| 释义 |
▪ I. clout, n.1|klaʊt|
Forms: 1 clút, 3 clut(e, 4– clout. (Also 4 north. clotes, 4–7 clowt(e, cloute, 5–6 clought, ? clot(t in comb., 6 clutte.)
[OE. clút; cf. 14th c. Icel. klútr ‘a kerchief’ (? not native), Sw. klut, Norw. and Da. klud clout, rag, tatter, shred. Ir. clud, cluid, Gael. clud, Welsh clwt are all from English (Rhŷs). The OE. points to an OTeut. *klûto-z, pre-Teut. type *glūˈdo-s from same root as clot, cleat (:—*gluˈdom, *ˈglaudom). The original sense would therefore be something like ‘lump, piece of stuff’; from an early period the word has been applied especially to a patch or piece of cloth, and so to a cloth (cloth 1–3) in a somewhat depreciatory sense. But sense 2 retains some of the original wider meaning, and relationship with cleat. It has been doubted whether sense 7 belongs to this word, though a parallel development of sense is found under clod.]
I. gen. Piece, patch, flat piece, shred.
1. A piece of cloth, leather, metal, etc., set on to mend anything; a patch. arch. and dial.
a700Epinal Gloss. 789 Pittacium, clut. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 350 Aȝens Cristis sentence, þei sewen an old cloute in newe cloiþ. c1440Promp. Parv. 84 Clowte of clothe, scrutum. Ibid. Clowte of a schoo, pictasium. 1563Mirr. Mag., Induct. xxxvii, Cloutes and patches pieced one by one. 1570Levins Manip. 228/32 The clout set on a garment or on a shoe, cento. 1719D'Urfey Pills (1872) III. 249 ‘Leather Bottel’ Out of the side you may cut a Clout, To mend your Shoe when worn out.
2. A plate of iron: esp. (in more recent use) one fixed on some part of a plough, on an axle-tree, or on a shoe, to prevent wear. [Cf. cleat 4.] Obs. exc. dial.
a1000Homilies (Thorpe) I. 424 (Bosw.) Isenan clutas hate glowende. 1483Cath. Angl. 69 A Clowte of yrne, crusta ferrea; vbi plate. 1485Inv. in Ripon Ch. Acts. 373, ij wayneclowtes & ij plogh clowtes. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §5 An axiltre clout, with viii. waincloutes of yren. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 36 Two ploughs..with ground cloutes and side clouts for soile that so tares. 1594R. C[arew] Godfrey of B. (1881) 21 Who yron wont to plowes and clots t' apply. 1714Fr. Bk. of Rates 76 Nails, Clouts, and other small Iron-Work, per 100 weight 00 12. a1825Forby, Clout, an iron plate on a shoe = Cleat. 1866Rogers Agric. & Prices I. xxi. 546 Clouts were thin and flat pieces of iron used to strengthen the box of the wheel.
†3. A small piece or shred produced by tearing or rending; in later use chiefly a shred of cloth, a rag (as in 4). Obs.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 367 Mony clustered clowde clef alle in clowtez, To-rent vch a rayn-ryfte. Ibid. B. 965 Clouen alle in lyttel cloutes þe clyffez. c1380Sir Ferumb. 4533 Al his hod [he] to taar to cloute. c1386Chaucer Merch. T. 709 Sche rent it al to cloutes. 1600Dekker Shoemaker's Holiday 65 Touch not a rag lest I and my brethren beat you to clowtes. a1625Fletcher Women Pleased v. i, All his louts Beat (as the proverb seemly says) to clouts.
II. spec. Piece of cloth, a cloth.
4. A piece of cloth (esp. a small or worthless piece, a ‘rag’); a cloth (esp. one put to mean uses, e.g. a dish-clout). arch. and dial.
a1225Ancr. R. 212 Þe deoflen schulen pleien mid ham..& dusten ase enne pilche-clut. c1275Death 68 in O.E. Misc. 172 Me nimeð þe licome and preoneð in a clut. c1400Mandeville xviii. 196 Þei gon all naked saf a lityll clout þat þei coueren with..hire membres. 1483Caxton G. de la Tour G j b, The clowte of the kechyn wherwith men wype dysshes and platers. 1531Elyot Gov. i. xxiii. (1883) I. 247 The good husbande..settethe up cloughtes..to feare away birdes. 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 79 Ye can geue me your blessyng in a clout. 1590Greene Never too late (1600) 98 Marrie her (my Sonne) and thou shalt haue my benizon in a clowte. Ibid. 114 If you match with mee, old Calena my mother hath that in a clowte that will doo vs both good. 1591G. Fletcher Russe Commw. (1857) 117 They use to go naked, save a clout about their middle. 1611Bible Jer. xxxviii. 12. c 1645 Howell Lett. (1650) I. 356 Money is welcome though it be in a dirty clout. 1760Sterne Tr. Shandy 159 Driven, like turkeys to market, with a stick and a red clout. 1887Hall Caine Son of Hagar ii. xvi, A pair of kid gloves that sat on his great hands like a clout on a pitch-fork.
b. Applied contemptuously to any article of clothing; in pl. clothes. (Cf. rag.) Still dial. and in proverb.
a1300Seven Sins 49 in E.E.P. (1862) 20 If he hauiþ an old clute he mai be swiþe prute, whar mid i-helid he sal be. c1485E.E. Misc. (Warton Club) 56 He had not left an holle clowt, Wherwith to hyde hys body abowte. 1563Homilies ii. Excess of Apparel (1859) 311 The poor labouring man..with a few beggarly clouts about him. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 458 The..Peysauntes spoyled the dead Carcasses, leaving them neyther shyrt nor clowte. Old Proverb, Till May be out Ne'er cast a clout. 1877Holderness Gloss., Female attire is denominated cloots occasionally, as, ‘get thy cloots on’.
†c. babe of clouts: a doll. Hence fig. man of clouts, king of clouts, etc.: a mere ‘doll’ in the garb of a man, a king, etc.; a ‘lay-figure’. Obs.
1467Mann. & Househ. Exp. (1841) 172 Ȝe sey I hame no beter than a man of klowetes. 1540R. Wisdome in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. App. cxv. 323 We have a lyving Christ, and not a Christ of clowts. 1594Lyly Moth. Bomb. v. iii, Silena, thou must..love him for thy husband. S. I had as liefe have one of clouts. 1595Shakes. John iii. iv. 58, I should forget my sonne, Or madly thinke a babe of clowts were he. 1639Fuller Holy War iv. xvii. (1840) 208 Babes of clouts are good enough to keep children from crying. 1655W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. v. §2. 447/2 The Idolater sweats before his God of clouts. 1660Bond Scut. Reg. 330 He is a Clout, no King, which cannot command. 1705Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 35 Y⊇ next King of Scotland is like to be King of Clouts. 1730Fielding Tom Thumb i. iii, Indeed a pretty king of clouts To truckle to her will.
d. Phrase. as pale or white as a clout.
1557Tottell's Misc. (Arb.) 233 No life I fele in fote nor hand, As pale as any clout. 1678Bunyan Pilgr. i. 166 At this, Littlefaith lookt as white as a Clout. 1722De Foe Moll Flanders (1840) 309, I turned as white as a clout. 1795Macneill Will & Jean ii, Ilk face as white 's a clout.
†e. to wash one's face in an ale clout: to get drunk. Obs.
1562Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 22 As sober as she seemth, fewe daies come about But she will onece wasshe hir face in an ale clout.
5. spec.
†a. pl. Swaddling clothes. Obs. or dial.
c1200Ormin 3327 Wiþþ clutess inn an cribbe. Ibid. 3320, i winndeclut. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 5199 Bethleem whare I was born And in clotes lapped and layd was In a cribbe. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 128/2 The chyld wrapped in poure clowtes lyeng. 1552Latimer Serm. Gospels ii. 154 He had neither cradell nor cloutes. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iv. 10 That we maye begin in a maner at the very swadlyng cloutes of the Chirche. c1645Howell Lett. (1650) I. 463 Hony soit qui mal y pense..being a metaphor taken from a child that hath bewrayed his clouts. 1677Grew Anat. Plants iv. iii. vii. §8 Membranes, in which the Seeds..lie swadled, as in so many fine Calico Clouts. 1826Scott Woodst. v, That band..looks like a baby's clout.
b. A handkerchief. Now dial. and slang.
c1380Sir Ferumb. 2747 Þe schrewes toke a clout..& byndeþ ys eȝene þar-wiþ about. c1440York Myst. xxxiv. 194 (Soldier to Mary) Go home, casbalde with þi clowte. c1690B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Clout, a Handkerchief. a1745Swift Wks. (1841) II. 58 Sobbing with his clout in hand. 1806C. K. Sharpe Corr. (1888) I. 264 The sedulous care with which his friends gave..clouts for his mouth and nose during his speech. 1873Slang Dict., Clout, or rag, a cotton pocket-handkerchief.
†c. A sail of a ship. Obs.
1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. iv. (1641) 34/1 As the Winde..Whirls with a whiff the sails of swelling clout. 1591Harington Orl. Fur. xxiii. x, He sayles apace, and claps on all his clouts. 1636Healey Theophrast., Timidity 86 When the Pilot gives the ship but a little clout.
†d. A piece of cloth containing a certain number of pins or needles. Obs.
†e. A measure of silk. Obs.
f. See quot. 1805. dial.
a1528Skelton Elynor Rummyng 564 A cloute of London pynnes. 1586Wills & Inv. N.C. (1860) 120, xx clouts of nedles, at 14d. a cloute. a1600Custom Duties (Add. MS. 25097), Cullen silke, the clowte containing iiijc...iijli. 1805Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 280 Five.. pocks are called a clout, and ten clout of nets are the quantity allowed to each fisherman who has only one share in the fishing.
†6. Archery. The mark shot at: see quot. 1868; also, ellipt., a shot that hits the mark. Obs.
1584Elderton New Yorksh. Song, Archers good to hit the cloute. 1586Marlowe 1st Pt. Tamburl. ii. iv, For kings are clouts that every man shoots at. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. i. 136. 1597 ― 2 Hen. IV, iii. ii. 51. 1625 B. Jonson Staple of N. Epil., Though the clout we do not always hit. 1678Robin Hood in Thoms Prose Rom. (1858) II. 113 Robin Hood..shot..with such dexterity..that his arrow entered into the clout and almost touched the black. 1820Scott Ivanhoe xiii, ‘A Hubert! a Hubert!’ shouted the populace..‘In the clout!—in the clout!’ 1868Furnivall Forewords to Babees Book ciii, Within 30 years they [Royal Archers, Edinburgh] shot at a square mark of canvas on a frame, and called ‘the Clout’; and an arrow striking the target is still called ‘a clout’.
III. 7. a. A heavy blow, esp. with the hand; a cuff. Cf. clod n. 11. Now dial. or vulgar.
a1400Isumbras 619 There was none..That he ne gafe hym swylke a clowte, etc. c1485Digby Myst. (1882) i. 208 For if I be alone I may sone gete a Clought. 1525Tale of Basyn 197 in Hazl. E.P.P. III. 52 Lette go the basyn, or thu shalle haue a clowte. 1724Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) I. 22 Did Sandy hear ye, Ye wadna miss to get a Clout. 1825in Forby. 1887Besant The World went v. 42 The gunner..found time to fetch me a clout on the head.
b. Personal or private influence; power of effective action, weight (esp. in political contexts). slang (orig. U.S.).
1958Chicago Sun-Times 14 Dec. 78 Defendants in Chicago, as in Los Angeles, are found innocent on the age old legal premise of ‘reasonable doubt’—not, as the judge insinuated, ‘reasonable clout’. 1964S. M. Miller in I. L. Horowitz New Sociol. 297 Negroes, then, are beginning to develop a political ‘clout’ which will give them the ability to demand and achieve services and help at both the federal and local levels. 1971Ink 12 June 5/2 France and other countries have large agricultural surpluses and farmers with electoral ‘clout’. 1973H. Kemelman Tuesday Rabbi saw Red (1977) xvii. 99 Why do you want to get tied in with a pay rise for teachers?.. The teachers ain't like the cops or the firemen. They're a bunch of rabbits, they got no clout. 1975Times Lit. Suppl. 12 Dec. 1490/5 The agent has one responsibility only—to his author. Depending on the clout of his client, he will be able to resist or minimize the prevailing erosion of authors' terms. 1979D. Halberstam Powers That Be (1980) ii. viii. 368 The paper gave Nixon enormous leverage and clout at home. 1981Times 9 Nov. 14 The merchant bank should have what the same finance director defines as reputation, and David Bucks describes as ‘clout’—enough clout with the financial institutions for instance, to arrange the underwriting for an issue.
IV.
8. Comb., as † clout-iron, iron for clouts (sense 2); † clout-leather, leather for mending shoes. (Here clot-, clott-, also occur.) See also clout-nail, -shoe.
1582Interrogatories in T. West Antiq. Furness (1774) App. viii, Certain *clott iron..for maintenance of their plowes.
c1450Merlin ii. 33 This cherl that hath bought hym so stronge shoone, and also *clowte lether. 1515Nottingham Corp. Archives No. 1387 p. 5 [Action against a cobbler for 7s.] pro clowtleder. c1550King & Barker 67 in Hazl. E.P.P. (1864) 7 Wolde he neuer bey of me clot lether to clowt with his schoyn. 1600Heywood 1st Pt. Edw. IV, iii. i. Wks. 1874 I. 39 Some, that have ne'er a shooe, had rather go barefoot than buy clout-leather to mend the old.
▪ II. clout, n.2 Obs. or dial.
[ME. clūte, perh.:—OE. *clúta or *clúte, corresp. to Du. kluit fem. clod, piece, MDu. clûte, MLG. and mod.LG. klûte m. f.:—OTeut. *klûton- or *klûtôn-; same root as prec.]
1. Clot of earth, clod.
a1250Owl & Night. 1165 Mid stave, and stoone, and turf, and clute, Þat þu ne miht nohwar atrute. 1887Parish & Shaw Kentish Dial., Clout, a clod, or lump of earth, in a ploughed field.
†2. pl. Clotted or clouted cream, cream curds.
c1430Cookery Bks. (1888) 47 Put þer-to creme, (& ȝif it be clowtys, draw it þorwe a straynoure). a1648Digby Closet Open. (1677) 111 To take the Clouts the more conveniently.
Comb. clout-crushed, crushed or pressed in the curd.
1599Nashe Lenten Stuffe (1871) 41 Their lordly Parmesan (so named of the city of Parma, in Italy, where it is first clout-crushed and made).
▪ III. clout, v. Now arch. or dial.|klaʊt|
Forms: 3 clutie, (4 clouȝt, ? pa. pple. clutte), 5 clute, (clowght), 4–6 cloute, 4–7 clowt(e, (6 clought), 5– clout.
[f. clout n.1 The pa. pple. ᵹeclútod occurred in OE.; NFris. has klütjan, to patch.]
I.
1. trans. To mend with a clout or patch; to patch (with cloth, leather, metal, etc.).
c1350Will. Palerne 14 Þe herd sat..Clouȝtand kyndely his schon. c1450Merlin ii. 33 A carl..hadde bought a payre of stronge shone, and also stronge lether to clowte hem with. 1499Promp. Parv. 84 (Pynson) Clout disshes, pottes, pannes, crusco. 1539Taverner Erasm. Prov. (1552) 33 Let the cobler medle with clowtynge his neyghbours shoes. c1645Howell Lett. (1688) III. 405 The Cobler will Clout it till Midnight..to give his Son Learning. 1724Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) I. 104 I'm come to clout her caldron. 1840Carlyle Heroes ii. (1858) 238 Visibly clouting his own cloak, cobbling his own shoes.
b. fig.
1413Lydg. Pilgr. Sowle ii. xliii. (1859) 49 They peruertyn holy Scripture by fals vnderstandynge..kouerynge..and cloutynge..the lawe of Crystes gospel. 1543Bale Course at the Romyshe Foxe 98 b (L.), He clowteth the old broken holes with patches of papistry. 1865Carlyle Fredk. Gt. I. iii. xvi. 240 Peace of Prag..Miserable Peace; bit of Chaos clouted up, and done over with Official varnish.
†2. To put in, on, or to by way of a patch; usually fig. Obs. Also absol. To add patches.
a1225Ancr. R. 256 Þet heo ne..clutie nanmore þerto. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 404 Or ellis [mot we] uncraftily cloute to wordes of Crist. 1481in Eng. Gilds 320 A brasen krocke..a pache clowted in the brim wt laten. 1576Gascoigne Compl. Philomene (Arb.) 119, I haue clouted a new patch to an olde sole. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 109 Unlesse some Phebus have clouted upon this Mydas head..the eares of some lolleared Asse.
3. To arm or protect with an iron plate or clout.
b. Also, to protect the soles of shoes with broad-headed nails, to stud with clout-nails.
c1394P. Pl. Crede 424 Wiþ his knopped schon clouted full þykke. 1502Privy Purse Exp. Eliz. York (1830) 61 Item for cloughting the same shoys iijd. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 36 Strong exeltred cart, that is clouted and shod. 1636Healey Theophrast. Rusticitie 18 This fellow..clowts his shooes with hob-nayles. 1649W. Blithe Eng. Improv. Impr. (1652) 207 Either not clouting at all, or else uneven rough clouting and plating your ploughs. 1675Cotton Poet. Wks. (1765) 233 [He] Bushes the Naves, clouts th' Axle-trees. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 300/1 Sparrow Bills..Nails to Clout Shooes withal.
fig.1628Earle Microcosm., Pl. Country Fellow (Arb.) 50 Some thriftie Hobnayle Prouerbes to Clout his discourse.
†4. fig. ‘To join awkwardly or coarsely together’ (J.); to patch clumsily or botch up. Obs.
c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 4 Anticristis lawe, cloutid of many is full of errors. 1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1684) I. 16/2 This argument..being clouted up in the third figure. 1602Warner Alb. Eng. ix. xlviii. (1612) 223 So, by what right or wrong so-eare, Spaine clouteth Crownes together.
5. To cover with a clout or cloth; also transf. to cover as with a cloth. arch.
1579[see clouted ppl. a.1 4]. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (1856) 2 A custome with many sheep-men to clowte their shearinges to hinder them from tuppinge. 1709Steele & Swift Tatler No. 68 ⁋4 He..showed a Leg clouted up. 1851Mayne Reid Scalp Hunt. xxix, The white flakes had clouted his [the horse's] throat.
†6. ? To wipe with a cloth. Obs.
1553Bale Gardiner's Obed. G j. a1792Sir J. Reynolds Journ. Flanders, etc. Wks. II. 383.
II.
7. To cuff heavily. Now dial. or vulgar.
c1314Guy Warw. (A.) 3709 So he gan his godes to cloute, Þat þe erþe dined aboute. c1410Sir Cleges 264, I schall the clowght. 1551Bible 2 Sam. xxii. 39 (R.), I wasted them and so clouted them that they coulde not aryse. c1645Howell Lett. (1655) ii. xliv, The late Queen of Spain took off one of her chapines, and clowted Olivarez about the noddle with it. c1665Mrs. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1846) 273 Let us clout them out of the field. 1784New Spectator XX. 4/2 Quarrelling and offering to ‘clout’ any body that opposed their opinion. 1869Blackmore Lorna D. xi. (ed. 12) 61, I longed to clout his ears for him.
8. To reap in a particular way; = bag v.2
1886Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) XXI. 574/2 A heavy smooth-edged sickle is used for ‘bagging’ or ‘clouting’,—an operation in which the hook is struck against the straw, the left hand being used to gather and carry along the cut swath. |