| 释义 |
racial, a.|ˈreɪʃɪəl, -ʃəl|
[f. race n.2 + -ial.]
Belonging to, or characteristic of, race.
A word of considerable frequency in the 20th century. The examples that follow illustrate some of the more usual collocations.
1862R. H. Patterson Ess. Hist. & Art 448 These racial diversities are reflected in the character of the religion. 1883S. W. Williams Mid. Kingd. (ed. 2) I. iv. 199 The racial distinction between the Mongols and Manchus. 1885Clodd Myths & Dr. i. viii. 131 The light which this has thrown upon the racial connection of peoples. 1889[see nurtural a.]. 1892F. W. Gage Negro Problem iii. 56 If it be demonstrated that individual members of the race under favourable circumstances are capable of mature mental development, then the question of racial development is settled. 1899A. Nutt in Folk-Lore June 146 In determining the relative importance of either element for racial discrimination in folklore, I was guided by observation of man in the civilized stage. 1899C. Waldstein Expansion of Western Ideals 141 An historical basis for German unity was not enough; an ethnological, racial unity had to be established. 1914G. K. Chesterton Wisdom of Father Brown ix. 266 An attitude we must always remember when we talk of racial prejudices. 1929H. Miles tr. P. Morand's Black Magic i. 63 He supported..racial equality. 1935Huxley & Haddon We Europeans ix. 286 Ethnic intercrossing and culture-contacts have proceeded so far that ‘racial purity’, like complete isolationism or self-sufficiency, is impossible of attainment. 1942H. A. Wallace Century of Common Man (1944) vi. 32 In June of 1941 he [sc. Roosevelt] issued an executive order prohibiting racial discrimination in the employing of workers by national defence industries. 1942Z. N. Hurston in A. Dundes Mother Wit (1973) 32/2, I did not have to consider any racial group as a whole. 1943E. H. Brooks Bantu in S. Afr. Life ii. 3 When I say ‘a similar point of view’, I mean the doctrine of racial domination: there are Africans who still think that the Europeans can be driven into the sea. 1947‘G. Orwell’ in Tribune 7 Feb. 12/2, I should like to think that the position of the racial minorities could be safeguarded. 1954H. Gibbs Background to Bitterness 7 Racial conflict between the groups has not been witnessed on a major scale for many years. 1954Harvard Law Rev. XXIV. 80 Judge Edgerton wrote that as the Supreme Court had..recognized that enforced racial segregation in housing was unconstitutional, it followed that enforced racial segregation in schooling was even more so. 1955B. Schwartz Amer. Constitutional Law ix. 224 There has been a profound change in recent years in the attitude of that tribunal [sc. the Supreme Court] toward racial discrimination. 1958Spectator 22 Aug. 239/1 The Little Rock High School must resume racial integration when the new term began. 1960J. Rae Custard Boys ii. xix. 210 You think this is a case of racial prejudice and you're probably right. 1960‘I. Ross’ Murder out of School i. 7 There's none of what the papers like to call ‘racial tension’ at Mark Hopkins [School]. 1967Boston Sunday Herald 7 May iii. 4/1 ‘Racial imbalance in Parochial Schools’ is the topic for a panel discussion. 1971R. Bendix in A. Bullock Twentieth Cent. xv. 357/1 Racial minorities..constitute a lower class as women obviously do not. 1971Publishers' Weekly 2 Aug. 46 Mr. Fuller finds that the anthology's one story by a black author—an Eldridge Cleaver story first published in Playboy—is racial tokenism. 1976CRC Jrnl. July 3/1 All of the recent immigration debates..have connected the general anxiety about immigration with the current racial tension. 1977Whitaker's Almanack 1978 595 South African Government declared that where feasible there should be an end to racial segregation on buses. 1979Miles & Phizacklea Racism i. 17 A reaction by blacks in Britain to racial discrimination and violence.
▸ racial profiling n. orig. and chiefly U.S. selection for scrutiny by law enforcement based on race or ethnicity rather than on behavioural or evidentiary criteria (cf. offender profiling n. at offender n. Compounds); (later, in extended use) discrimination or stereotyping on racial or ethnic grounds.
1989J. P. Collum Without Just Cause (WWOR TV script) (Segment 2) (O.E.D. Archive) Many claim searches like this are the result of *racial profiling, targeting of black and other minority motorists by state troopers bent on catching drug traffickers. 1994New Jersey Law Jrnl. (Nexis) 22 Aug. 4 The state police continue to maintain that they do not condone or encourage racial profiling. ‘We base our motor vehicle stops on training and experience and case law,’ says state police spokesman Sgt. Daniel Cosgrove. ‘We don't profile.’ 2002Village Voice (N.Y.) 22 Jan. 79/3 To risk some racial profiling: The music's yearning Portuguese melodies and speedy, virtuosic runs are not such a stretch for an Israeli schooled in klezmer, which can also be simultaneously plaintive and frisky. |