| 释义 |
sorrowful, a.|ˈsɒrəʊfʊl|
Forms: α. 1–3 sorhful(l, 3 soreh-, seor(u)hful, sorþfolle; 1 sorᵹ-, 3 sorȝ-, 4 sorghful(l, zorȝuol(le; 3–4 sorful, -fol, 4 -uol, zoruol-, 5 sorefull(e, soyrefull. β. 3 serrh-, serehful; 4 serwȝful, 5 serwh-, sereuh-, ser(e)u-, serwful. γ. 3–4 soreuful, 3–5 sorw(e)ful(le. δ. 3–5 soru-, 4–6 soroful(l, 5 sorrofull; 3–6 sorow-, 4–6 sorouful(l, 5– sorrowful (5–7 -full); 6 Sc. sorro(w)fow.
[OE. sorh-, sorᵹful (f. sorh, sorᵹ sorrow n.), = OHG. sorgful (G. sorgvoll, usually sorgenvoll), ON. sorgfullr (Norw. and Sw. sorgfull, Da. -fuld) and sorgafullr, LG. sörg(e)ful.]
1. Full of, oppressed by, sorrow or grief; unhappy, sad, regretful.
α Beowulf 2119 Grendeles modor siðode sorhfull. c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xxvi. 183 Se weleᵹa bið eaðmod & sorᵹfull. c1000ælfric Judg. x. 10 Oð þæt hiᵹ..heora synna andetton mid sorhfullum mode. a1200Vices & Virtues 83 Sari and sorhfull am ic. c1205Lay. 1477 Þe king wes swiðe særi & seorhful on mode. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2326 He..nam ðo breðere euerilk on, And ledde hem sorful a-gon. c1275Lay. 15489 Þo was sori þe king and sorþfolle þorh alle þing. c1300Havelok 151 Alle þat the writes herden Sorful an sori til him ferden. 1390Gower Conf. I. 203 This sorghfull king was so bestad, That he schal nevermor be glad. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 199 He became mournynge and Sorefull.
βc1200Ormin 7153 He wass forrdredd & serrhfull inn hiss herrte. a1400Pistill of Susan 144 Þen Susan was serwful, and seide in hire þouȝt. a1400Vernon MS. in Herrig's Archiv LVII. 250/1 So sereuhful was þis Bisschope, Þat almost he fel in wonhope.
γc1300Havelok 1248 Sory and sorwful was she ay. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. Prol. 390 If so be he may hym nat ascuse [He] axith mercy with a sorweful herte.
δc1205Lay. 167 Þa wes Turnus sari, & soruful on his mode. a1325Prose Psalter l. 18 Þou, God, ne shal nouȝt despisen þe hert sorowful and meke. a1340Hampole Psalter cxlvi. 3 Þai þat offirs til him þe sacrifice of sorouful gast. c1400Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) i. xxxix. (1859) 43 Ful sorrowful was this Sathanas when he sawe [etc.]. 1495Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 57 Preamble, Your seid Suppliaunt is as sorrowfull and repentant as any creature may be. 1535Coverdale 1 Esdras viii. 71, I rent my holy garmentes, and..sat me downe soroufull & heuy. 1560Rolland Seven Sages 113 Quhairfoir thay war all seuin richt sorrofow. 1579J. Northbrooke Dicing (1843) 37 Your greate commendation of this sermon maketh me sorrowfull that I had not beene at it. 1676Hale Contempl. ii. 107 Whatsoever I love, makes me..Sorrowful in the loss or deprivation of it. 1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) II. 365 If I am in a sorrowful mood. 1810Scott Lady of L. ii. xxix, While, sorrowful, but undismay'd, The Douglas thus his counsel said. 1882‘Ouida’ Maremma I. 13 They were all sorrowful.
b. absol. (Chiefly pl.)
c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. C. 183 Ðætte ða sorᵹfullan onᵹieten ðæt him becumað ða welan. a1400Morte Arth. 953 He saluȝede that sorowfulle with sittande wordez. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 213 b, How they haue comforted the heuy & sorrowfull. 1556Aurelio & Isab. (1608) M v, Ha poore sorrowfull. 1869H. F. Tozer Highl. Turkey II. 324 [Death] coming with a friendly aspect to relieve the sorrowful.
c. sorrowful tree, the night-jasmine of India.
1597Gerarde Herbal iii. cxxxviii. 1342 Arbor tristis, the sad or sorrowfull tree waxeth as bigge as an Oliue tree. Ibid. 1343 It is called..in English the Sad or Sorrowfull tree, or the Indian Mourner. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 327 Sorrowful-tree, Nyctanthes.
2. Indicative or expressive of sorrow or grief.
a1225Ancr. R. 284 Ȝif eni is þet naueð nout þe heorte þus afeited, mid seoruhfule sikes. c1275Lay. 3410 He mornede swiþe and þeos word seide mid sorfol speche. c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 503 Al er we born gretand, And makand a sorowful sembland. a1400Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. liv. 182 Heo caste me mony a serwful loke. 1450W. Lomner in Paston Lett. I. 124, I.. am right sory of that I shalle sey, and have soo wesshe this litel bille with sorwfulle terys, that [etc.]. 1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Foeditas, Sorowfull blacke apparell. 1576Gascoigne Philomene Ded., I had begonne an Elegye or sorrowefull song, called the Complainte of Phylomene. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. iii. i. 147 His Napkin..Can do no seruice on her sorrowfull cheekes. 1606― Ant. & Cl. i. iii. 64 Where be the Sacred Violles thou should'st fill With sorrowfull water? 1819Scott Ivanhoe xxxii, Her lovely brow, though sorrowful, bore on it a cast of reviving hope. 1877Mrs. Forrester Mignon I. 225 The poor mother smiles the..sorrowfulest smile that ever hovered on a woman's lips.
3. Characterized by, involving or inducing, sorrow or grief; distressing, lamentable, doleful.
α, β Beowulf 1278 His modor þa ᵹyt..ᵹegan wolde sorhfulne sið. a1000Phœnix 417 Þæt hi feor þonan..drohtað sohton, sorᵹfulran ᵹesetu. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1112, Hit wæs swiðe hefiᵹ tyme & sorhfull þurh ormætne mancwealm. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 179 Serehful is ure burde for eues gulte. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 823 Þis king adde iwend aboute in such soruol cas. 1340Ayenb. 34 Efter alle þise zorȝuolle poyns of sleuþe him yefþ þe dyeuel. 1370–80Visions of St. Paul 173 in O.E. Misc. 228 Þen sauȝ poul a serwȝful siht. 1390Gower Conf. I. 329 Me is levere forto deie Than live after this sorghful day.
γ, δa1300Cursor M. 2785 Þat soruful sin on þam þai thoght..to haue don. Ibid. 7861 Saul es slan, þat soroful king. c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 105, I dye for hunger and sorwfull threst. 1513Douglas æneid v. xii. 124 In Tartarus, the sorofull hellis pit. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 123 Fearyng lest this dissention in Religion should come to some sorowfull ende. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. v. iii. 142 Goe into old Titus sorrowfull house. 1611Bible Job vi. 7 The things that my soule refused to touch, are as my sorrowfull meat. 1753Challoner Cath. Chr. Instr. 240 The five next are called the dolorous or sorrowful Mysteries. 1788Cowper Morning Dream 32 He..stood looking out for his prey From Africa's sorrowful shore. 1818Shelley Invoc. Misery vi, Sounds and odours, sorrowful Because they once were sweet. 1871Alabaster Buddhism 245 In order that he might teach men how to escape from sorrowful existence.
4. quasi-adv. = next.
c1374Chaucer Anel. & Arc. 207 Vppon A day full soroufull wepynge. 1871R. Ellis tr. Catullus lxiv. 202 When from an anguish'd heart these words stream'd sorrowful upwards. |