| 释义 |
simnel Now arch. or local.|ˈsɪmnəl|
Forms: 3–4 simenel(l, 5 syme-, symynel; 5–6 symnelle (5 -nylle), 5–7 -nell, 5–9 -nel; 6–7 simnell, 6– simnel; 5 cymnel, 7 -nell, 7–8 cimnel(l.
[a. OF. simenel, seminel, etc. (mod.F. dial. simnel), app. related in some way to L. simila or Gr. σεµίδᾱλις fine flour.
Med.L. simen-, siminellus, is merely an adaptation of the OF. or ME. word. L. simila is the direct source of OHG. simela, semala, etc. (MHG. simele, semele, G. semmel, with corresponding forms in LG., Du., Da., and Sw).]
1. A kind of bread or bun made of fine flour and prepared by boiling, sometimes with subsequent baking. Now chiefly Hist.
12..Liber de situ Ecclesiæ Belli in Dugdale Monast. (1821) III. 242 Constituens..panem regiæ mensæ aptum, qui simenel vulgo vocatur, habere pondere lx solidorum. c1290Fleta ii. ix. §1 Panis..de Symenel [ponderabit] minus Wastello de ij s[olidis], quia bis coctus erit. c1300Munim. Gildhallæ (Rolls) III. 411 Item, panis artocopi (i. simenel) ponderabit minus wastello per duos solidos.
c1300Havelok 779 For hom he brouthe fele siþe Wastels, simenels with þe horn. 14..Lat.-Eng. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 565 Artocopus, a symynel. c1440Promp. Parv. 77 Cymnel, brede, artocopus. 1464in Anstey Munim. Acad. (Rolls) II. 710 Panes vulgariter nuncupatos ‘Wygges’ et ‘Symnelles’. 1535Coverdale Ezek. xvi. 19 Thou didest eate nothinge but symnels, honny & oyle. 1584Cogan Haven Health (1636) 26 Cakes of all formes, Simnels, Cracknels, Buns, Wafers, and other things made of wheat flowre. 1608Willet Hexapla Exod. 663 Cakes tempered with oyle in the frying pan, and wafers boyled in water..like vnto our simnels. 1655Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 237 Others sod it [bread] in seam like fritters; others boild it in water like cimnels. 1725Fam. Dict. s.v., Having provided Simnels made of Water according to the size of your Dish, cut 'em in Halves as it were an Orange. 1783Gentl. Mag. LIII. ii. 578 Some things customary probably refer simply..to the idea of feasting... Of these, perhaps, are..cross-buns, saffron cakes, or symnels, in Passion week.., these being formerly at least unleavened. 1854N. & Q. 1st Ser. X. 393 Simnel. In the island of Jersey the name is still applied to a kind of thin biscuit made of the finest wheaten flour and water.
b. A rich currant cake, usually eaten on Mid-Lent Sunday in certain districts.
1648Herrick Hesper., To Dianeme, Ile to thee a Simnell bring, 'Gainst thou go'st a mothering. 1688Holme Armoury iii. 293/2 A Simnell, is a thick copped Cake, or Loaf made of white Bread, Knodden up with Saffron and Currans. 1841Hartshorne Salop. Ant. Gloss., Simnel, a plumb-cake having a raised crust for the exterior. 1851N. & Q. 1st Ser. III. 506 A rich sort of cake, consisting of a thick crust of saffron-bread filled with currants, citron, and all the usual ingredients of wedding-cake, which is called a simnel. 1872Hardwick Trad. Lanc. 76 The ‘simnels’ eaten on Mid-Lent, or ‘Mothering’ Sunday.
c. attrib., as simnel bread, simnel-cake; Simnel-Sunday, Mid-Lent, or Mothering Sunday. Also simnel-wise adj.
1674Blount, Simnel-bread,..bread made of fine meal of corn. 1711Hearne Collect. (O.H.S.) III. 134 A Noble Cake, made Simnel-wise. 1766Compl. Farmer s.v. Bread, We also meet with symnel bread manchet or roll bread, and French bread. 1819Scott Ivanhoe xiv, A quantity of rich pastry, as well as of the simnel-bread and wastle cakes. 1837Howitt Rur. Life vi. xvi. (1862) 590 In Lancashire and Cheshire they still eat Simnel-cake on Mid-lent Sunday. 1863Chambers Bk. of Days I. 336/1 A sort of rich and expensive cakes, which are called Simnel-cakes.
2. U.S. A variety of squash. Cf. simlin 1.
1648B. Plantagenet Descr. New Albion 25 Strawberries, Mulberries, Symnels, Maycocks and Horns like Cucumbers. 1705R. Beverley Virginia ii. §19 (1722) 124 The Clypeatæ are sometimes call'd Cymnels (as are some others also), from the Lenten Cake of that Name, which many of them very much resemble. |