| 释义 |
▪ I. smit, n.1|smɪt|
Forms: 1 smitte, 4, 7–8 smitt, 5 Sc. smyt(e, 5– smit.
[OE. smitte (related to smittian smit v.1), = MDu. smitte, MLG. and LG. smitte (hence MDa. and Da. smitte, MSw. and Sw. smitta), MHG. smitze (G. schmitze). Cf. MDu. smit, LG. smit (MSw. smit, Sw. dial. smitt), OHG. smiz, bismiz (MHG. smitz, G. schmitz); also MDu. and MLG. smette, MDu., Du., Fris., LG., and Sw. smet, OHG. bismez. All of these forms have the senses ‘spot, stain, smear’, etc. In later use the word is northern and Sc.]
†1. A sullying spot or stain; a taint or blemish. Freq. fig. of moral taint. Obs.
c1030Rule St. Benet (Logeman) 4 Se ðe ingæþ butan smittan, swylce wyrcð rihtwisnesse. a1100in Napier O.E. Glosses 93/2 Inluuiem, i. inmunditiam, wom, smittan. a1300Cursor M. 9462 Þat sin..nan of left, wit-vten smitt, þat euer was vnder heuen born. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints ii. (Paul) 867 Blowmand bewte but wane or smyt of sawle and body to-giddir knyt. c1425Wyntoun Cron. ix. 1858 Bot qwhat at sal be put in wryte Off falssit sal ber nakyn smyte. a1500in Ratis Raving, etc. (1870) 92 For lesing is sa foul a smyt, That quhay sa euer be taynt with It [etc.]. 1562A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) i. 220 Smaill sweit smaragde, smelling but smit of smot.
†2. Smut in grain. Obs.—0
1585Higins tr. Junius' Nomenclator 144/2 The smit, blasting, or burned blacknes of the eares of corne.
†3. (See quot. and smut n. 3.) Obs.—1
1670W. Simpson Hydrol. Ess. 65 Those unripe mines which the cole-miners often..find and call Smitts, as being an imperfect cole.
4. A soft reddish earth or clayey ore, esp. used for marking sheep. ? Obs.
a1728Woodward Fossils 2 The softer Ruddle, or, as 'tis call'd in the North, Smitt. 1789J. Williams Min. Kingd. I. 440 Kidney ore is found in small masses blended in a red, staining, soft clay or earth, called smit, which is also an iron ore. 1794Hutchinson Hist. Cumb. I. Catal. 52 The reddle, called by the country people clayey iron ore, rud, and smit.
b. A mark of ownership put upon sheep.
1828Carr Craven Gloss., Smit, a sheep mark. 1886Pall Mall G. 9 Aug. 4/1 A ‘Shepherds' Guide’ setting forth the tar marks, smits, and ear-slits peculiar to the sheep of each farm in the township.
5. A particle of soot; a smut, black spot.
a1825in Jamieson Suppl. s.v. Smut. 1862 C. C. Robinson Dial. Leeds 413 ‘Smitted’ clothes, or rather the ‘smits’ themselves, are the plague of the housewife on the washing day.
6. Infection; contagion.
1829–in northern and Sc. dialect glossaries, etc.
▪ II. † smit, n.2 north. Obs.
In 4 smitt(e, smite, 5 smyte.
[Possibly related to next and to smite v., and orig. denoting a small piece struck off: cf. Norw. smitt (Ross) and G. schmitzen in the same sense. In the later quots. the rime-words indicate the form smĭte: the common mod. dial. smite does not quite correspond to this.]
A very small piece or portion; a little bit.
a1300Cursor M. 18735 Left he noght þar-of a smitt, Of all þe lagh, þat he ne held it. a1325in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 146 Ich comand þe..Þat þi fader liif be write, & min also, eueri smite. c1425Seven Sages (P.) 1959 The Emperour..wende hit were al gospel That the clerkys dyden hym to wite, And al was fals every smyte.
▪ III. smit, n.3 Now dial.
Also 5 smytt.
[Related to smite v. Cf. MLG. smit, G. schmiss, schmitz, in the same sense.]
A blow; a stroke; also, the sound of striking. Cf. smite n.1 1.
c1430Sir Tryam. 1565 Tryamowre on the hedd he hytt, He had gevyn hym an evylle smytt, But his swerde braste. a1803Lord William ii. in Scott Minstrelsy, She heard a smit o bridle reins. 1895Longman's Mag. Oct. 641, I have got the death smit.
▪ IV. smit, v. Latterly north. dial. and Sc.|smɪt|
Also 4–5 smyt. pa. tense 1 smittode, 5 smytted, Sc. smyt(t)it, 7– smitted. pa. pple. 1 smittud, 4 smetted, smyttid, 5 -ed, 5– smitted; Sc. 5 smyttit, smitit, 5–6 smittit; 3 i-smitte, 9 smit, smitten.
[OE. smittian (f. the weak grade of smítan smite v.), = MDu. and MLG. smitten (hence MDa. and Da. smitte, MSw., Sw., and Norw. smitta), OHG. (pi)smizzan (MHG. smitzen, G. schmitzen). Cf. also MDu., Du., and LG. smetten, Fris. smette.]
1. trans. To stain or mark in some way; to colour or tinge; to smut. Also in fig. context.
a1000Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 244 Funestauere, maculauere, smittodan. c1205Lay. 17701 Iblæcched he hæfede his licame, swulc ismitte of cole. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints ii. (Paul) 272 Of his hals firste milk out ran, þe knychtis clathis þat smyttit þan. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. iii. (Tollem. MS.), The brayne haþ but litell of blood leste he were infecte and smetted [1495 smytted] with þe coloure þerof. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 28 Thai ar all smyttit with that ilke myrknes, of the quhilk the sternis was blekkit. 1876Robinson Whitby Gloss. 177/1 Smitted,..dotted all over; specked on the surface.
†b. To contaminate, taint, or infect with sin, guilt, etc. Obs.
a1300E.E. Psalter cv. 36 Dropen es þe land in blodes swa; And smitted in werkes of þa. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. I. 198 He was not smyttid wiþ pryde ne wiþ coveityse. c1425Wyntoun Cron. iii. iii. 616 Bot Mempris Smyttit wes with [v.r. of] mony vice. a1500in Ratis Raving, etc. (1870) 3 The trespas that Adam and Eue commytyt,..quhar-throw al mankynde was smitit. 1562A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) i. 157 Giff thow persave sum senȝeour it hes smittit, Solist þame softlie nocht to perseveir.
absol.a1500in Ratis Raving, etc. (1870) 92 For lesing is sa foul a smyt,..It smytis sa sare it partis neuer.
c. To tarnish or sully; to bring into disgrace or discredit.
c1386Chaucer Troylus v. 1545 As regnes shal ben flitted Fro folk to folk, or whan they shal ben smitted. c1425Wyntoun Cron. viii. v. 854 (Cott.), His litil leaute neuirþeles He smyttit þar in his processe. 1786Burns Farewell to J. Kennedy 3 If e'er Detraction shore to smit you, May nane believe him!
d. To mark (sheep) with smit or ruddle.
1828Carr Craven Gloss., Smit, to mark sheep. 1895T. Ellwood Lakeland & Icel. 56 Lambs are so smitted when first put upon the fell, and sheep at clipping time.
2. Of contagious diseases, etc.: To infect, affect by contagion. Also in fig. context. Freq. in pa. pple. with with.
a1100in Napier O.E. Gloss. 120/2 Caccabatus morbo, smittud mid adle. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxix. (Placidas) 521 Þane amesit sum thing his care, quhen his seknes smytit hym sare. 1427Sc. Acts, Jas. I (1814) II. 16/1 Item at þe bischoppis..inquire diligently in þare visitatiounis..gif ony be smyttit with lippir. a1500Ratis Raving i. 178 Thir thingis..Wyll smyt men that are hail & fere. 1585R. Parsons Chr. Exerc. Ep. Ded. 3 The readers of them that are before smitted with that kinde of infection. 1788W. H. Marshall Yorksh. II. 353 To Smit, to infect. 1829–in dialect glossaries, etc. (see Eng. Dial. Dict.).
b. Of persons or animals: To convey or communicate a disease to (another); to infect.
1877–in dialect glossaries, etc. |