| 释义 |
▪ I. coat, n.|kəʊt|
Forms: 4–7 cote, (4 coete, 4–6 coot(e, kote, 6 cot, cott(e, cootte, Sc. coit), 6–7 coate, 7– coat.
[ME. cote, a. OF. cote (mod.F. cotte petticoat), corresp. to Pr., Sp., Pg. cota It. cotta, med.L. cotta, in text of 9th c. Beside this OF., Pr., Cat. had cot masc., med.L. cottus. The origin of the Romanic words is doubtful. OHG. had chozzo, choz masc., chozza fem., MHG. kotze m., Ger. kotze fem., a coarse shaggy woollen stuff, and a garment made of it, and OS. cot(t) ‘woollen cloak or coat’, which, though not found in the other Teut. langs., are on other grounds supposed to be native words, and the sources of the Romanic words: but the converse seems not impossible.]
I. A garment.
1. a. An outer garment worn by men; usually of cloth, with sleeves.
In olden times the name was sometimes given to a tunic or close-fitting garment coming no lower than the waist (cf. waistcoat); and it was especially applied to the close-fitting tunic which when armed constituted the coat of mail (sense 5), as in quots. c 1300, c 1475. In modern use, coat means a garment for the body with loose skirts descending below the waist.
c1300K. Alis. 2413 Ther was..mony bore thorugh the scheld. Ther was kut mony a kote. c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 152 A strayt cote ful streȝt..A mere mantile abof. c1386Chaucer Prol. 328 He rode but homely in a medlee cote. a1400–50Alexander 5471 Sum of seelis of þe see sendis to him cotes. c1475Partenay 4218 Such a stroke hym dalt ther vppon his cote ne had the hauberke smal mail be..ille hym had come. 1530Palsgr., Cote for a ladde, jacquette. 1532–3Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 13 Dublettes and sleuelesse cotes. a1572Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 74 Your cord and lowsie coit and sark. 1737Wesley Wks. (1872) I. 52 He was as black as your coat with the blows which they had given him. 1853Maurice Theol. Ess. v. 96 They may put on coats without collars and become stiff Anglicans. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Relig. Wks. II. 98 They never saw a poor man in a ragged coat inside a church.
b. With special qualifications in special senses, as black coat, dress coat, frock coat, great coat, red coat, etc.; see black, dress, etc.
2. a. A garment worn suspended from the waist by women or young children; a petticoat, a skirt. Usually in pl. = petticoats; also, the skirts of a dress. Obs. in literary lang., but widely used in dialects.
1393Gower Conf. II. 47 Her cote was somdel to-tore. a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 50 A cote and a smocke that ye gave to too pore women [Fr. une cotte et une chemise]. Ibid. 65 This woman had tenne diverse gownes and as mani cotes. 1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye 19, I haue shapen a cote to the quiene of heuen. 1596Harington Metam. Ajax (1814) 43 Not refusing russet coats. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. i. iii. 16. 1620 Shelton Quix. IV. vii. 54 Donna Rodriguez tuck'd up her Coats. 1654Whitlock Zootomia 341 For the Languages, or Philosophy, that Ingenious Gentlewoman at Utricht, may in her long Coates put some black coates to the Blush. 16..Locke (J.), A friend's younger son, a child in coats. 1741Richardson Pamela (1824) I. xx. 32, I had a pretty good camblet quilted coat. 1850L. Hunt Autobiog. I. iii. 104 A..gown, or body, with ample coats to it. 1865J. G. Bertram Harvest of Sea xv. (1873) 316, I have seen the women of Auchmittrie ‘kilt their coats’ and rush into the water in order to aid in shoving off the boats. 1883H. Watterson Oddities Southern Life 478 My wife..hoisted her coats and waded through. 1888Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk., Coats, petticoats.
b. Sometimes used for a woman's outer garment; esp. in mod. use, a stout buttoned overcoat.
1670Mrs. E. in Evelyn's Mem. (1857) IV. 20 Fitting my little niece with a mantle coat, bodice coat, petticoat narrow shoes and stockings. 1770–90D. Kilner Jemima Placid in Storehouse of Stories (1870) 236 All the rest of the ladies will wear either gauze frocks or silk coats full trimmed. 1889Draper's Sale Catalogue, Ladies' Long Cloth Coats, tight-fitting, tailor-made. Girls' Cloth Jackets, Coats, Ulsters, etc. 1890Mrs. Oliphant Janet I. ii, Her own hat put on and her coat buttoned to the throat.
3. Used to translate ancient words, L. tunica, Gr. χιτών (chiton), Heb. k'thōneth, kuttōneth. (The first two are now usually rendered tunic, or left untranslated.)
c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 43 Crist bad men sille þer cootis and bie hem swerdis. 1382― Gen. iii. 21 The Lord God forsothe made to Adam and his wijf lether cootes. ― Song Sol. v. 3, I [the Bride] spoilede me of my coote. c1400Mandeville ii. (1839) 9 The Cros of our Lord..and his Cote withouten Semes. c1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 654/31 Hec tunica, cote. 1534Tindale Matt. v. 40 And yf eny man will..take away thy coote, let hym haue thy cloocke also. 1611Bible Gen. xxxvii. 3 He made him a coat of many colours. 1844Newspapers, John Ronge, and the ‘Holy Coat’ of Treves.
4. Her. = coat of arms.
c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 637 Þe pen-tangel nwe He ber in schelde & cote. 1484Caxton Chivalry 68 A Cote is gyuen to a knyghte in sygnefyaunce of the grete trauaylles that a knyght must suffre for to honoure chyualrye. 1598Shakes. Merry W. i. i. 17 They may giue the dozen white Luces in their Coate. 1663Gerbier Counsel F j a, Whose Coat was three Toades, Sable field Or. 1671Shadwell Humourists iii. Wks. 1720 I. 172 The Coat of our Family, which is an Ass rampant. 1863Mrs. C. Clarke Shaks. Char. xix. 477 He sued for the privilege of his heraldic coat.
fig.1597Shakes. Lover's Compl. 236 She was sought by spirits of ritchest cote.
5. coat of mail: a piece of defensive armour covering the upper part of the body, composed of a linen or leathern jacket, quilted with interlaced rings or overlapping plates of steel. (See mail.) So † coat of fence (obs.).[See c 1300, c 1475 in sense 1.] c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon iv. 117 They wered alwayes theyr cote of mayle all rousty vpon theyr doubelettes. 1563Foxe A. & M. 859 b, A dronken Flemminge..put on a coate of fence. 1598R. Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. ii. iv. (1622) 37 The Germans had neither coat of fence nor helmet. 1611Bible 1 Sam. xvii. 5 He was armed with a coate of male. 1782Priestley Corrupt. Chr. II. ix. 211 Dominic..had next to his skin an iron coat of mail. 1813Scott Trierm. ii. xxiv, Gay shields were cleft..And steel coats riven.
†6. Garb as indicating profession (e.g. clerical); hence, profession, class, order, sort, party; chiefly in such phrases as a man of his coat, one of their own coat, etc. Very common in 17th c. (Cf. cloth 14, 15.) Obs.
1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. July 162 This [Moses] had a brother, the first of all his cote. 1600Holland Livy vi. xxx. 238 The Tribunes Militarie..were so..reverenced among those of their owne coat and faction [inter suos]. 1647May Hist. Parl. i. iii. 28 The Archbishop of Canterbury..a man..of a disposition too fierce and cruel for his Coat. 1651Reliq. Wotton. 102 A doctor of Physic being returned one of the burgesses, Which was not ordinary in any of his coat. 1686Catholic Representer ii. 60 Reports..carried about..by Men of all Coats. a1711Ken Lett. Wks. (1838) 19. 1774 Burke Corr. (1844) I. 483, I know no man of his coat who would fall in so well with you.
II. A covering compared to a garment.
7. transf. A natural covering or integument.
a. An animal's covering of hair, fur, wool, feathers, etc.; rarely the skin or hide.
1393Gower Conf. I. 143 When he [Nebuchadnezzar] beheld his cote of heres. c1449Pecock Repr. i. xvi. 86 Accorde to gidere..as doggis doon..whanne ech of hem terith otheris coot. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 118 Reward not thy sheepe (when ye take off his cote) with twitches and patches. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. ii. i. 37 Such groanes That their discharge did stretch his [a stag's] leatherne coat Almost to bursting. a1613Overbury Characters (N.), His life is like a hawkes, the best part mewed; and if he live till three coates is a master. 1667Milton P.L. vii. 406 Fish..sporting with quick glance Show to the Sun thir wav'd coats dropt with Gold. 1681W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 342 A Hawk of the first coat, accipiter bimus; of the second coat, trimus. 1845Ford Handbk. Spain i. 44 The mules..have their coats closely shorn.
b. Phys. A membrane or other structure investing or lining an organ of an animal body (as the arachnoid coat of the brain, the choroid coat of the eye), or forming one of the layers of which the walls of a hollow organ or vessel consist (as the coats of the stomach, of the arteries).
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurgie 26 Þe toþer arterie..haþ two cootis, bi cause þat oon myȝt not aȝenstonde þe strenkþe of þe spiritis. 1679Plot Staffordsh. (1686) 290 The coats of the stomack. 1767Gooch Treat. Wounds I. 84 The three coats of an artery are wounded. 1831Brewster Optics xxxv. 286 The eyeball..consists of four coats or membranes.
c. A structure forming the integument of some part of a plant, or anything similar; as the skin, rind, husk, etc., of a fruit or seed; † the rind of cheese (obs.); the layers of a bulb, as an onion; the similar layers of a precious stone, as an agate; the annual layers of wood in exogenous trees, etc.
1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 44 Eche coate of his..set in the Gardaine or otherwhere will soone come vp. 1597Thynne in Animadv. (1865) Introd. 100 The swete chestnute is covered with a..rooffe coote. 1671Grew Anat. Plants i. i. §8 The Coats of the Bean being stripp'd off, the proper seed shews it self. 1740Cheyne Regimen 195 The concave Surfaces that make a Globe (as the Coats of an Onion). 1796H. Glasse Cookery ii. 15 Cheese is to be chosen by its moist and smooth coat. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 570 On that side the annual coats of wood are thinner. 1875Dawson Dawn of Life v. 95 Bands of differently coloured materials deposited in succession, like the coats of an onyx agate.
8. Naut. A piece of tarred canvas or tarpaulin nailed round the mast, bowsprit, or pumps, where they enter the deck, or round the hole in which the rudder traverses, to keep the water out.
1626Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 12 Coates..for all masts and yeards. 1726G. Shelvocke Voy. round World (1757) 4 The helm coat was washed away. 1729Capt. W. Wriglesworth MS. Log-bk. of the ‘Lyell’ 22 Sept., Took in new Coats for the Helm and Pumps. 1800Naval Chron. III. 299 He found..the main-mast's coat..in flames.
9. A layer of any substance, such as paint, tar, plaster, etc., covering a surface; spec. so much as is laid on at one time; a coating.
1663Gerbier Counsel 80 With Coate of Lime and haire..and a Coate of fine playster. 1727Swift Gulliver iii. iii. 193 Over all is a coat of rich mould. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789) M ii b, Give her a good coat of tar. 1799Med. Jrnl. I. 477 The tongue is usually dry; a coat or covering forms upon it. 1871Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (ed. 6) I. iii. 92 The coat of varnish which surrounded every particle. Mod. All external woodwork to receive three coats of paint.
10. fig. Anything that covers, invests, or conceals.
c1611Chapman Iliad iii. 60 Cowardice..for which thou well deserv'st A coat of tombstone [i.e. a stoning]. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. 20 Heaven's Star-embroidered Coat. 1771Johnson Falkland's Isl. Wks. X. 67 He walks..in a coat of darkness. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. §20. 138 The mountain..with its crest of crag and coat of snows.
III. Elliptical uses, phrases, etc.
†11. Short for coat-card. Obs.
1589Nashe Martins Months Minde To Rdr., Euerie coate and sute are sorted in their degree. 1599Massinger, etc. Old Law iii. i, Here's a trick of discarded cards of us! We were ranked with coats as long as old master lived. 1630B. Jonson New Inn i. i, When she is pleas'd to trick or tromp mankind, Some may be coats, as in the cards; but, then, Some must be knaves.
†12. Short for coat-money. Obs.
[1512in Rymer Fœdera (1710) XIII. 327 He shall also Receyve for the Coote of every Capitaine and Souldeor foure Shillings.] 1626Ld. Conway Vind. Dk. Buckhm. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) I. 232 Warrants..for the levying of Men, and for Coats and Conduct-Money. c1630Scotch Acts Chas. I (1814) V. 245 (Jam.) Subsideis, fyftenes, tents, coats, taxatiouns or tallages. 1644Milton Areop. (Arb.) 73 He who takes up armes for cote and conduct, and his four nobles of Danegelt. 1721Strype Eccl. Mem. II. i. xxi. 178 For coat and conduct, 6446. 12. 2.
13. Proverbs and Phrases. † to baste (pay, etc.) his coat: to beat him. † to be in any one's coat: to be in his place, ‘stand in his shoes’. to cut the coat according to the cloth: see cloth n., cut v. to trail one's coat: see trail v.1 1. † to turn one's coat: to change or abandon one's principles, desert one's party, apostatize (cf. turncoat). to wear the king's coat: to serve as a soldier. And others: see quots.
1530Palsgr. 498/2, I coyle ones kote, I beate hym. 1539Taverner Erasm. Prov. 15 The Englyshe prouerbe sayethe thus: nere is my cote, but nerer is my shyrt. 1549in P. F. Tytler Eng. under Edw. VI (1839) I. 171, I would not be in some of their coats for five marks. a1569A. Kingsmill Man's Est. vi. (1580) 31 It is but vaine to saie this, If I had been in Adam's coate. 1576Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 107/2 We shall see these backesliders, which knowe the Gospell, reuolt & turne their cotes. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. iv. i. 33, I would not be in some of your coats for two pence. 1636Henshaw Horæ Sub. 72 His charity begins at home, and there it ends: neare is his coat, but neerer is his skin. 1665Pepys Diary 10 Apr., He desired me that I would baste his coate. 1667Ibid. 22 July, I wish he had paid this fellow's coat well. 1883Stevenson Treasure Isl. iv. xxi. (1886) 166, I thought you had worn the king's coat!
14. attrib. and Comb.
a. attributive, as coat-collar, coat-cuff, coat-flap, coat-pocket, coat-pouch, coat-rack, coat-room (U.S.), coat-skirt, coat-sleeve;
b. objective, as coat-seller, coat-turning (see 13).
c. Special combinations: coat and skirt, a two-piece costume; also attrib. (with hyphens); coat-arms n. pl. = coat-armour, arms (see arm n.2 14); † coat-deblazoning ppl. a., ? blazoning arms; coat-dress, a tailored dress resembling a coat; coat-facing, material of a kind different from the cloth of the coat and used as a facing; † coat-feathers, ‘the small or body feathers’ (Nares); coat-frock = coat-dress; coat-hanger, a piece of wood, metal, or plastic on which a coat or dress may be hung, curved so as to fit the shoulders of the garment and having a hook by which it may be suspended in a wardrobe or elsewhere; also transf.; coat-link, a pair of buttons joined by a short link, or a button with a loop, for holding together the lappets of a coat; † coat-plight, a ‘plight’ or fold of a coat; coat-tack (Naut.), a tack or nail for fastening the coats (see 8). See also coat-armour, etc.
1895Army & Navy Co-op. Soc. Price List 1234 Costumes... Plain Serge *Coat and Skirt. 1906Daily Chron. 24 Sept. 8/1 Those useful coat-and-skirt costumes. 1908‘Ian Hay’ Right Stuff ii. xi. 212 I'm afraid she found my clothes rather overpowering, though I'd only a coat and skirt on. 1930Times 11 Sept. 13/6 A coat and skirt in brown velveteen.
1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vii. v. (1632) 212 The *coat-armes of the parties empaled. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. x. 248 The proper cognizances and coatarmes of the Tribes. 1829K. Digby Broadst. Hon. I. 89 Supposing that tournaments..and coat-arms, and aristocratic institutions are essential to chivalry.
1833Chambers's Edin. Jrnl. II. 195/3 The back rim [of his hat] is turned up by coming in contact with his *coat collar. 1860Holland Miss Gilbert's Career viii. 132 A young man that..keeps the dander all off his coat-collar. 1909‘O. Henry’ Roads of Destiny ii. 38 Mr. Robert..turned his coat collar up about his neck and ears.
1846J. J. Hooper Adv. Simon Suggs (1851) iv. 42 Note..the snowy spotlessness of the linen exposed by the turn up of his *coat-cuff.
1640Yorke's Union Hon. Commend. Verses, Those *Coat-deblaz'ning Windowes.
1915in C. W. Cunnington Eng. Women's Clothing (1952) iv. 130 The *coat-dress has an assured future.
1900Westm. Gaz. 9 Sept. 3/2 Velvet is conspicuous as a *coat facing in some of the newest models.
1585J. Higgins tr. Junius' Nomenclator (N.), Pennæ vestitrices..καλυπτῆρες. The lesser feathers which covered the birds: their *cote fethers.
1833H. Martineau Tale of Tyne ii. 31 A torn *coat-flap.
1917in C. W. Cunnington Eng. Women's Clothing (1952) iv. 138 Every woman is wearing a *coat-frock. 1923Harmsworth Househ. Encycl. II. 956/3 Coat frock. This is a one-piece dress, usually made of some thick material suitable for wearing out of doors. 1936N. Coward Fumed Oak in Tonight at 8:30 38 She wears a nondescript coat-frock. 1959Sunday Express 27 Sept. 14/5 A tailored dress? You mean more of a coat-frock, don't you?
1895Montgomery Ward Catal. 439/1 *Coat Hangers. 1908Daily Chron. 26 Feb. 8/5 Most women have six or seven coat-hangers in their closets. 1962Engineering 2 Mar. 297 Much use has been made throughout both buildings of the precast vault with its integral ‘coat hanger’ beam.
1565Golding Ovid's Met. v. (1593) 107 Persey so warely did it shun, As that it in his *cote⁓plights hung.
1722De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 47 [He] slipt it into his *coat-pocket.
1825Blackw. Mag. XVII. 384 What's that in your *coat-pouch?
1919H. Walpole Secret City iii. xv. 435 No young man likes to be discovered hidden behind a *coat-rack, however honest his original intentions! 1952S. Kauffmann Philanderer (1953) v. 84 He glanced quickly at the coat-rack.
1870De B. R. Keim Sheridan's Troopers i. 10 [He] made his appearance through the window looking into the *coat-room. 1935A. Squire Sing Sing Doctor xiv. 209 They pass first through a small vestibule flanked by a coat room.
1705Lond. Gaz. No. 4092/4 Hugh Gronouse and John James, of London, *Coatsellers.
1851D. Jerrold St. Giles xvii. 174 He felt something pulling at his *coat-skirt.
1840Dickens Old C. Shop xxxvii, Mr. Codlin rubbed the bridge of his nose with his *coat-sleeve.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., *Coat⁓tacks, the peculiar nails with which the mast coats are fastened.
1888Sat. Rev. 3 Nov. 529/2 Anything in the way of recantation, *coat-turning, word-eating.
▪ II. coat, v.|kəʊt|
[f. coat n. q.v. for forms.]
1. trans. To provide with a coat; to clothe in a coat; to dress, clothe.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. iii. 138 Heo Copeþ þe Comissarie and Coteþ þe Clerkes. 1587Golding De Mornay xxiii. (1617) 377 That their Images should be well painted, and wel coated. 1602Warner Alb. Eng. ix. liii. (1612) 238 Scarse will their Studies stipend them, their wiues, and Children cote. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 192 Nurses..erre while they too soon Coat feebler Infants. 1798Southey Lyric P., Compl. Poor, We were wrapt and coated well.
fig.1599H. Holland Wks. R. Greenham Ep. Ded., One of which [books] coated and attired (in the best manner that I can)..here I doe..humbly present. 1823Lamb Elia Ser. i. ii. (1865) 15, I longed to new coat him in russia.
2. To cover with a surface layer or coating (or with successive layers) of any substance, as paint, tar, tinfoil, etc.; also predicated of the substance covering the surface.
1753Franklin Lett. Wks. 1840 V. 299 Leaf tin..is best to coat them [electrical jars] with. 1776G. Semple Building in Water 83 The Dutch preserve their..Sluices, etc. by coating them over with a mixture of Pitch and Tar. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. 124 The granite was now coated with lichens. 1860Tennent Story Guns (1864) 227 The idea of coating ships with armour. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 65 Layers of ice..coating a white snowy central mass.
†3. To place in one's coat of arms; to assume as a heraldic bearing. Obs.
1663Gerbier Counsel E viij b, Constantine the great did Coat a double-headed-Aigle.
▪ III. coat
obs. form of cote, quote. |