| 释义 |
compulsory, a. and n.|kəmˈpʌlsərɪ|
Also 6–8 -ary.
[f. L. type *compulsōri-us, f. compulsor a compeller, agent-n. f. compellĕre: see -ory.]
A. adj.
1. a. Depending on or produced by compulsion; compelled, forced, enforced, obligatory. In special collocations, as compulsory education, compulsory games.
1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 482 b, Of compulsary single life. a1626Bacon Max. & Uses Com. Law i. 2 The not giving counsell was compulsary. 1764Burn Poor Laws 187 This author argues against the compulsory method of relief. 1861Rep. Comm. State of Pop. Educ. Eng. I. i. vi. 300 The possibility of establishing a system of compulsory education in this country has been brought before us. Ibid., Those systems of compulsory education by the State which are now established in Prussia and in other parts of Germany. 1862C. Stretton Chequered Life II. 5 It was compulsory on me to pass his house. 1874Green Short Hist. viii. 549 The bondage of compulsory worship. 1881O. Seaman in C. E. Pascoe Everyday Life in our Public Schools 155 The school game of Shrewsbury..is football. There are four or five compulsory games a week,..from which Sixth Form and those who have medical certificates of weak health are excused. 1905H. A. Vachell Hill ii. 27 You'll have to play the compulsory games..but I want to see you playing..in the house-games. 1918L. Strachey Eminent Victorians 212 The modern reader of Tom Brown's Schooldays searches in vain for any reference to compulsory games. 1960C. Day Lewis Buried Day vi. 126 There is something to be said against compulsory games... But..I am glad I was made to play them.
b. Of an agent: Acting under compulsion; compelled; involuntary.
1806–7J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) iv. xxxii, Being a compulsory spectator and auditor of a brawling..match. 1836Hor. Smith Tin Trump. (1876) 255 The spontaneous evidence of a compulsory principal.
2. Involving or exercising compulsion; compelling, coercive.
† compulsory letters (med.L. litteræ compulsatoriæ, F. lettres de compulsoire): letters issued to compel the production of documents or appearance of witnesses. compulsory purchase: see purchase n. 6 c.
1631Star Chamb. Cases (Camden Soc.) 8 To send for him..in a compulsory way when he was neere, and might be sent for in a friendly, was somewhat hard. 1685H. Consett Pract. Spirit. Courts 109 The manner of bringing in Letters Compulsaries, against the Witnesses. 1699Burnet 39 Art. xiv. (1700) 135 He was as much bound, as if there had been an outward compulsory Law lying upon him. 1789Constit. U.S. Amendm. 6 The right..to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor. 1839W. Irving Wolfert's R. (1855) 131 These compulsory measures for a short time gave a false credit to the bank.
B. n. A compulsory agency or means; a legal mandate compelling obedience.
1516Fabyan vii. ccxxxvii. 275 Whan he sawe yt he myght not reconsyle them by fayre meanys, he than vsed compulsares. 1591Lambarde Arch. (1635) 158 Witnesses; against whom the manner was to award compulsaries for their appearance. 1653Urquhart Rabelais i. v, A gammon of bacon: it is the compulsory of drinkers. 1694Falle Jersey v. 154 They shall be convened into Court by Mandate, paying double Charges for the Compulsory. 1764Burn Poor Laws 140 There was a compulsary laid upon men, for the relief of the poor..to wit, the statute of the 43 Eliz. c. 2, being the first compulsary law..of that kind.
▸ Diving, Figure-skating, and Gymnastics. A performance or routine consisting of a set of required moves or elements, as opposed to one in which the choice of moves lies with the performer (cf. optional n. 2, free skating n. at free adj. and n. and adv. Special uses 2); a round of a competition consisting of such routines. Freq. in pl.
1926N.Y. Times 24 Mar. 19/6 Fancy Diving (three compulsories, two optionals)—Won by Miss Esther Foley, N.Y.U. 1960Olympic Games 1960 106 (caption) He places second in the compulsory but is unbeatable in the free skating. 1961Dict. Amer. Sports 390 Set (gymnastics), a routine that is arranged in advance and which is required of all performers. Also, required routine; required set; compulsory. 1978Washington Post 21 May d7/3 Compulsories in eight events are scheduled for Thursday... Optionals are Friday. 1998J. Woolum Outstanding Women Athletes (ed. 2) iii. 79 Practicing the compulsories was tedious work; she much preferred free-skating.
▸ compulsory purchase annuity n. Brit. Finance an annuity that must be purchased with the accumulated proceeds of saving in certain types of pension scheme; cf. purchased life annuity n. at purchased adj. Special uses.
1982Financial Times 26 Aug. 16/4 A doubling in conventional single premium business from {pstlg}4.15m to {pstlg}8.25m, backed by a new successful income plan and good *compulsory purchase annuity business. 2006Money Managem. (Nexis) 1 Feb. There are two main forms of annuities: compulsory purchase annuities (CPA) and purchased life annuities (PLA). The distinctions lie in the tax treatment of each, and in the fact that CPAs are purchased with the proceeds of pension funds. |