| 释义 |
correlative, a. and n.|kəˈrɛlətɪv|
[cf. F. correlatif, -ive (16th c.); perh. the source of both was a mod.L. *correlātīvus, f. cor- = com- together + relātīvus relative, referring.]
A. adj.
1. Having a reciprocal relation such that each necessarily implies, or is complementary to, the other; mutually interdependent; involving such a relation. Const. with, rarely to.
1690Locke Hum. Und. ii. xxv. §2 Father and son, husband and wife, and such other correlative terms. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 305 Neighbourhood..is correlative, so that no man can be neighbour to another without the other being likewise neighbour to him. 1853Grote Greece ii. lxxxiv. XI. 80 A free community with correlative rights and duties belonging to every citizen.
2. Normally or naturally related to each other or occurring in conjunction.
1530Rastell Bk. Purgat. iii. xiii, The iustyce of God and the mercye of God be evermore correlatyve and concurrant. 1563Foxe A. & M., This conclusion is correlatiue with the first Article of our faith. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede xix, It was Adam's strength, not its correlative hardness, that influenced his meditations.
b. Related in the way of analogy, similarity, etc.; corresponding, analogous.
1596Bacon Max. Law Reg. xxv, Another sort of ambiguitas latens is correlative unto this: for this ambiguity..is, when one name and appellation doth denominate divers things: and the second is when the same thing is called by divers names. 1829I. Taylor Enthus. ii. (1867) 26 Such utterances of desire, or hope, or love, as seem to suppose the existence of correlative feelings..in Him to whom they are addressed. 1872W. S. Symonds Rec. Rocks vi. 179 The Wenlock shale and Wenlock limestone much resemble..the correlative rock in the typical district.
3. Gram. Applied to words corresponding to each other, and regularly used together, each in one member of a compound or complex sentence: e.g. either—or; so—as.
1871Public Sch. Lat. Gram. §94 (margin) Correlative Construction. 1879Roby Lat. Gram. §1635 Comparative sentences..are introduced by correlative adjectives or adverbs; e.g. tantus{ddd}quantus, tam{ddd}quam, sic{ddd}ut.
4. Physics. Of forces: Mutually dependent and convertible: see correlation 2.
1843Grove Corr. Phys. Forces 96 The forces are inseparable and mutually dependent,—correlative, but not identical. 1862Huxley Lect. Wrkg. Men 27 The forces of that [living] matter are..correlative with and convertible into those of inorganic nature.
5. Biol. Of variations of structure, etc.: Mutually related so that the one is normally associated with the other: see correlation 3.
1876Foster Phys. ii. ii. (1879) 309 The blood..undergoes important correlative changes.
6. Geom. Said of propositions, figures, etc. reciprocally related so that to a point in either corresponds (in solid geometry) a plane, or (in plane geometry) a straight line in the other.
1881C. Taylor Geom. Conics 346 Figures which correspond according to the law of duality have been called by Chasles..correlative figures. 1885C. Leudesdorf Cremona's Proj. Geom. 27 The following problem admits of two correlative solutions. Ibid. 28 In the Geometry of the plane, two correlative propositions are deduced one from the other by inter⁓changing the words point and line.
B. n.
1. Each of two things having a reciprocal relation such that the one necessarily implies, or is complementary to, the other.
1545Joye Exp. Dan. iii. 36 The signe & the thing signified be correlatyues. 1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1596) 12/2 Where no inferior is, there can be no superior, for..these togither are correlatiues. 1602T. Fitzherbert Apol. 44 a, Priesthood and sacrifice are correlatiues, and cannot be the one without the other. 1794G. Adams. Nat. & Exp. Philos. III. xxvi. 102 Action and re-action are correlatives; one cannot exist without the other. 1842J. H. Newman Par. Serm. VI. xxiv. 373 The words used..are what are called correlatives, one implies the other. 1879S. B. Gould Germany II. 245 Every several right has as its correlative an obligation.
†b. The two terms of such a relation have been distinguished as relative and correlative. Obs.
1579Fulke Heskins' Parl. 475 Euery relatiue must haue a correlatiue. a1653Gouge Comm. Hebr. i. 5 The relative, a Father..the correlative, a Sonne.
2. Something normally related to, or occurring along with, something else.
1546Gardiner Decl. Art. Joye 66 b, That vnderstande not the nature of correlatiues, and se not howe a promise, can onely be apprehended by fayth. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 248 Flanders..is the true correlative of the Indies, seeing that all the gold brought out of India, is spent in the low countrie warres. 1628tr. Mathieu's Powerf. Favorite 58 A stab is alwayes due for a box on the eare, and is a correlatiue to it. 1651Biggs New Disp. ⁋180 The vital powers and bloud are Correlatives. 1888Ray Lankester Advancem. Science (1890) 292 The naturalist-traveller and his correlative, the museum curator and systematist.
b. Something corresponding or analogous; an analogue.
1875Whitney Life Lang. iii. 39 We have its very ancient correlatives in Sanskrit agra, etc. 1879Sir G. G. Scott Lect. Archit. I. 259 Those classes and purposes differ in a majority of cases, from their correlatives at the present day.
†c. Used of persons: A relative. Obs. rare.
1697Observ. Money & Coin 33 As when a tender Parent or kind Friend orders..a Joynt or Limb to be cut off from his correlative.
3. Gram. Each of two correlative words: see A. 3.
1808Middleton Grk. Article (1855) 36 Correlatives are words in regimen, having a mutual reference. 1876Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) §288 b, Either—or, neither—nor, whether—or, both—and, are used in pairs as correlatives. Ibid §163 The proper correlative of which is such.
4. Physics, etc. A correlative force; the equivalent of some force in another form.
1855H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) I. ii. ix. 278 Pains are the correlatives of actions injurious to the organism. 1862― First Princ. ii. v. §56 What continues to exist during these oscillations is some correlative of the muscular effort which put the chandelier in motion. 1871Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (1879) I. xxi. 492 Every thought or feeling has its physical correlative.
5. Biol. A normally and apparently necessarily associated characteristic: cf. correlation 3. |