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commandery, commandry|kəˈmɑːndərɪ, -æ-, -ˈɑːndrɪ, -æ-|
Also 6–7 -drie, 7 -erie, 6–8 -arie, -ary.
[In its original sense a. F. commanderie, commenderie, med.L. commendāria (f. commenda, F. commende) benefice given in commendam, i.e. into charge or trust. But it has subsequently been associated with commander in the sense of ‘one who commands or orders’.]
†1. An ecclesiastical or other benefice held in commendam. Obs.
1536in Stat. Irel. (R. Bolton, 1621) 121 (28 Hen. VIII.) Appertayning to any Archbishopricke..Commaundry..or to any other benefice. 1577–87Holinshed Scot. Chron. (1806) II. 103 Besides his bishoprike, he held in his hands the commandarie of the abbeie of Pettinweme. 1661T. S[tephens] Procurations 37 The Bishop of Meth..had a Proxie of 15s. 4d. payable yearly out of the Commandery of Kells. 1708Motteux Rabelais v. v. (1737) 16 They have a great number of rich Commanderies (fat Livings). 1807W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. V. 171 In 1775, his uncle the Archbishop of Parlermo, bestowed on him a rich commandery.
2. esp. in Hist. A landed estate or manor, or group of manors, belonging to an Order of Knights, and placed under the charge of a member of the order (with title of commendator, commander 3): see quot. 1858, which shows how this passed into b, the manors coming to be at length treated as prebends of the commanders, or of the local society of the order under them, to which also the name commandry is sometimes applied.
Originally used in the Order of Knights of St. John of Jerusalem (Knights Hospitallers, Knights of Rhodes, or of Malta), whose extensive possessions, extending over nearly all European countries, were divided first into priorates, these again into bailiwicks, and these into commendæ or commanderies; but also used in the Order of Teutonic Knights, etc.; the corresponding terms with the Knights Templars were preceptor and preceptory. The possessions of the Knights of St. John in England, to which all our early quots. refer, were seized as crown-property in 1540.
1534Act 26 Hen. VIII, c. 3 §24 Appoynted to the dignitie of the said prior of sanct Johns of Hierusalem in Englande, or to any commaundry apperteinyng vnto the same. 1540Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 24 The Kings Maiesty, his heires and Successors, shall haue and enioy all that Hospitall..being neere to the City of London..called the house of Saint Johns of Jerusalem in England, and all and singular..commandries, preceptories &c. which appertained..to the priours..within any the Kings Dominions. 1607J. Cowell Interpr., Commaundrie was a..maner..belonging to the Priorie of S. Johns in Hierusalem in England. 1743–5R. Pococke Trav. (1888) 53 Temple Newton, formerly a commanderie of the Knights Templars. 1820Scott Ivanhoe xxxv, The Preceptories of the Templars, as well as the Commanderies of the Knights Hospitallers. 1838Penny Cycl. XII. 317 Upon many of their manors and estates in the country the Knights Hospitallers placed small societies of their brethren under the government of a commander..Such societies were called Commanderies. 1858W. Porter Hist. Knts. Malta I. ii. (L.), Eventually, a nomination to a commandery came to be considered in the light of a legal acquisition, subject only to the payment of a certain amount of annual tribute to the public treasury.
b. In later use: A benefice or pension attached to a commandership of a knightly order.
1700tr. De Vertot's Revol. Portugal (1721) 71 Dazled with the Prospect of the vast Sum which was offer'd, besides a Commandry of the Order of Christ. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) I. 109 One privilege of the companions is, that they are preferred to other persons in the nomination to commanderies, each of which is worth five hundred guilders. 1837Penny Cycl. VII. 397/2 The name of Commandery in the order of St. Louis was given to the pension which the king of France formerly assigned to twenty-four commanders of that order, of whom eight received 4000, and sixteen 3000 livres each. 1866Motley Dutch Rep. ii. i. 131.
c. Also applied to a conventual priory of a non-military religious order.
1554Act 1 & 2 Philip & M. c. 8 §34 Sundry late Monasteries, Priories, Commandries, Nunneries..and other Religious and Ecclesiastical Houses and Places. 1639Fuller Holy War iv. xii. (1647) 189 In their severall Covents and Commandries ouer all Europe. 1737–51Chambers Cycl. s.v., There are also commandries for the religious in the orders of S. Bernard and S. Antony. 1848J. Grant Adv. Aide-de-camp xix, The abbess, deeming her ‘commandery’ disgraced by our clatter..procured a guard of sbirri from the bishop of Cosenza. 1890(title), Annals of the Hospital of S. Wulstan, or the Commandery, in the city of Worcester.
d. Sometimes (like abbey, priory, etc.) applied to the buildings; in some cases, as at Worcester, the house continues to bear the name.
1712Lond. Gaz. No. 5015/2 His Body was buried..in the Abby of St. John, which is a Commandry of the Order of Malta. 1769De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. II. 332 Worcester, The Commandery here..is a fine old House of Timber, in the Form of a Court. 1862T. A. Trollope Lenten Journey xvii. 289 The building in question was once a commandery of the Templars. 1867Murray's Handb. Worcest. 98 The Commandry..was rebuilt temp. Hen. VIII.
e. Adopted as the name for a local branch or ‘lodge’ of a secret order, as the American order of so-called ‘Knights Templars’.
3. The position, or rank of a Commander in an order of Knighthood. (Sometimes including 2 b.)
1611Cotgr., Commanderie, a commaunderie, or commaundership; the place or office of a Commaunder (of one of the Orders). 1800Nelson 5 June in Nicolas Disp., Sir Thomas Troubridge has a pension of {pstlg}500 a-year settled on him, and Commandery of the order of St. Ferdinand.
†4. The office of a military or other commander; commandership, command. Obs.
1598R. Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. xi. x. (1622) 153 To transfer the whole commandery of the souldiers..vnto some one of his Freed-men. 1621Bp. R. Montagu Diatribæ 250 Both in Commandry and Castrametation. 1630R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. 81 The usurpation of chiefe commandery.
†5. A district under a commander, a seignory.
a1641Bp. R. Montagu A. & M. 248 To goe about it instantly in their severall Commanderies of Jeury and Galile. 1658Ussher Ann. vi. 104 The Seignories or Commanderies. 1813Hobhouse Journey 160 The Porte..divided the country into several small pashaliks and commanderies.
†6. ? Command, order. (cf. commendatory.)
1722De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 308 This was within the letter of the [Spanish] king's commanderie, or precept. |