacking on the shoulders. 1875Howells Foregone Concl. 60 A woman clacking across the flags in her wooden heeled shoes.
†b. transf. to similar actions. Obs.
1740E. Baynard Health (ed. 6) 27 Th' heart clacks on, and is a mill, That's independent of the will.
5. trans. To cause (things) to make such a sound.
1542Boorde Dyetary xi. (1870) 260 Euyl ale-brewers and ale-wyues..shuld clacke and ryng theyr tankardes at dym myls dale. 1611Florio, Castagnétte, little shels vsed of those that dance the canaries to clacke or snap with their fingers. 1676Hobbes Iliad (1677) 163 He clackt his whip. 1872Darwin Emotions 214 The Australians smacked and clacked their mouths at the sight of his horses and bullocks.
†B. The verb stem used adverbially; At once, on the instant, pat, ‘slick’; cf. bang, plump, etc.
a1734North Exam. ii. v. §50 (1740) 345 They went all, clack, to Conventicles, I'll warrant ye! Ibid. iii. vii. §44 (1740) 535 The Money was not got; if that had fallen in clack, the King had compleated a Negotiation.
▪ III. † clack, v.2 Obs.
[Orig. a Flemish word of the wool-trade: Kilian, 1598, has ‘klacken detergere lutum, used in Fland. Brug., for kladden, afkladden abstergere sordes, detergere lutum, detergere vestem peniculo, stringere’, also ‘klacke Fland. = kladde macula lutosa, lutum vestibus hærens, nota cænosa’, a dirty mark. Cf. Ger. klacke spot of dirt, in Grimm. Hence med.L. claccāre; see Du Cange.]
trans. To remove the dirty parts, esp. the tarry mark or ‘buist’ from (a fleece of wool). (Cf. clag v. 4.)
1429Act 8 Hen. VI, xxii, Great hinderance commeth to the King in his Customes and Subsidies by them that doe clack and force the good Woolles of the Realme. [1472in Rymer Foedera XI. 735 ‘Quod..lanas quascumque berdare, claccare, et mundare possint’.] 1485Act 1 Hen. VII, c. 10. §7 That the same Wolle shuld be as it was shorne and clene wounde, withoute any sortyng, barbyng or clakkyng. 1607Cowell Interpr., To clack wooll is to cut off the sheepes marke which maketh it to waigh less and yield less custom to the king. 1641in Termes de la Ley 60 b. 1726in Dict. Rust. (ed. 3). |