| 释义 |
▪ I. souse, n.1 Now chiefly dial. and U.S.|saʊs|
Forms: 4 sows, 5–9 sowse (5 sowsse), sowce; 5–8 souce, 5 sovse, 6– souse.
[a. OF. sous (souz, soulz, soult, = Prov. soutz, sols), or souce, ad. OHG. sulza, OS. sulta, or directly f. the Germanic stem sult- (see salt v.1 and silt n.), whence also It. solcio pickle, condiment.
The OF. forms, partly given by Godefroy under soult, are specially illustrated and discussed by A. Thomas in Romania (1909), pp. 579–582.]
1. a. Various parts of a pig or other animal, esp. the feet and ears, prepared or preserved for food by means of pickling.
1391Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 50 In uno dolio emp. pro le sows, ijs. ijd. 14..Lat.-Eng. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 614 Succidium, Sovse. c1440Promp. Parv. 466/1 Sowce, mete, succidium. c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 360 in Babees Bk. (1868) 139 Salt, sowre, and sowse, alle suche þow set a-side. a1529Skelton Agst. Garnesche iii. 32 Ye slvfferd vp sowse In my lady Brewsys howse. 1595Enq. Tripe-wife in Grosart Eliz. Eng. (1881) 149 Thy tripes were yong, thy neates feete fat and faire, Thy sowse was sweete. a1625Fletcher Woman's Prize i. iv, I'll tell you in a word, I am sent to lay An Imposition upon Souse and Puddings, Pasties, and penny Custards. 1675H. Woolley Gentlew. Comp. 154 Soust Veal, Lamb, [etc.];..boil it close covered, that the souse may look white. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Sousce,..a kind of Jelly, made of Hogs-Ears and Feet boil'd in Water, and afterwards cut into small Pieces, to be stew'd in Vinegar and Sugar. 1725Fam. Dict. s.v., To make an Intermess of Souse, let Hogs Ears and Feet be boil'd after the usual manner [etc.]. 1829Brockett N.C. Gloss. (ed. 2), Souse, a dish composed of pig's ears, etc. fried. 1854H. H. Riley Puddleford 147 [I] can give you mush, souse, slap-jacks, briled pork. 1872Schele de Vere Americanisms 549 Souse..means in Pennsylvania more generally pigs' feet. 1929W. J. Locke Ancestor Jorico viii. 108 We were given..souse, which is the gelatinous parts of a pig pickled in lime-juice. 1952S. Selvon Brighter Sun ii. 23 They make souse—boiled pork, seasoned with lime and pepper and cucumber. 1958B. Hamilton Too Much of Water iv. 74 A real Barbadian breakfast. ‘Maan,’ he said, ‘I give you flying fish an' pepper-pot, an' pudding and souse.’ 1974Sunday Advocate-News (Barbados) 10 Mar. 8/1 She is selling a popular Barbadian delicacy—pudding and souse.
b. transf. The ears; also in sing., an ear.
a1658Cleveland Model New Rel. 33 How Quops the Spirit? In what Garb or Air? With Souse erect, or Pendent, Winks, or Haws? 1673A. Behn Dutch Lover iii. ii, A slink, greasie Hair..through which a pair of large thin souses appear'd. 1708Brit. Apollo No. 57. 2/2 The Dog their large Sowces soon bit. 1787Grose Prov. Gloss., Souse, the ear, most properly that of a hog, from its being frequently pickled or sowsed. 1825Jennings Obs. Dial. W. Eng. 71 Souse,..the ear. Pigs sousen, pigs ears. 1895Dialect Notes (Amer. Dial. Soc.) I. 383 ‘Bounder your souse well’ = wash your ears well.
2. a. A liquid employed as a pickle.
1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 189 Take..fenell sede broken and bounde in a clothe and ley it in the same souse for oon day. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §121 Ready at all tymes to eate in the wynter season, and to be layde in souse. 1620Venner Via Recta iii. 70 The feete of a Bullocke or Heifer,..tenderly sodden, and layed in sowce. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Souce, a sort of Pickle for a Collar of Brawn, Pork, &c. 1801The Port-Folio I. 352 (Thornton), Thy ears and feet in Souse shall lie. 1883‘Annie Thomas’ Mod. Housewife 102 The savoury ‘souses’ of vinegar, bay⁓leaves, and spices into which we plunged the other [fish] when baked.
fig.1619Fletcher, etc. Knt. Malta ii. i, I am in souce I thank ye; thanke your beauty. 1650T. B[ayley] Worcester's Apoph. 101 As a thing newly taken out of the sowse of so many friends blood. 1675Hobbes Odyssey viii. 331 After he had left Calypso's house Warm and sweet water he had never seen, But roll'd by Neptune always was in souse.
†b. to sell souse: (see quot.). Obs.
1611Cotgr. s.v. Groin, Faire le groin, to powt, lowre, frowne, be sullen, or surlie; to hang the lip, or sell sowce.
3. attrib. and Comb., as souse-ale, souse-drink, souse-fish, souse-kit, souse meat, souse-seller, souse-tub, souse-wife, souse-woman.
In some cases perhaps the verbal stem.
1444Compota Domest. (Abbotsford Club) 25 Liberantur Roberto Cooke pro *sowceale..C lagene (bere).
1653Bibliotheca Parl. 3 A Garden of sweet flowers, or a Senator in *Souce-drink, by Alderman Atkins. 1676Phil. Trans. XI. 600 They were put..in souse-drink, or pickle. 1704Dict. Rust. s.v. Brawn, Put them into Souce-drink made of Oatmeal..and bran boyled in fair Water.
1695Wood Life (O.H.S.) III. 495 All sorts of *souse fish (lobsters, crayfish).
1565Richmond Wills (Surtees) 179 In the larder..j *sowse-kytt, and j bread grater. 1578Knaresborough Wills (Surtees) I. 133 Two sousekittes.
1972E. Wigginton Foxfire Bk. 20 *Souse meat. Boy, that's the best stuff I ever eat. 1976Washington Post 7 Nov. ki/5 We will try to re-create the atmosphere of a country store. Sardines,..souse meat and soda crackers.
1648Hexham i, A *Sowse seller.
1561Entert. Temple in Nicholas Progr. Q. Eliz. I. 137 The Clerk of the Kitchen..and the Clark of the *Sowce-tub. 1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Gt. Eater Kent 10 Eighteene yards of blacke puddings..haue suddenly been imprisoned in his sowse-tub. 1706J. Dunton in Life & Errors (1818) II. 451 His brains are in a perpetual souce-tub: the pickle..is only changed from Ale to Wine. 1887Parish & Shaw Kentish Gloss. 156 Sowse-tub.
1592Greene Upst. Courtier Wks. (Grosart) XI. 284 He knoweth..what the *sowse wiues are able to make of the inwards. c1622Fletcher Prophetess i. iii, Ye may be an honest butcher or allied to an honest family of sowse-wives.
1620Markham Farew. Husb. (1668) 46 You shall then deal with Butchers, *Sowse-women, Slaughter-men, scullions and the like.
▪ II. souse, n.2 Now dial.|saʊs|
Forms: 5–7 sowce, 6 souce; 5, 7, 9 sowse, 6– souse, 8 souze (9 dial. zouse, etc.).
[Of obscure origin, perh, imitative; cf. MHG. and MLG. sûs (G. saus, Du. gesuis, etc.), noise, din.]
1. A heavy blow; a thump.
1480Robt. Devyll 228 in Hazl. E.P.P. I. 228 Pryuelye be⁓hynde them woulde he steale, And geue them a sowce with hys hande. 1567Golding Ovid's Met. v. (1593) 108 To Petales he lendeth such a souse Full in the noddle of the necke. 1596Spenser F.Q. iv. viii. 44 His murdrous mace he vp did reare, That seemed nought the souse thereof could beare. 1638Heywood Wise Wom. ii. i, Now what did I? but spying the Watch, went and hit the Constable a good sowse on the Eare. 1653Urquhart Rabelais i. xxvii, To some with a smart souse on the Epigaster he would make their midriff swag. 1778F. Burney Evelina xxi, I desire he'll give you such another souse as he did before. 1809T. Donaldson Poems 13 I'd daud or gie him weel his souses. 1825–in many dialect glossaries. 1893H. T. Cozens-Hardy Brd. Norf. 5 One boy will give another a clip o' the head or a sowse o' the skull.
b. souse for souse, blow for blow.
1575Turberv. Faulconrie 55 The hobby..dares encounter the crowe, and to giue souse for souse and blowe for blowe with him in the ayre. 1581Rich Farew. (1846) 208 There was betweene them souse for souse, and boxe for boxe, that it was harde to judge who should have the victorie.
2. A heavy fall. (Cf. soss n.2)
1774D. Graham Hist. Rebellion (ed. 3) 70 He first fell on a thatched house, Next on a midden with a souse. c1890Lyttle Robin Gordon 79 (E.D.D.), A wud wauken up wi' the souse she cum doon on the grun.’
▪ III. † souse, n.3 Hawking. Obs.
Forms: 5–6 souce, 6–7 sowce, souse, 7 sowse.
[Alteration of source n. 2 a.]
1. The act, on the part of a bird, of rising from the ground, as giving the hawk an opportunity to strike. Only in phr. at (the) souse.
1486Bk. St. Albans, Hawking d j b, Iff youre hawke nym the fowle a lofte: ye shall say she toke it at the mounte or at the souce. 1575Turberv. Faulconrie 127 The Sparowhawkes do vse to kill the fowle at the Sowrce or Souse, as the Goshawkes do, whiche nature hathe taught them. c1595Capt. Wyatt Dudley's Voy. (Hakl. Soc.) 20 The fowle noe soener is putt of from the ryver for the servinge of her, but præsentlie shee falleth and killeth her praie at sowce. 1618Latham Falconry (1633) 49 That will cause her to..master them, as it were, at the sowce, within a short space, being no way able in that season to make wing, to hold out before such a Hawke. 1620Fletcher Chances iv. i, Her feares creeping upon her, Dead as a fowle at souse, she'll sinke.
fig.1600W. Watson Decacordon (1602) 145 They [Jesuits] haue, like great fawcons or hawkes of the Tower, firmely seazed vpon the pray, kild, at randon, wing, or souce.
2. The act, on the part of a hawk, of swooping down upon a bird. Also fig.
Perh. partly due to confusion with souse n.2
1590Spenser F.Q. ii. xi. 36 As a Faulcon faire That once hath failed of her souse full neare. a1618Sylvester Maiden's Blush 342 The stout Ger-Faulcon stoopeth at the Herne, With sudden Souse, that many scarce discerne. 1638Ford Fancies iii. ii, I presume she is a wanton, And therefore mean to give the sowse whenever I find the game on wing.
▪ IV. † souse, n.4 Obs.
Forms: (see below).
[a. OF. sous (also soux, souz), pl. of sout, solt, later sol sol n.3 and sou sou. See also soulx.
Instances in rime show that the usual pron. was |saʊs|: cf. Smart (1836) ‘in plain vulgar English we say a sowse’.]
1. A French coin and money of account, equal to the twentieth part of a livre; a sol or sou.
a. pl. α6 sousz, 6–8 sous, 7 soues. β6 sowse (sowese), 6–7 souse, 6, 8 souce, 7 sowce.
For 19th cent. examples of sous see sou.
α1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 190 Item xv. sousz of Burdeux makithe a franke whiche is ij. s. a1513Fabyan Chron. vii. ccxxxv. (1516) 158 They shuld paye to the sayd Abbot & Couent lx. M. Sous. 1600Surflet Countrie Farme i. xxi. 120 The men of old..sold them in the time of the Romaines for ten Sous a peece. 1633in Northern N. & Q. I. 93 My fencin and dansin extendes monthli to 25 lib. 10 soues. 1707in Sewall's Diary (1879) II. 37* Shot..was Sold at 13 Sous per Pound.
β1512Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. IV. 294 Aucht hundretht foure skoire three frankis xj sowse, spendit be the said Johne Balȝard. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. V, 45 b, A greate part of the women and children he expelled the toune, gevyng to every poore creature five sowse. 1586T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. I. 426 A bill..wherein is set downe 20. souse for two new sleeves to his old dublet. 1600Hakluyt Voy. (1810) III. 258, I thinke all that they had together..was not worth five souce. a1618Raleigh Obs. in Remains (1661) 200 The King hath raised his silver four Sowce in the Crown. 1690Strutton Relat. Cruelties of French 27 Here our grand Driver..gave us five Souse a Man. 1759B. Martin Nat. Hist. I. 128 The Plaintiff must allow him five Souce per day.
b. sing. α6–9 sous. β6–7, 9 sowse, 7 sowce; 6–9 souse.
αa1513Fabyan Chron. vii. ccxxxv. (1516) 158 A sous is in value after starlyng money 1.d. ob. 1568Satir. Poems Reform. xlvi. 38 Quhair scho findis a fallow fyne, He wilbe frawcht-fre for a sous. 1611Cotgr., Sol, a Sous, or the French shilling. 1675H. Nevile tr. Machiavelli's Wks., State France 262 A sous or penny a day for their Chamber. 1808Sporting Mag. XXXII. 63 Such a potful, indeed, costs only one sous. 1823in J. A. Heraud Voy. & Mem. Midshipman viii. (1837) 137 Grapes are a sous a pound, and peaches twelve for a sous, which is a halfpenny.
β1528Sir R. Weston in Dillon Calais & Pale (1892) 91 Of every cowe or oxe j souse frenche. 1547Boorde Introd. Knowl. xxvii. (1870) 191 A sowse is worth .xii. bras pens. 1624Heywood Captives v. iii. in Bullen O. Pl. IV, Tush, offer me a sowse but not in th' eare. 1655tr. Sorel's Com. Hist. Francion v. 10 The Showes at the Fair of St. Germans, which he had seen not long before for a Souse. a1658Cleveland Model New Rel. 21 For Sprats are rose an Omer for a Souse.
c. pl. 6 souces, sowces, Sc. soussis, sowsis, 6–7 sowses, 7 souses, souzes.
1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. clv. 187 Labourers and worke⁓men..shall pay x. souces. 1550Records of Elgin (New Spald. Cl.) I. 103 Ordanit that na persoun..rafuse ..sowsis that pass nocht throch the ring and mesour. 1577in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. iii. IV. 25 The Frenche Kinge hathe coyned newe sowces. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xv. 94 A fat Mutton was solde for sixe Souses of Paris money. 1655tr. Sorel's Com. Hist. Francion viii. 28, I have consented to give six Souses for that which is worth but four.
2. Taken as a type of a small coin or amount, with an expressed or implied negative.
α1570Satir. Poems Reform. xx. 78 The murther..thay do deny, And countis ȝow not ane sous. 1677Otway Cheats of Scapin ii. i, Not a Sous, damn'd Rascal, let him turn Foot-Soldier and be hang'd. 1709E. Ward Rambling Fuddle-Caps 13 But, Nouns, if the Rake-hell continues thus loose, In Revenge, I'll not leave the young Rebel a Sous. 1761Churchill Rosciad 212 Next came the treasurer of either house; One with full purse, t'other with not a sous. 1805R. Anderson Cumbld. Ball. 31 Silly Tom Linton left nit worth a sous.
β1676D'Urfey Mme. Fickle i. i, He has no Money now, not a souse—I know it. 1694Echard Plautus 199 By George, you shan't be a Sowce the better for what's in it. 1708S. Centlivre Busie Body i. i, Sir Geo. How cam'st thou by such a liberal Education? Cha. Not a Souse out of his Pocket, I assure you. 1782F. Burney Cecilia viii. viii, There was your friend,..that shot out his brains without paying any body a souse. 1812Colman Br. Grins, Elder Bro. (1819) 113 To lounge, and chat, not minding time a souse. 1815W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 157 The first, though at times having scarcely a souse, Talks loudly, forsooth, of her Old Manor House.
▪ V. souse, n.5|saʊs|
Also 8 souze.
[f. souse v.1]
1. a. An act of sousing; a plunge into, immersion in, or drenching with, water; dial., a wash.
1741Lady M. W. Montagu Corr. (1906) I. 88, I have sent for my bathing Cloaths, and on Sunday night shall take a souze. 1793Minstrel I. 185, I was a little unsensed by my sudden souse into the stream. 1820Scott Monast. v, Still keeping her hand on his collar, she gave him two or three good souses in the watery fluid. 1864Duke of Manchester Court & Society I. 192 A sack and a souse in the river not suiting his tastes. 1889Gretton Memory's Harkback 107, I was once saved from a souse in Milford Haven by the coachman's presence of mind.
b. A heavy drinking-bout. U.S. slang.
1903G. Ade People you Know 13 (heading) The periodical souse. 1930E. Wallace Calendar xviii. 244 If ever a man had an excuse for a souse, you've got it. 1946E. O'Neill Iceman Cometh iii. 199 Bejees, we'll go on a grand old souse together.
2. A sound as of water surging against something.
1883F. M. Crawford Mr. Isaacs x. 212 His voice was again drowned in the swish and souse of the water.
3. A drunkard. slang (chiefly U.S.).
1915J. London Jacket 213, I remember you mentioned playing chess with that royal souse of an emperor's brother. 1936Wodehouse Laughing Gas i. 11 The lad.., who is pretty generally recognized as London W.1's most prominent souse. 1953R. Chandler Long Good-Bye v. 27 Sylvia is not a souse. When she does get over the edge it's pretty drastic.
▪ VI. souse, n.6 Arch.
[AF. souse (1395 in Rymer Fœd. VII. 794), app. a later form of source n. 1.]
(See quots. and source n. 1.)
1836Parker Gloss. Archit. (1850) I. 431 Souse, an old term for a corbel, now become obsolete. 1842Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Souse or Source, a support or under-prop.
▪ VII. souse, v.1|saʊs|
Forms: 4– souse, 4–8 sowse (6 sawse, sewse), 7 souze, 7–8 sowze, 9 dial. soose; 5–7 sowce, 6–7, 9 souce.
[f. souse n.1, or ad. OF. *souser.]
I. trans.
1. a. To prepare or preserve (meat, fish, etc.) by steeping in some kind of pickle, esp. one made with vinegar or other tart liquor.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 217 Þere Tostius hakked his broþer servantes, and sowsede here lemes, and sente word to þe kyng þat..he schulde have salt mete i-now. c1400Mandeville (1839) xxiii. 251 Thei sleen hem alle, and kutten of hire Eres, and sowcen hem in Vynegre. c1430Two Cookery-bks. 12 An ȝif it sowsyd be, lete it stepe a whyle in hot water tyl it be tendere. a1500Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 123 Loe! heares a sheepes heade sawsed in ale. 1530Palsgr. 725/2, I souce meate, I laye it in some tarte thynge, as they do brawne or suche lyke. 1597Breton Wit's Trenchmour Wks. (Grosart) II. 11/1 A Tench sowsed, a Smelt fried, and a Shrimp new sodden, are serued in their best kindes. 1641W. Cartwright Lady-Errant v. i, If they catch the Amazons, They sowce 'em straight, as we do pig, by quarters, Or else do pickle 'em up for winter sallads. 1697Phil. Trans. XIX. 618 An excellently well tasted fish, especially when soused. 1771E. Haywood New Present for Maid 268 To souce a Capon. 1782F. Burney Cecilia v. ix, Got a lobster, and two crabs;..stink already;..forced to souse 'em in vinegar. 1859Trollope West Indies iii. 44 No Horace will teach us..how best to souse our living poultry, so that their fibres when cooked may not offend our teeth.
fig.1625B. Jonson Staple of N. iv. iv. (1905) 95 Fine Songs, Which we will haue at dinner, steept in claret, And against supper, sowc't in sacke. a1704T. Brown Contin. Quaker's Serm. Wks. 1709 III. ii. 4 Sowse us therefore in the Powdering-Tub of thy Mercy, that we may be Tripes fit for the Heavenly Table.
b. transf. To steep or soak in honey, oil, etc.
1636Davenant Wits (1673) 206 You talk'd too of fat Snails..Sous'd in Luca Oyl. 1658tr. Porta's Nat. Magic iv. ix. 129 Quinces..to be smeared over with wax, and then to be sowsed in honey.
2. a. To plunge or immerse (a person, etc.) deeply or thoroughly in or into water, etc. Also with other preps. and without const.
(a)1470–85Malory Arthur ix. xix. 366 He sousyd sire Dagonet in that welle. 1530Palsgr. 725/2 He souced him in the water over heed and eares. 1570B. Googe Pop. Kingd. iii. (1880) 31 But such as..unbelieuers be, No pardon haue though ten times in the fludde they sowsed be. 1600Surflet Countrie Farme i. xxviii. 170 To souse him euery day..in sea water, three or fower times a day. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 158 To be soused over head and ears in cold water. 1703Steele Tender Husb. iii. iii, When I like thee, may I be soused over head and ears in a horse-pond! 1836Sir G. Head Home Tour 418 Twice during the passage, one horse..as narrowly as possible escaped being soused in the canal. 1865M. Arnold Ess. Crit. viii. 267 A blazing caldron in which Beelzebub is sousing the damned.
(b)1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme i. lxvii. 328 You shall gently take the Hiue from the stone, and sowse it into a sowe of water. 1709Steele Tatler No. 15 ⁋2 He sous'd me Head and Ears into a Pail of Water. 1720Pol. Ballads (1860) II. 203 For now the contrivers are tipt with a fee If they souse the subscribers into the South Sea. 1793Regal Rambler 64 He..overturned Master Tommy..and soused him into a deep ditch. 1807–8W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 328 To ascertain the fact by sousing him into a kettle of hot water.
(c)1596Nashe Saffron Walden 4 Like a horse plunging through the myre in the deep of winter, now soust vp to the saddle, and straight aloft on his tiptoes. 1663J. Heath Flagellum 13 The said Master of Mis-rule perceiving the matter, caused him..to be thrown into a Pond adjoyning to the House, and there to be sous'd over head and ears. 1736Fielding Pasquin iv. Wks. 1784 III. 282 One..tumbled down, And he and all his briefs were sous'd together. 1806J. Neild in Pettigrew Mem. Lettsom (1817) II. 197 On this [chair] the woman was placed, and soused three times under water.
b. In pa. pple. with implication of sense 3.
1508Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. cxlii. Wks. (1876) 244 The synner is lyke vnto a sowe sowsed in dyrte & myre. 1580Blundevil Horsemanship iv. xxxvi. 17 b, Take a peece of Sponge sowsed well in strong Vinegar. 1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. vii. lxxiii, His soul quite sowced lay in grapie bloud. 1712Arbuthnot John Bull (1727) 109 Like Ulysses upon his plank after he had been well soused in salt-water. 1747Richardson Clarissa (1811) II. xxiii. 149 To send her home well soused in..our deepest horse-pond. 1845Darwin Voy. Nat. iv. (1879) 76 My animal fell, and I was well soused in black mire.
c. fig. or in fig. context.
1567Satir. Poems Reform. iv. 100 Quhat toung..in silence suir can rest? To se ane saule in sorow sowsit. 1583Greene Mamillia Wks. (Grosart) II. 117 This new betrothed couple..are..soused in the seas of sorrow. 1646G. Daniel Poems Wks. (Grosart) II. 4 Some souce in bitter Inke, The venome which they thinke, To taxe the Times. 1680Otway Caius Marius iv. i, Let us to yon adjacent Village, and sowse our selves in good Falernium. a1734North Examen i. i. §21 (1740) 25 Then comes the Treaty and we know not which way to turn, till the Author souces us down in Intrigue. 1781C. Johnston Hist. J. Juniper II. 236 The poverty I had lately been soused in, sweetened my present affluence. 1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 146 But the planter tells him all, sousing him in torrents of words.
3. a. To drench or soak with water, etc.
a1542Wyatt Mean & Sure Estate Poems (1810) 385 The stormy blastes her caue so sore did sowse;..That..She must lye colde, and wet. 1555Bradford in Coverdale's Lett. Martyrs (1564) 281 The showres that ye nowe feele and are soused in. 1594Merry Knack to know a Knave in Hazl. Dodsley VI. 565 Sous'd with the surge of Neptune's wat'ry main. 1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Discov. by Sea Wks. ii. 22/1 We were enclosed with most dangerous sands. There were we sowsd & slabber'd, wash'd & dash'd. 1786F. Burney Diary 6 Oct., After being wet through over head, and soused through under feet,..what lives we do lead! 1810E. D. Clarke Trav. Russia (1839) 34/1, I descended a second time, and was again soused with vessels of water. 1822Miss Mitford in L'Estrange Life (1870) II. vii. 153, I am afraid [he] got soused in the thunder⁓storm, owing to his gallantry. 1871Meredith H. Richmond xi, Then the engines arrived and soused the burning houses.
b. fig. in various senses. † In 18th cent., to impose upon, to swindle, etc.
1545Primer Henry VIII (Parker Soc.) 99 We have now suffered much punishment, being soused with so many wars. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. John viii. 59 Inwardly in their hertes soused and washed with much more enormious sin. 1608Middleton Trick to catch Old One i. iv. 68, I soused 'em with bills of charges. 1678Otway Friendship in F. iv. i, Death, and the Devil! how that puny Rogue Valentine has souced me? 1778Foote Trip Calais i. Wks. 1799 II. 341, I reckon, your lordships were swingingly sous'd on the road? 1832Cobbett Rur. Rides (1885) II. 383 The Dean and Chapter of Durham..souse him so often with their fines. 1901Daily News 2 Mar. 3/4 When the guns and pom-poms came into action at a gallop and soused the kopjes with shells.
c. Of rain or water: To drown out (a fire).
1891Baring-Gould In Troubadour-Land viii. 110, I found that rain and wind had blown and soused out their little fire.
d. To intoxicate thoroughly. Chiefly in pa. pple. Now slang.
1613[see soused ppl. a. 2]. 1902H. L. Wilson Spenders ix. 87, I could see then that he was good and soused. 1953K. Tennant Joyful Condemned xxxi. 306 Grandma used to get a bit soused sometimes, but she fed me O.K. 1976M. Russell Double Deal vi. 46 Ralph's a pro. He's soused every night, and I don't recall an edition going astray yet.
†4. With up: ? To bring to extremities. Obs.
1534More Comf. agst. Trib. i. Wks. 1163/1 Let hym go to no leache craft, nor any maner phisick,..for sirops shold sowce him vp. c1557How a Serjeaunt 20 in Hazl. E.P.P. III. 120 An olde trotte..With hir phisicke will keepe one sicke, till she haue sowsed him vp.
5. To dash or pour (a quantity of water or something containing this). Const. into, on, etc.
1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede xxviii, ‘Dip my cravat in and souse it on my head’. The water seemed to do him some good. 1901Buchanan Poems 44 (E.D.D.), A pail o' cauld water..was soosed into my face.
II. intr.
6. a. To soak; to be or become soaked or drenched; to fall with a plunge; to go plunging or sinking in water, etc.
c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxvi. 123 Þai..layes þam in vynegre for to sowce. 1584–7Greene Carde of Fancie Wks. (Grosart) IV. 81 Iupiter himselfe,..if I had sowsed in the roaring Seas,..would haue prouided some happie Dolphin. 1593Nashe Christ's T. (Grosart) IV. 54 All the sinnes of the first World now welter, souse, and beate vnquietly in the Sea. 1678Shipman Hen. III of France ii. ii, Through the lowest Region I flew, Sousing through falling Bogs of Dew. 1679Alsop Melius Inq. ii. iii. 256 Men of parts..are necessitated to sowze over head and ears into Compliance at first Dash. 1781F. Burney Let. to Mrs. Thrale 6 Feb., How shall I keep from stepping into a post-chaise, and sousing through Gascoyne Lane to look after you? 1840Thackeray Barber Cox Sept., The vessel rode off a little, the board slipped, and down I soused into the water. 1898M. Hewlett Forest Lovers vi, It's a pity to disturb this baby of mine. Saracen and I had better souse.
b. dial. To have a thorough wash.
1895Dialect Notes (Amer. Dial. Soc.) I. 400 I'll go and souse. 1897Jane Lordship xvii. 201 Sousing down to the waist every Sabbath morning.
c. To drink so as to become intoxicated, to carouse. slang.
1921E. O'Neill in Theatre Arts Mag. V. 32 Ain't you sousin' with 'em most every day? 1923M. Watts Luther Nichols 43 Just as they're middling honest and don't souse.
†7. To flow or fall in copious streams. Obs.
1591Drayton Harmony of the Church (Percy Soc.) 14 The surging seas came sousing in againe. 1648J. Beaumont Psyche i. xix, Three times he spew'd Fell sulphur upward: which when on his face It soused back, foul Blasphemy ensu'd. Ibid. xiv. clix, That storm in full career Broke down and sous'd directly on His Head.
▪ VIII. souse, v.2 Now dial.|saʊs|
Forms: 6 sowse, 6– souse (8 dial. sawse, 9 Sc. soose); 6, 8 souce, 7 sowce.
[Related to souse n.2]
1. To strike, smite, or beat severely or heavily.
15..Parl. Byrdes 128 in Hazl. E.P.P. III. 173 Than prayed all the common house, That some myght the hauke souse. [Cf. 136 To distroy the Hauke and all his blood.] 1575Gamm. Gurton iii. iii. 46 Hoyse her, souse her, bounce her, trounce her, pull out her throte-boule. 1596Spenser F.Q. iv. iv. 30 So sore he sowst him on the compast creast. c1630Triplet in Aubrey Brief Lives (1898) I. 264 He took up the pillion Of his bouncing maid Jillian, And sowc't her like a baggage. 1703Thoresby Lett., Souse, or Sawse, on the ears, v. to box. 1725New Cant. Dict., To Souse, to fall upon, to beat cruelly; also to plunder or kill. a1743Relph Misc. Poems (1747) 4 Up flew her hand to souse the cowren lad. 1787W. Taylor Scottish Poems 112 For soundly did he souse my pate. 1809–in dial. glossaries, etc.
b. With advs. or preps.: To dash against, knock or cast down, etc., with or by a heavy blow or impact.
a1593Marlowe tr. 1st Bk. Lucan 296 Souse downe the wals, and make a passage forth. 1789Mrs. Piozzi Journ. France I. 399 The people..always take delight to souce an Englishman's hat upon his head. a1813A. Wilson Foresters Poet. Wks. (Belfast ed.) 263 Musk-rats and 'possums in each hand he bore;..And as he soused them down with surly gloom [etc.]. 1828Moir Mansie Wauch xv. 221 The de'il..soosing her doun frae the lift, she landit in that hole.
†2. absol. To deliver heavy blows. Obs.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. v. 8 As when a Gryfon..A Dragon fiers encountreth in his flight,..With hideous horrour both together smight, And souce so sore, that they the heauens affray. 1596Ibid. iv. iii. 25 He stroke, he soust, he foynd, he hewd, he lasht.
3. intr. To fall heavily or with some weight.
1596Spenser F.Q. iv. v. 36 About the Andvile standing..With huge great hammers, that did neuer rest From heaping stroakes, which thereon soused sore. a1600Floddan F. vii. (1664) 72 Them Tennis-balls he sousing sent. 1701Cibber Love makes Man i. i, About eight o'Clock..flap they all sous'd upon their Knees. 1812W. Tennant Anster F. iv. xxx. 84 Successively they souse and roll along, Till..the carcase-cumber'd soil Is strewn with havock of the jumping throng. 1825Brockett N.C. Gloss., Souse,..to fall with violence. 1858R. S. Surtees Ask Mamma xxix. 116 He drew a duplicate chair to the fire,..and, sousing down in it, prepared for a..chat.
▪ IX. souse, v.3 Now arch.|saʊs|
Forms: 6– souse, 6–8 sowse (7 sowsse), 7 sowze, sowce.
[f. souse n.3 2.]
1. intr. Of a hawk, etc.: To swoop down; to descend with speed and force. Freq. const. on or upon (a bird, etc.), and sometimes with down.
1589Warner Albion's Eng. ii. xxxi. 139 Kind killing Hawkes but wagge the wing, and worke to sowse anon. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. v. 1087 But suddenly..Down soust the Eagle on the blazing wood. 1626T. H[awkins] Caussin's Holy Crt. 63 If the dogges spring some little bird, she [the hobby] sowceth vpon it. 1693Dryden, etc. Juvenal xiv. (1697) 343 The Generous Eaglet, who is taught..to fly at Hares, and sowse on Kids. 1720Pope Iliad xvii. 765 The sacred eagle..sousing on the quivering hare. 1762Beattie Pigm. & Cranes 162 A fowl enormous, sousing from above, The gallant chieftain clutch'd. 1806J. Grahame Birds of Scot. 70 Now up she rises, and, with arrowed pinions, Impetuous souses.
b. transf. and fig. of persons or things.
1583T. Watson Poems (Arb.) 103 For when he first espyde my raunging Heart, He Falcon like came sowsing from aloofe. 1590Lodge Euphues Gold. Leg. H iv, Be blythe and frolicke man, Loue sowseth as low as she soareth high. 1668Dryden Even. Love iv. i, I love to stoop to my prey, and to have it in my power to souse at, when I please. 1670― 2nd Pt. Almanzor & Alm. v, As some huge Rock..So I—Would sowze upon thy Guards, and dash 'em wide. 1729G. Shelvocke Artillery v. 351 Mounted on a winged Steed..and sowsing directly upon the Monster. 1738Pope Epil. Satires ii. 15 Come on then, Satire! gen'ral, unconfin'd, Spread thy broad wing, and souse on all the kind. 1769Burke Corr. (1844) I. 206 In the style of Lord Chatham's politics, to keep hovering in the air, over all parties, and to souse down where the prey may prove best. 1808Scott in Lockhart (1839) I. 65, I was not permitted to open my lips without one or two old ladies..being ready at once to souse upon me.
2. trans.
a. To strike down (a bird) by a powerful swoop. rare—1.
15941st Pt. Contention ii. i, How hie your Hawke did sore? And on a sodaine soust the Partridge downe.
b. To swoop or pounce upon (something) in a hostile manner.
1595Shakes. John v. ii. 150 The gallant Monarch..like an Eagle, o're his ayerie towres, To sowsse annoyance that comes neere his Nest. 1616B. Jonson Devil an Ass iv. vii, He did fly her home To mine own window: but I think I sou[s]'t him, And rauish'd her away, out of his pownces. [1898J. A. Gibbs Cotswold Vill. xii. 274 Ere the falcon ‘souses’ her prey.]
▪ X. souse, adv.1 Now chiefly dial.|saʊs|
Also 7–8 souce, 8 sowse.
[f. souse n.3 or v.3]
1. Suddenly; without warning.
1680Vind. Conform. Clergy (ed. 2) 32 He dares not so much as lift up a Finger;..if he doth, souce, he hath him in the Chops immediately. 1728Vanbr. & Cib. Prov. Husb. i. i, Then sowse! we are all set fast in a Slough.
2. With a direct and rapid course.
1690Dryden Amphitryon i. i, He's coming down souse upon us, and hears as far as he can see too. 1755Smollett Quix. ii. iii. ix. (1803) IV. 27 We shall come souse upon the kingdom of Candaya, as a saker or jerfaulcon darts down upon a heron.
3. With strong or violent impact; heavily.
1694Motteux Rabelais iv. lxvii. (1737) 276 Vinet lent him..a swinging stoater with the Pitch-fork souce between the Neck and the Collar. 1730Young 1st Ep. to Pope Wks. 1757 I. 186 They,..looking full on every man they meet, Run souse against his chaps. 1789Wolcot (P. Pindar) Expost. Odes ix. 29 Our world..Would rather see a fellow..from the attic story of a house Fall down souse Upon a set of cursed iron spikes. 1818Scott Br. Lamm. xx, I hoped it would have fallen souse on your heads before you were aware of it. 1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. v. vii. II. 128 Gundling comes souse upon the ice with his sitting-part.
▪ XI. souse, adv.2|saʊs|
Also 8 souce, 9 sowse.
[f. souse n.1 or v.1]
With a sudden or deep plunge.
1706–7Farquhar Beaux' Strat. v. iii, Now..all our fair Machine goes souse into the Sea like the Edistone. 1838Barham Ingol. Leg. Ser. i. Hand of Glory, Into Tappington mill-dam souse she goes. 1856R. A. Vaughan Mystics (1860) I. vi. viii. 261 As he flounders about, out tumbles the book; he lets go his staff, and makes after it; and souse he goes, over head and ears in a twinkling. 1882W. Ballantine Exper. xxxiii, Just as he was stepping on board, souse he went into the sea.
fig.1749Cleland Mem. Woman Pleasure (1894) 2, I go souce into my personal history. 1760Sterne Tr. Shandy ii. xii. 51 Here have you got us..souse into that old subject again. 1824in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. (1825) 129 Into all sorts of subjects, both known and unknown, Mr. Hume goes what one may call souse. 1872Browning Fifine lxv, Foiled by the very effort, sowse, Underneath ducks the soul! |