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▪ I. sough, n.1
(sʌf, saʊ, Sc. sux)
Forms: 4–5 swogh(e, swough(e, 6 swouch, 6– souch, 7– sough (8 zough), 8– sugh (9 seugh, soogh, sooch, etc.); 4 swowh, 4–5 swow(e, 5 sow, 9 soo.
[ME. type *swōh, swōȝ, from the verb swōȝen: see sough v.1 From the 16th cent. almost exclusively Sc. and north. dial. until adopted in general literary use in the 19th.
The pron. |sɒf| is given by Smart (1836) and Ogilvie (1850).]
1. A rushing or murmuring sound as of wind, water, or the like, esp. one of a gentle or soothing nature.
c1381Chaucer Parl. Foules 247 Of sykys hoote as fuyr I herde a swow that gan a-boute renne. c1384― H. Fame 1031 Herestow not the grete swogh? a1400Morte Arth. 759 With þe swoghe of þe see in swefnynge he felle. 1508Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 519 The soft souch of the swyr..Myght comfort ony creatur of the kyn of Adam. 1513Douglas æneid ii. xi. 81 Ilk swouch of wynd, and every quhisper..affrayit [me]. 1785Burns Cotter's Sat. Nt. ii, November chill blaws loud wi' angry sugh. 1792Wordsw. Descript. Sketches 359 Faint wail of eagle.., and pine-wood's steady sugh. 1816Scott Old Mort. xxxiii, It is the sough of the wind among the bracken. 1847C. Brontë J. Eyre xii, That evening calm betrayed alike the tinkle of the nearest streams, the sough of the most remote. 1862Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xiii. vi. (1872) 73 Whereupon solemn waving of hats; indistinct sough of loyal murmur. 1879I. L. Bird Rocky Mount. 101 The strange sough of gusts moving among the pine tops.
b. Sc. A canting or whining manner of speaking, especially in preaching or praying.
1723W. Meston Knight Poems (1767) 15 Give them the sough, they can dispense, With either scant or want of sense. c1730Burt Lett. N. Scotl. (1818) I. 171 The prayers are often more like narrations to the Almighty than petitions..; and the sough as it is called (the whine) is unmanly. 1816Scott Old Mort. xiv, Never stir, if my auld mither is na at the preaching again! I ken the sough o' her texts. 1894‘Ian Maclaren’ Brier Bush ii. 60 He's a speeritually minded man, Maister Cosh, and has the richt sough.
2. A deep sigh or breath. Also transf.
c1386Chaucer Miller's T. 433 He siketh, with ful many a sory swough. a1400Isumbras 89 His hirde-mene mett he everylkone With a fulle drery swoghe. 14..Chaucer's Troylus iv. 375 (Cambr. MS.), Among his sobbis & his sowis sore. 1616B. Jonson Epigrams cxxxiii, The well⁓greas'd wherry now had got betweene, And bad her fare-well sough, vnto the lurden. 1788Voc. Bargie in Trans. R. Irish Acad. II. 35 Zough, a sigh. 1790Burns Battle of Sherra-Moor i, My heart, for fear, gae sough for sough. 1885Field 12 Dec. 832/1 From the loch would come the sough of a porpoise or the wild cry of a loon. 1901G. Douglas House with Green Shutters 298 It was hours ere he slept, but at last a heavy sough told her he had found oblivion.
3. A rumour; a report.
1716Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 172 By the souch of members I imagine the Duke of Argyle will be named. 1816Scott Antiq. xxix, There was a sough in the country about it, but it was hushed up. 1821Galt Annals of Parish xii, I found..a sough of something extraordinar going on. 1900Strain Elmslie's Drag-net 35, I had heard some sough o' a byre at Kelso that had been smitten.
4. to keep a calm (or quiet) sough, to keep quiet, to say little or nothing. Sc.
1808Jamieson, Keep a calm souch, be silent. 1816Scott Old Mort. xx, I'se aye keep a calm sough. 1863Mrs. Gaskell Sylvia's L. (1874) 232 Not that I iver let on to them.., so keep a calm sough, my lad. 1880Mrs. E. Lynn Linton Rebel Family xiii, So that, on the whole, keeping a calm sough was the best wisdom.
Hence ˈsoughfully adv., with a soughing sound; ˈsoughless a., silent, noiseless.
1851W. Hay Lintie o' Moray 41 Gentle stream, Wi' soughless waters onward stealin'. 1890A. E. Barr Friend Olivia xx, The trees..talked soughfully among themselves.
▪ II. sough, n.2|sʌf|
Forms: 4 sogh, sohw, 5 swowȝe, swoughe, 5– sough (6 soughe, Sc. souch), 7 sowgh, saugh, 9 dial. sugh; 8– suff, 9 surf, dial. souffe, soof. See also sheugh.
[Of obscure origin. Cf. Antwerp dial. zoeg a small ditch in a meadow.]
1. A boggy or swampy place; a small pool.
a1300Cursor M. 2501 Þai fled and fell vntill a sogh [Gött. sohw], And þar þair faas þam foluand slogh. a1450Le Morte Arth. 875 (Roxb.), In a foreste by a swoughe. 1515Scottish Field 440 in Chetham Misc. (1856), On a soughe us beside, there seene we our enemies, Were moving over the mountains. 1612Drayton Poly-olb. iv. 168 Then Dulas and Cledaugh, By Morgany doe drive her through her wat'ry saugh. 1869‘Ouida’ Puck vii, The road..went through a shallow ‘sough’ of water. 1876–in dial. glossaries (Cumb., Yks., Heref.).
2. A small gutter for draining off water; a drain, a sewer, a trench.
c1440Pallad. on Husb. i. 515 The length [of the ox-stall is] as from the horn into the sough. 1523Fitzherb. Surv. xxxv. 49 If this maner of dichynge wyll nat make the marres grounde drie, than must you make a sough vnderneth therthe as men do to gette cole. c1570Diurn. Occurr. (Bann. Cl.) 100 The said erle slipit ower ane souch, and tomblit doun the same. 1667Primatt City & C. Builder 5 The charge of driving such Soughs or Trenches. 1681Rec. Burg. Sheffield (1897) 217 For making a sough to the pin⁓fold. 1763Ann. Reg. ii. 100/1 At proper distances, soughs are formed near the top of the canal, which prevents it from overflowing during immoderate rains. 1780Phil. Trans. LXX. 346, I shall lay a sough of brick, which will convey it from the pump to the boiler. 1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 301 The most difficult part of the business consists in laying the sough when in running sands. 1833Act 3 & 4 Will. IV, c. 46 §116 Any water pipe, sough, or watercourse already laid down..in..any of the streets. 1885Law Times' Rep. LII. 356/2 Various old stone soughs, which..received the sewage of a number of houses.
attrib.1892T. B. F. Eminson Epid. Pneumonia at Scotter 18 The out-door premises..drained off through some common sough pipes.
3. A subterranean drain to carry off the water in a mine; an adit of a mine.
1619Atkinson Gold Mynes Scotl. (Bann. Cl.) 15 To frame or make a long sowgh, or scowring place, into which they bringe the streame water. 1653E. Manlove Customes Lead Mines 260 (E.D.S.), Main Rakes, Cross Rakes, Brown⁓henns, Budles and Soughs. 1686Plot Staffordsh. 137 This sort of damp..is that they commonly meet with in long Soughs for conveyance of water from the coale. 1747Hooson Miner's Dict. T ij b, These Addits or Soughs if they prove soft, destroy a great deal of Timber, especially in Sand. 1778W. Pryce Min. Cornub. 81 The Sough or Adit being one hundred fathoms below the surface. 1851Act 14 & 15 Vict. c. 94 §26 If any Person shall, by virtue of any Sough Engine or other Means, unwater or give Relief to any Mine or Vein which may be under Water. 1882R. L. Galloway Coal Mining 25 The drainage of the mines was effected by means of the horizontal tunnels.., which were variously termed adits, watergates, soughs, surfs.
▪ III. † sough, n.3 Obs. rare.
Also 5 sugh.
[repr. OE. sulh plough: see sull n.]
A ploughshare.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) VII. 165 Sche..passede by fulle stappes the ix. cultres or sughes with owte eny hurte. 1598Florio, Vómere,..the sough or ploughshare or culter. 1688Holme Armoury iii. 333/2 The Sough..[of a plough] is that as Plows into the Ground.
▪ IV. sough
obs. f. pa. tense of see v.; obs. f. sow n.1
▪ V. sough, v.1
(sʌf, saʊ, Sc. sux)
Forms: 1 swoᵹan, 5 swoghe (squoe), 6 Sc. swouch, suowch, swoch; 4 souȝe, 6 (9) sowgh, sogh, 6– sugh, 8– sough (9 dial. suff); Sc. 6 sowch, 6, 8– souch, 9 sooch; 5 swowe, 8 swoo, 9 dial. sow, sou(e, soo.
[OE. swóᵹan, = OS. swôgan to move with a rushing sound; related to Goth. ufswōgjan (cf. OE. swéᵹan to sound, etc.; Norw. dial. søgja to murmur, rustle) and swōgatjan to sigh. Cf. also WFris. swoegje to pant.]
1. a. intr. To make a rushing, rustling, or murmuring sound.
a900Cynewulf Crist 950 On seofon healfa swoᵹað windas. a1000Genesis 1375 Drihten..let..eᵹorstreamas swearte swoᵹan. 13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 140 Þe see souȝed ful sore, gret selly to here. c1400Anturs of Arth. 55 By þe stremys so strange, þat swyftly swoghes [v.r. squytherly squoes]. c1450Holland Howlat 171 Swannis suowchand full swyth, swetest of swar. 1513Douglas æneid i. vi. 155 Ther wyngis swochand jolely. Ibid. v. iii. 76 The fludis..souchand quhair thai fair, In sondir slydis. 1724Ramsay Royal Archers Shooting iv, The feather'd arrows drive All soughing thro' the sky. 1728― Robt., Richy, & Sandy 56 Torn frae its roots adown it souchan fell. 1815G. Beattie John o' Arnha' (1826) 25 The wind sough'd mournfu' throw the trees. 1857Thoreau Maine W. i. (1864) 3 The white⁓pine tree..—its branches soughing with the four winds. 1884Mrs. C. Praed Zéro iv, The wind soughed through the budding branches overhead in long monotonous swell.
b. trans. To utter in this manner.
1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 29 Each rude-risen tempest..Sughing its vengeance through the yellow trees. 1975W. McIlvanney Docherty i. xviii. 124 Trees were brooding presences, soughing incantations. Every bush hid an invisible force, frequently malevolent.
2. a. intr. To draw the breath heavily or noisily; to sigh deeply.
c1475Partenay 1944 There gan he to sigh and sowghid for wo. Ibid. 2890 He sighed, soghed, wepte with teres many. 1806R. Jamieson Pop. Ballads II. 338, I hear your mither souch and snore. 1847H. Bushnell Chr. Nurture ii. iii. (1861) 273 Dosing, all together, and sughing in dull dreams.
b. With away: To breathe one's last; to die.
1816Scott Old Mort. xxxix, His uncle, poor gentleman, just sough'd awa wi' it in his mouth. 1886Willock Rosetty Ends vi. (1887) 46 He muttered ‘Puir Gyp’, an' then he soughed awa.
3. trans.
a. To hum (a tune). Also fig.
1711Ramsay On Maggy Johnstoun x, I took a nap, And soucht a' night balillilow, As sound 's a tap. 1721― Elegy on Patie Birnie iv, His face could mak' you fain, When he did sough, ‘O wiltu, wiltu do 't again!’ 1805J. Nicol Poems II. 133 (Jam.), I, 'mang many merry fouk, Can..sough a tune, an' crack a jock.
b. To utter in a sighing or whining tone.
1816Scott Antiq. xxvii, He hears ane o' the king's Presbyterian chaplains sough out a sermon. 1818― Br. Lamm. xviii, I hae soughed thae dark words ower to mysell.
▪ VI. sough, v.2|sʌf|
[f. sough n.2]
1. trans.
a. To face or build up (a ditch) with stone, etc.
b. To make drains in (land); to drain by constructing proper channels. Also absol.
1688Norris Papers (Chetham Soc.) 175 That all ditches which convey the water crosse the highway be soughed with wall stone, and well covered throughout. 1797Trans. Soc. Arts XV. 209 This lot of land, considered as enclosed, but not soughed. 1836Hull & Selby Rlwy. Act 6 To bore, dig, cut, embank and sough. 1868C. W. Hatfield Hist. Notices Doncaster II. 285 Silver-street and French-gate were soughed in 1837–8.
2. intr. To reach, or get into, a sough.
1898Daily News 19 Feb. 9/2 Lang Syne again raced by, and was a meritorious winner as the hare soughed. |