| 释义 |
simulation|sɪmjʊˈleɪʃən|
Forms: 4–5 simil-, symylacioun (5 -acioune, -acion), 7 similation; 5–6 symulacion, -acyon (5 -acioun), 4–6 simulacion, 6– simulation.
[a. OF. simulacion, -ation (= Prov. and Sp. simulacion, It. simulazione), ad. L. simulātiōn-em, noun of action f. simulāre to simulate.]
1. a. The action or practice of simulating, with intent to deceive; false pretence, deceitful profession.
1340Ayenb. 23 And þerof wexeþ uele zennes, ase ariȝthalf; þet is to wytene: lozengerie, simulacion. c1400Rom. Rose 7230 He nys no full good champioun That dredith such similacioun. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy iv. 4504 Amonge hem silfe to bringe in tresoun, Feyned trouþe and symulacioun. 1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 170 He..did with mutual simulacion on his partie cover & kepe secrete the colorable dooyng of the saied feloe. 1577tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 319 This precept doth commaunde vs..that..wee doe our neighbor harme..neither by simulation nor dissimulation. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. (1632) 114 His nature relishing too much of the Punick craft and simulation. 1692South Serm. (1697) I. 525 A Deceiving by Actions, Gestures, or Behaviour, is called Simulation, or Hypocrisie. 1711Steele Tatler No. 213 ⁋1 Simulation is a Pretence of what is not, and Dissimulation a Concealment of what is. 1788Wesley Wks. (1872) VII. 43 Simulation is the seeming to be what we are not; dissimulation, the seeming not to be what we are. 1836Landor Pericles & Aspasia Wks. 1846 II. 379, I wish he were as pious as you are: occasionally he appears so. I attacked him on his simulation. 1872Shipley Gloss. Eccl. Terms 71 Fraud.., whether it consists in simulation or dissimulation.
b. Tendency to assume a form resembling that of something else; unconscious imitation.
1870March Anglo-Saxon Gram. 28 Simulation. The feigning a connection with words of similar sound is an important fact in English and other modern languages: asparagus > sparrow-grass.
2. A false assumption or display, a surface resemblance or imitation, of something.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 392 For als miche as it is done by symylacion of holynes, þe whiche is double wickidnes. 1471Caxton Recuyell (Sommer) II. 650 How Anthenor and Eneas..dyde hit vnder symylacion of peas. 1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 357/2 Woulde God they would ones rather folow him truely in faith & good workes, then in simulacion of like santytie. a1667Cowley Ess., Liberty, So by the artificial simulation of some virtues, he made a shift to ensnare some honest..persons. 1873Mivart Elem. Anat. 12 A solid partition or simulation of a notochord. 1876M. E. Braddon J. Haggard's Dau. I. 74 Miserly as the arrangements of the household were, it was kept up with a faint simulation of a gentleman's establishment.
3. The technique of imitating the behaviour of some situation or process (whether economic, military, mechanical, etc.) by means of a suitably analogous situation or apparatus, esp. for the purpose of study or personnel training. Freq. attrib.
1947Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers XCIV. iia. 117/1 The ensuing sections will..describe the simulations of the separate [servo] units. 1958Business Week 29 Nov. 76/3 Men began to raise questions..about their models of the real world. They did this by inventing games such as chess and checkers to simulate battle, games like back-gammon and Parcheesi to simulate racing. H. J. R. Murray, in his History of Board Games (Oxford, 1952), finds that such simulation games go back to the beginning of recorded history and are found in every culture. 1966A. Battersby Math. in Managem. vii. 159 Simulation enables a manager to study the system which he controls by imitating or ‘simulating’ its behaviour. 1972Computers & Humanities VII. 38 The application of computer simulation techniques to the modeling of archaeological situations is one of the newest developments in computer use in archaeology. 1978Nature 28 Sept. 305/1 Simulation studies on the towing of unprotected icebergs to southern continents suggest that the towing distance, ocean currents and the iceberg deterioration rate are of major importance. |