| 释义 |
concourse|ˈkɒnkɔəs, ˈkɒŋ-|
Also 4–5 -cours, -curs, 6–7 -curse.
[ME. concours, a. OF. concours, concoers (= It. concorso):—L. concurs-um (4th decl.) running together, f. ppl. stem of L. concurrĕre: see concur. The forms concurs in Wyclif and concurse in 16–17th c. were prob. formed directly from the L., or assimilated thereto. Formerly accented conˈcourse; still so in Milton; cf. discourse, recourse.]
1. a. The running or flocking together of people; the condition or state of being so gathered together. † to have concourse: to resort in crowds to, unto.
1382Wyclif Acts xxiv. 12 Makinge concurs [1388 concours], or rennyng to gidere, of the cumpany of peple. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. vii. (1520) 81 b/2 There was so myghty concours of people. 1555Eden Decades i. ix. 45 They haue religious concourse to these caues, as wee are accustomed to goo on Pylgramage to Rome. 1558Abp. Parker Corr. 51 That I be not entangled now of new with the concurse of the world. 1596Bell Surv. Popery i. iv. v. 131 Learned men of all nations had concourse unto him. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 133 Riga, a citty of great concourse. 1611Bible Prov. i. 21 Shee crieth in the chiefe place of concourse. 1642Jer. Taylor Episc. (1647) 380 Then was a concurse of all Nations to the Christian Synaxes. 1748Butler Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 307 Neglected, in the hurry and concourse around them. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. III. 201 The main body is..increased by the accidental concourse of idle or dependent plebeians.
†b. Hostile encounter or onset. Obs.
1557Paynel Barclay's Jugurth 77 The other Numidyens at the first brunt, concourse or assaut wer put to flyght. 1600Holland Livy vii. xxvi. 267 Between the formost, whose concurse had raised others, there was a sharpe conflict. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 641 Concours in Arms, fierce Faces threatning Warr.
2. An assemblage of people; a crowd, throng.
c1440Gesta Rom. xxxix. 157 (Harl. MS.) Þer was in the same cite a concurs of peple, by cause of a gret feyr. 1494Fabyan I. cxxxii. (R.), For this myracle great concourse of people yerely..commith with great deuocion. 1616Bullokar, Concourse, a great assembly. 1636Healey Cebes 106 A gate, about the which was a great concourse of people drawne. 1791Cowper Odyss. ii. 16 The whole admiring concourse gazed on him. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. II. iii. lxxiii. 598 Conventions..are not casual concourses, but consist of persons duly elected.
3. a. The running, flowing together, or meeting of things (material or immaterial); confluence.
fortuitous concourse of atoms: a phrase applied after Cicero (cf. N.D. i. xxiv. 66 ‘concursus fortuitus’) to the action whereby according to the atomic theory of Leucippus and Democritus the universe came into being.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xii. v. (1495) 413 Some byholde concourse and metynge of dewes. 1570Dee Math. Pref. 23 Of the..concurse, diuerse collation, and Application of these Harmonies. 1604T. Wright Passions i. ix. 34 The Passions principally reside in the hearte, as wee perceyve by the concourse of humours thereunto. 1677Hale Prim. Orig. Man. i. i. 26 The coalition of the good frame of the Universe was not the product of chance, or fortuitous concourse of particles of matter. 1692Bentley Boyle Lect. ii. 42 The fortuitous concourse of Atoms. 1864Bowen Logic xii. (1870) 384 The mere fortuitous concourse of atoms, in the lapse of a past eternity.
†b. Conjunction: esp. in Astrol.
1578Chr. Prayers in Priv. Prayers (1851) 534 Pestilent concourses of the heavenly lights. 1585Greene Apol. Astron. Wks. 1882 V. 23 Of the concurse of Venus and Mars. 1633Gellibrand in T. James Voy. sign. R, We haue the Concurse of quicke pac'd inferiour Planets, with superiour slow ones.
†c. Conjunction of times or circumstances. Obs.
1642Jer. Taylor Episc. (1647) 21 By the concurse of story, place, and time, Diotrephes was the Man S. Iohn cheifly pointed at. 1667Boyle Orig. Formes & Qual., By a lucky concourse of other circumstances. a1797H. Walpole Mem. Geo. III (1845) II. i. 32 It once more fell into our hands by a concourse of ridiculous circumstances.
4. An assemblage of things brought together.
a1628Preston Breastpl. Faith (1630) 113 In Christ, there is..a concourse, a heape of all spirituall joy and comfort. 1668Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. i. v. 9 Made up of a Concourse of Fibres, Ligaments and very smal Nerves. 1671Milton P.R. iv. 404 Under some concourse of shades Whose branching arms thick intertwind, etc. 1855H. Reed Lect. Eng. Lit. i. (1878) 29 It is a bewildering thing to stand in the midst of a vast concourse of books.
†5.
a. The meeting or junction of lines, surfaces, or bodies. ? Obs.
1570Billingsley Euclid ii. Def. xxv. 320 The concurse of the said triangles will be in twelue pointes. 1571Digges Pantom. i. v. C ij, The concourse or meeting of those two right lines that contayne the angle. 1605Timme Quersit. iii. 185 When the vessells by concourse are so joyned together that one taketh in the mouth of the other. 1668Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. i. vi. 11 The Concourse or Anastomosis of the Veins. 1691Ray Creation ii. (1704) 292 The point of concourse of the Rays. 1738Med. Ess. & Observ. (ed. 2) IV. 259 The Candle A is the small luminous object, B C d e the Eye and a the point of Concourse.
†b. ellipt. Point or place of meeting; junction.
1571Digges Pantom. (1591) 9 Fixe one foote of your compasse vpon the concourse or meeting of those two right lines. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. i. ii. iv, The Middle ventricle, is a common concourse, and cavity of them both. a1727Newton (J.), The drop will begin to move towards the concourse of the glasses. 1811J. Wood Optics vii. 148 A screen placed at the concourse of the refracted rays.
†6.
a. Concurrence in action or causation, co-operation; combined action. Obs.
1635Swan Spec. M. iv. §2 (1643) 61 When there is a naturall concourse of causes to effect it. 1682J. Scarlett Exchanges 316 Then the Possessor [of a Bill] must enter with him who paid him in part, into a concourse between themselves, and both demand [the sum] of the others. 1685Boyle Enq. Notion Nat. 79 An Individual Body..needs the Assistance, or Concourse, of other Bodies, to perform divers of its Operations. 1794Sullivan View Nat. II. 108 That this heat may burst into actual flame, the concourse of open air is absolutely requisite. 1836–7Sir W. Hamilton Metaph. II. xxi. 42 That their [mind's and body's] mutual intercourse can, therefore, only be supernaturally maintained by the concourse of the Deity.
†b. esp. in Theol. used of the divine concurrence in human action. Obs.
a1617Bayne On Eph. (1658) 145 Gods concourse working this or that. a1680J. Corbet Free Actions i. vi. (1683) 5 There is a concurse of God, as the Universal Cause, to every Act. Ibid., How the Divine concurse is yielded to sinful actions, shall be explained in its proper place. 18..Lee Thesaurus Theol. III. 315 The general Concourse of His Providence.
c. Sc. Law. Legal concurrence, esp. of an officer whose consent is necessary to a legal process.
1626in Sir J. Balfour Ann. Scot. (1824–5) II. 151 That you acquant the Lordes of Sessione and our aduocatts, as you shall haue occasione, and desyre ther concursse heirwnto. 1640–1Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 92 To tak the advyse and requyer the concurs and assistance of the Committie of War. 1752J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 33, C. D. you are indicted and accused, at the Instance of A. B. with Concourse of D. F. his Majesty's Advocate..of the Crimes after mentioned.
†7. Course, process (of time). Obs.
c1400Rom. Rose 4360 She [Fortune] can writhe hir heed awey, This is the concours of hir pley. 1654Earl of Monmouth tr. Bentivoglio's Warrs Flanders 13 In concourse of time it was discovered that, etc. 1657― tr. Paruta's Pol. Disc. 119 After the concourse of many years it was carried by Cyrus.
8. An open space or a central hall in a large building, esp. in a railway station. orig. U.S.
1862Harper's Mag. Dec. 42/1 A group of cavaliers had assembled on the ‘Concourse’ at the Central Park. 1905Daily Chron. 12 Jan. 8/3 Altogether, the station will be the most complete in America... The central hall, or ‘concourse’, as it is called, of the present station, is a beautiful building. 1908Ibid. 22 June 4/4 The decorations of the foyer (or ‘concourse’, to use a new American term). 1909Westm. Gaz. 20 Mar. 3/1 (Birmingham, Alabama) A thick brass rod running across the main hall, or ‘concourse’. 1911Engineer 6 Oct. 363 A feature of the new building [sc. Baker Street Railway Station] will be a..concourse 80 ft. × 50 ft. 1939Archit. Rev. LXXXV. 92 (caption) The main concourse looking towards the flying field. 1957Spaceflight I. 72/1 Outside the auditorium there was a large ‘Concourse’ fitted up with enquiry desks and plenty of chairs. 1959Camb. Rev. 24 Oct. 63/2 The covered ‘concourse’ under the Hall resembles too much an underground station platform to attract. |