| 释义 |
socage Now Hist.|ˈsɒkɪdʒ|
Also 4–6 sokage, 6 socadge, 6– soccage.
[a. AF. socage, sokage (Anglo-Lat. socagium), f. soc soc + -age.
By early writers (Bracton, etc.) supposed to be derived from soc plough: see Coke Inst. (1628) ii. v. §117. The view now generally accepted is that the original distinctive feature of socage was attendance at the court held by the superior in virtue of his right of soc.]
1. The tenure of land by certain determinate services other than knight-service.
αa1325MS. Rawl. B. 520 lf. 41 Þoru suuche dede sokage is ibore out in to fre tenement. 1485Rolls of Parlt. VI. 324/1 [She] entred into the same Meses, Lands and Tenements, in the right of the same David her Son, as his Gardyne in Socage. a1500Brome Book 155 Þan must ȝe enquere be what seruyce he helde of this lordscheppe, whether he hylde be skwage or be sokage. 1596Spenser St. Irel. Wks. (Globe) 674/1 By what services he holdeth his land, whether in cheif or in socadge, or in knightes service. 1628Coke On Litt. 86 Euery tenure which is not tenure in chiualrie is a tenure in socage. 1661J. Stephens Procurations 47 As the Tenants in Socage after the said change paid their rents yearly to the Lord. 1766Blackstone Comm. II. 79 Socage, in it's most general and extensive signification, seems to denote a tenure by any certain and determinate service. 1845Polson Eng. Law in Encycl. Metrop. II. 824/1 The guardianship of a minor inheriting an estate in lands of the tenure of socage, devolves on the next of kin, on whom the inheritance cannot possibly descend. 1875K. E. Digby Real Prop. i. ii. §3. 47 There can be little doubt that tenure in socage is the successor of the alodial proprietorship of early times.
β1538Sel. Cases Star Chamber (Selden Soc.) II. 67 Thomas Knyght..Surrenderyth into the lord hands in Soccage..a mese. 1562Richmond. Wills (Surtees) 151 Hereditaments holden in soccage or of the nature of socage tenure. 1638Cotton Tower Rec. 14 For no man will buy quillets but in soccage. 1700Tyrrell Hist. Eng. II. 815 Nor will We have the Wardship..of the Fee-Farm, Soccage, or Burgage. 1761Hume Hist. Eng. I. xi. 239 He also holds lands of the crown by soccage or any other tenure.
fig.1658Culpepper Astrol. Judgem. Dis. 190 Dame Nature..holds by tenure by Soccage of Almighty God. 1834Taylor Philip van Artevelde ii. v. ii, If he be not the devil's feudatory He holds in soccage of a fiend that is.
b. With distinguishing epithets, esp. free or common (also free and common) socage, the ordinary form of this tenure.
1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 486 There be two sortes of Socage, the one Free, the other Base..: the Free Socage descending to the eldest alone. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 31 Als meikill of his lands, halden in frie soccage; as the samine sonne will get..be reason of succession. 1671F. Philipps Reg. Necess. 167 Before that late unhappy conversion of those Tenures into free and common socage. 1764T. Hutchinson Hist. Mass. v. (1765) 447 They held their lands, as of the manor,..in free and common socage. 1796Morse Amer. Geogr. I. 148 All lands in Upper Canada are to be granted hereafter in free and common soccage. 1832C. M. Goodridge Voy. S. Seas 255 Land thus disposed of without purchase, is to be..held in f[r]ee and common socage. 1874Green Short Hist. ix. 607 The conversion of lands held till then in chivalry into lands held in common socage.
c. An estate held in socage. rare.
1464Rolls of Parlt. V. 521/2 In the Maners,.. Tounes, Wapentaches and Socage of Wyrkesworth. 1768Ann. Reg., Hist. Europe 78*/2 At a certain small reserved rent..viz. 50l. per ann. for the soccage of Carlisle.
d. A payment made to the superior by one holding land in socage. rare.
1859C. Barker Associative Principle i. 26 The rents and soccage of two mills were applied to the purchase of sheep⁓skins. 1883Cent. Mag. Aug. 545/1 The payment of free socage came, in time, to be attended with some ceremony.
2. attrib., as socage freehold, socage land, socage roll, socage service, socage tenant, socage tenure.
1467in Eng. Gilds (1870) 376 The charter of the seid cite, with the ij. Socage Rollez, shullen be putt in the comyn cofour. a1500Brome Bk. 155 And althow it be sokage lond, ȝet þe eyur [= heir] schall pay a releffe and do his sewte. 1562Socage tenure [see 1 β]. 1628Coke On Litt. 121 He may deuise by his Will all his Socage Lands. a1658Cleveland Rustic Rampant Wks. (1687) 442 Considering the Incertainty of things under that Iron Socage Tenure. 1741T. Robinson Gavelkind i. 3 Under this Term were comprehended all Socage Services. 1747Carte Hist. Eng. I. 423 The taillages that the king had it in his power to levy upon the soccage tenants in his own demesnes. 1818Hallam Mid. Ages (1872) I. 203 Many of them rather answer to our socage freeholds. 1890Athenæum 4 Jan. 12/2 Owners of land held in England by socage tenure. |