| 释义 |
‖ couvade|kuːˈvɑːd, -æ-|
[a. obs. F. couvade; f. couver to hatch: see next. Cotgr. (1611) has couvade = couvée (covey) or couvement (brooding, sitting on eggs); whence the derisive phrase, faire la couvade ‘to sit cowring or skowking within dores, to lurke in the campe when Gallants are at the Battell’.]
A term applied by some writers to the ‘man-childbed’ attributed to some uncivilized or primitive races, and extended to comprehend a series of customs according to which, on the birth of a child, the father performs acts or simulates states natural or proper to the mother, or abstains for a time from certain foods or actions, as if he were physically affected by the birth.
1865Tylor Early Hist. Man. x. 288 One of these practices has an existing European name, the couvade, or ‘hatching,’ and this term it may be convenient to use for the whole set. Ibid. x. 294 The country..where Marco Polo met with the practice of the couvade in the thirteenth century, appears to be the Chinese province of West Yunnan. 1871Yule Marco Polo Note 3 to ii. l. 57 This highly eccentric practice has been ably illustrated and explained by Mr. Tylor under the name of the Couvade or Hatching, by which it is known in some of the Béarn districts of the Pyrenees.
[Fr. couvade (in R. Etienne 1543, Ph. Monet 1626) was a word of the same class as croisade crusade, in which the suffix -ade, adapted from Pr. and Sp. -ada, It. -ada, -ata, is substituted for the cognate F. -ée, from L. -āta: see -ade. It was thus etymologically a doublet of couvée, covey. As applied to men the phrase faire la couvade appears to have been merely derisive. The recent application of the word in anthropology is due to Dr. E. B. Tylor, following M. Francisque Michel Le Pays Basque (1857) 201, where the ‘man-childbed’ attributed to the Basques and Béarnese, is said to be so called by the latter. But this is a mistake, traceable to a statement as to the phrase faire la couvade, in Rochefort's Hist. Naturelle et Morale des Antilles (1658) 494–5, repeated with variations by a sequence of later writers. It is not true that couvade was ever a name for the practice in Béarn; the Béarnese coade is simply = F. couvée, a covey of chickens. Further, the pretended existence of the practice in Béarn and among the Basques appears to be merely the echo of a statement of Strabo as to the ancient Celtiberians, loosely repeated by one compiler after another as a commonplace of history. (See Academy 29 Oct., 5 and 19 Nov., 10 and 17 Dec. 1892.)] |