| 释义 |
▪ I. spauld Now Sc. and north.|spɔːld|
Forms: α. 4, 6, 9 spald, 5 spalde, spaulde, 4– spauld. β. 4–5 spaude, 5 spawd(e, 9 spaud. γ. 5, 8–9 spaul, 9 spawl, spoale, spaw-.
[a. OF. espalde, *espaulde, espaule, espalle (mod.F. épaule, = Prov. espatla, Sp., Pg. espalda, It. spalla) shoulder:—L. spatula spatula.]
1. The shoulder in man or animals; a shoulder of an animal used for food.
α1305–6in Cal. Doc. rel. Scotl. (1888) 392 Pro cxxxvj carcosiis bovium et ij spauld et ccciij baconibus. 1338Durh. Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 35 In spald et brusket' emp., xijd. a1400Sir Perc. 796, I kepe nothynge of thi coste Ne noghte of thi spalde. c1430Two Cookery-bks. 59 Spaulde de Motoun. 1513Douglas æneid x. xii. 60 The bustuus swyne..With spaldis hard and harsk. Ibid. xiv. 157 The knycht..Foundris fordwart flatlingis on hys spald. c1570in Bannatyne MS. (Hunter. Cl.) 269/37 For sen thay red amang our durris, With splent on spald and rousty spurris. a1585Montgomerie Flyting 304 With bockblood and bean⁓shaw, speven sprung in the spald. a1802Kinmont Willie xvii. in Scott Minstr. Sc. Border, With spur on heel and splent on spauld. 1820Hogg Sheph. Cal. i. (1829) I. 32 Some entire carcasses hung by the neck, some by a spauld. 1873D. Maclagan in Edwards Mod. Sc. Poets (1881) III. 180 Baith strang o' limb an' braid o' spauld.
βc1320Sir Tristr. 485 Þe spaude [printed spande] was þe first brede. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 155 Of woundis of þe spaude... Þe spawde is oon of þe iiij. boonys, þe which þat makþ þe foorme of þe schuldre. c1430Two Cookery-bks. 63 Spawdys de Motoun. c1440Promp. Parv. 467/2 Spawde, spatula. 1483Cath. Angl. 352 A Spawde, armus.
γc1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 165 If þer go ony breeþ þere, it wole do harme to þe spaulis. 1718Ramsay Christ's Kirk Gr. iii. xvi, ‘Wae worth ye'r drunken saul,’ Quoth she, and lap out o'er a stool, And claught him be the spaul. 1724― Vision v, A various rainbow-colourt plaid Owre his left spaul he threw. 1788Picken Poems 59 For they, some night,..Might lug us by the spaul to Satan. 1899Cumbld. Gloss. 309/2 Spoale,..a butcher's term for the cut between the neck and the forecrop; the thin or flat portion of the shoulder blade.
2. transf. A limb, leg, etc.; any joint of the carcass of a beast or bird.
1500–20Dunbar Poems lxi. 64, I wald be spurrit at everie spald. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 87 The theif takar suld haif the forder spald. 1570Satir. Poems Reform. xxiv. 47 At euerie port a spald of the to hing, As tratouris sould, for schuitting vnder trest. 1715Ramsay Christ's Kirk Gr. ii. xx, Wi' hind and fore spaul of a sheep. 1746Graham Hist. Rebellion (1774) 92 Their Brigadier In every spaul did quake for fear. 1807–10R. Tannahill Poems (1846) 30 She tore poor chucky spawl frae spawl. 1831J. Wilson Noct. Ambr. (1856) III. 214 For half a mile, the bubbly, being longer in the spald, would outstep the gander.
3. black spauld, a disease of cattle; black quarter, quarter-evil, or quarter-ill. Sc.
1807Prize Ess. & Trans. Highland Soc. III. 368 Mr. J. Hog says..that it is the same disease with the black spauld, which prevails among the young cattle in the west of Scotland, when the grasses fail.
4. attrib., as spauld-bone, the shoulder-bone (cf. spade-bone); spauld-ill, quarter-ill (cf. sense 3); spauld-piece (see quot. 1828).
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 155 Þe spawde-boon is þinne & brood twoward þe schuldris & in hise endis gristly. 1793Ure Hist. Rutherglen 191 The Spalliel [sic] in young cattle, is sometimes cured by [etc.]. 1828Carr Craven Gloss., Spaw-bone, the blade bone or shoulder bone. Hence, a piece of beef cut from the shoulder with a part of this bone, is called the spaw-piece.
▪ II. spauld
variant of spald v. |