| 释义 |
clientelism, n. Polit. and Sociol.
Brit. |ˌklʌɪənˈtɛlɪz(ə)m|, U.S. |ˌklaɪənˈtɛlɪz(ə)m|
[‹ clientele n. + -ism suffix. Compare Italian clientelismo (1963), French clientélisme (1972), Spanish clientelismo (1980 or earlier). Compare earlier clientism n.]
A social or administrative system which depends upon relationships of patronage, favouritism, and self-interested exchange; a political culture which emphasizes or exploits such relationships; the practice of such relations.
1913Polit. Sci. Q. 28 340 The most helpful chapters..are those which deal with the important subject of ‘clientelism’, as fostered by an army of state servants, and with the personnel of the public service. 1961O. Key Public Opinion & Amer. Democracy 93 A bloc of opinion that is fed to an administrative agency characterized by a spirit of clientelism may trigger a decision formed in an entirely different constellation of standards and influences. 1970J. Cotler in I. L. Horowitz Masses in Lat. Amer. xii. 427 Although favoritism in the public administration is generalized all over the country..it undoubtedly loses its aspect of clientelism as the social environment presents a greater diversification and the social mobility of the population increases. 1984Listener 23 Feb. 11/2 Bagehot thought that the ‘age of discussion’..was vulnerable to the return of a sort of feudalism, or to the clientelism of Napoleon III's regime in France. 1996Independent 17 Jan. 15/1 [The] political culture is steeped in corruption and clientelism, and its economy is backward and undisciplined. |