| 释义 |
▪ I. cornice, n.|ˈkɔːnɪs|
Forms: 6– cornice, 7 cornishe, corniche (coronix), 6–8 coronice, 6 coronich (cornix), 6–9 cornish.
[c gray][The forms cornice, cornishe, were taken immed. from F. and It. equivalents: cf. 16th c. F. cornice, cornise, in Cotgr. cornice, corniche ‘the cornish or brow of a piller or wall’, mod.F. corniche; ad. It. cornice (korˈnitʃe[/c]) ‘the ledge whereon they hang tapistrie in any roome; also an out-jetting peece or part of a house or wall’ (Florio); cornice represents the It. spelling; F. corniche, Eng. cornish derive from It. pronunciation. The variants coronix, coronice, are based on 16–17th c. latinized forms.
It. cornice, the source of the word in all the mod. langs., is known from the beginning of Italian literature, being frequent in Dante. In form it is identical with cornice:—L. cornix, -īcem crow (Corvus Cornix), and by Florio it is treated as the same word; in the Vocabolario della Crusca the two are separated. The L. term for the architectural cornice was corōna (Vitruvius), and some have conjectured that the It. cornice is in some way derived or corrupted from that word, the form coronix cited by Du Cange, and used in Eng. by Shute in 1563, being assumed to be a connecting link. But there is no evidence for L. coronix before 16th c. Du Cange's example is of 1643, his example of cornix of 1605; both appear to be merely latinized forms of the Italian word, coronix being contaminated by the desire to connect it with corōna. Another suggestion is that the It. cornice was in some way related to L. corōnis, -idem = Gk. κορωνίς, given in Hesychius in the sense τὸ τελευταῖον τῆς οἰκοδοµῆς ἐπίθεµα ‘the finishing piece placed on the building’, the ‘cope-stone’. But this could not have phonetically given It. cornice, unless indeed the Gk. word had passed into popular Italian use, and been assimilated by popular perversion to cornice crow. Of this we have no evidence.]
1. Arch.
a. A horizontal moulded projection which crowns or finishes a building or some part of a building; spec. the uppermost member of the entablature of an order surmounting the frieze.
1563Shute Archit. C ij b, The Coronix of the Pedestalle. Ibid. D iv b, The Architraue, frise, & Cornishe. 1575Laneham Let. (1871) 56 Columns..that supported a cumly Cornish. 1624Wotton Archit. (1672) 22 They [pillars] have all their..upper Adjuncts, as Architrave, Frize, and Cornice. 1656Earl of Monmouth Advt. fr. Parnass. 277 Augustus raised up the walls thereof even to the highest Cornish. 1663Gerbier Counsel 12 Cornishes and Frontispieces over the Windows. 1681Cotton Poet. Wks. (1765) 329 With all its Mouldings, Frize and Coronice. 1726Leoni tr. Alberti's Archit. I. 97 a, Let there be Cornices of Stone..projecting out a cubit. 1833Act 3–4 Will. IV, c. 46 §114 The water from the roofs and cornices of all houses or other buildings. 1847Lytton Lucretia (1853) 33 The same enriched frieze and cornice.
b. An ornamental moulding, usually of plaster, running round the wall of a room or other part of the interior of a building, immediately below the ceiling; the uppermost moulding of a piece of wainscoting; a picture-moulding, or the like; also, the ornamental projection within which curtains are hung.
1670R. Lassels Voy. Italy i. (1698) 81 Over it runs a cornish of silver plate nailed to the wall. 1773Phil. Trans. LXIII. 326 The gilding of the cornish..was quite blackened. 1800W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XIII. 18 The cornish of the wainscotting. 1858Dickens Lett. 28 Aug., A great piece of the cornice of the ceiling falling with a great crash. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Cornice..a gilded or other ornamental work within which window curtains are suspended.
2. A ring or moulding encircling a cannon (It. cornice degli orecchioni, Florio; see also cornice-ring in 4).
1571Digges Pantom. (1591) 178 The Excesse wherby the Semidiameter of the Ringe or Cornice of the Head dooth exceed the Cornice of the Coyle [of a cannon]. 1645N. Stone Enchirid. Fortif. 57 The mussell-Ring or Coronice.
‖3.
a. Applied to a path or road along the edge of a precipice; = corniche. (Not an English sense.)
1823Galt Entail III. xvi. 153 The road..lay on the cornice of a precipice. 1824― Rothelan III. 250 The road towards it is a cornice, as the Sicilians..call the paths which wind along the edge of precipices.
b. An overhanging accumulation of ice and wind-blown snow at the edge of a ridge or cliff-face.
1871J. Tyndall Hours of Exercise in Alps i. 13 The view was bounded by a massive cornice, from which the avalanches are periodically let loose. 1953J. Hunt Ascent of Everest v. xv. 191 Huge bulges of snow hung over it from the crest of the ridge, cornices of Himalayan dimensions formed by the prevailing westerly wind.
4. Comb., as cornice-hook, a hook for hanging pictures from a picture-cornice; cornice-piece, a piece of moulding forming a cornice; cornice-plane, an ogee plane for planing mouldings; cornice-pole, a pole carrying rings from which curtains are hung; cornice-rail (see quot.); cornice-ring, the ring or moulding encircling a cannon immediately behind the muzzle-ring; = astragal 3.
1794W. Felton Carriages (1801) I. 13 This [the front roof-rail], with the door-case rails, has *Cornice-pieces nailed on.
1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 298/2 *Cornice poles..coated with thin brass.
1794Felton Carriages Gloss., *Cornice Rails, the top framing of the body of a coach or chariot, called roof rails.
1645N. Stone Enchir. Fortif. 56 The Astragall, or *Coronice ring. 1692Capt. Smith's Seaman's Gram. ii. vi. 94 The Astragal, or Cornice Ring. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v. Ordnance, Cornish Ring of a Gun, is the next from the Muzzle Ring backwards. 1751Chambers Cycl., Corniche ring of a piece of ordinance.
▪ II. cornice, v.|ˈkɔːnɪs|
Also cornish.
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To furnish with a cornice; fig. to crown or finish as with a cornice.
1744Eliza Heywood Female Spect. (1748) I. 123 Twelve marble-pillars..carved and cornished after the Doric and Ionic manner. 1803W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. I. 431 The whole work..stretched into a hundred volumes..would cornish the literary wainscotting of a five-and-twenty foot room. 1872Blackie Lays Highl. 131 A goodly temple, walled behind With crag precipitous..And by green birches corniced. |