| 释义 |
cladistic, a. and n. Taxonomy.|kləˈdɪstɪk|
[f. clade n.2 + -istic.]
A. adj. Based on or employing the concept of a clade or the ideas of cladistics; devised in accordance with cladistics.
1960Proc. Zool. Soc. CXXXV. 3 Closeness of relationship in terms of phyletic lines can be called cladistic. 1963Sokal & Sneath Princ. Numerical Taxon. viii. 220 Cladistic relationship refers to the paths of the ancestral lineages and therefore describes the sequence of branching of the ancestral lines. 1965Systematic Zool. XIV. 78/2 The cladistic approach has been severely criticized. 1969E. Mayr Princ. Systematic Zool. x. 211 Methods which give branching patterns primacy in classification may be designated cladistic approaches. 1973Jrnl. Geol. LXXXI. 530/1 The limbs may be construed as taxonomic groups if one adopts a purely cladistic approach to classification. 1974P. H. A. Sneath in Carlile & Skehel Evol. in Microbial World 3 Cladistic relationship describes the relationship by pathways of ancestry. 1979Nature 16 Aug. 541/2 Cladistic classification is..inapplicable to non-sexual organisms and will presumably never be used for microorganisms such as Protozoa, bacteria and viruses.
B. n. pl. (usu. const. as sing.). Systematic classification of groups of organisms on the basis of shared characteristics thought to derive from a common ancestor. Also, the study of the branching of evolutionary lines of descent and the relationship between branches. (In quot. 1965, cladistic relationships.)
1965Camin & Sokal in Evolution XIX. 311/2 Although the study is still in progress, it has already led to an empirical method which we believe capable of deducing probable cladistics from the characters of existing organisms. 1969Science 13 June 1267/3 It is often..concluded that cladistics carried to its logical extreme..does not provide a suitable basis for classifications, but this is no reason for not considering..cladistic methodology for those things that it can do well. 1973Sneath & Sokal Numerical Taxon. x. 432 Numerical phenetics and cladistics together can allow the measurement of rates and patterns of evolution. 1979Nature 16 Aug. 542/1 A thorough presentation of phylogenetics (‘cladistics’) is inappropriate, but we do wish to make some remarks. 1980Economist 29 Nov. 31/3 The museum insists that it has not adopted cladistics wholesale, but as one of many useful methods of taxonomy. 1982Times 11 Sept. 7/7 ‘Cladistics’ is a systematic method of classification adopted by some taxonomists. It implicitly assumes evolution by descent with modification, but it avoids statements about the speed or the mechanism of evolution.
Hence claˈdistically adv., in terms of cladistics; as regards cladistics or a cladistic relationship.
1965Systematic Zool. XIV. 79/1 The crocodilians are cladistically nearest to the birds. 1973Jrnl. Geol. LXXXI. 539/2 Two of the three clades were widely separated cladistically. 1974P. H. A. Sneath in Carlile & Skehel Evolution in Microbial World 23 The wide host range of some arboviruses implies that if genetic exchange with host genome does occur, some viruses could be cladistically part insect, part bird and part mammal. 1980Economist 29 Nov. 31/2 Cladistically speaking, the sequence of fossils on which the Natural History Museum's classic collections were based was outmoded. |