| 释义 |
▪ I. raid, n.|reɪd|
Forms: 5–6 rade, 7 radde, 5 raide, 5–6, 9 raid.
[Sc. form of OE. rád road, revived by Scott and subsequently adopted in general use, with extension of meaning. In sense 3 perh. partly a. F. rade, † radde: see also reid.]
I.
1. a. A military expedition on horseback; a hostile and predatory incursion, properly of mounted men; a foray, inroad.
c1425Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxxiv. 5034 Schyr Andrew syne wyth stalwart hand Made syndry radis in Ingland. 1528in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) II. 348 note, The said Erle..procurit divers radis to be maid upon the brokin men of our realme. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 61 The Scottis maid dywerse incurtiouns and raidis in Ingland. 1805Scott Last Minstr. v. xxviii, In raids he spilt but seldom blood. 1818― Rob Roy Introd., A war which opened the low country to the raids of the clan Gregor. a1839Praed Poems (1864) II. 14 His Highland plaid, Long borne in foray and in raid. 1868G. Duff Pol. Surv. 215 The people of Uruguay accuse the Rio Grandians of making raids into their territory.
attrib.1806Jamieson Pop. Ball. & Songs I. Pref. 7 A parcel of raid ballads of the Border.
b. A ‘lifting’ of cattle by means of a raid. rare.
1867M. E. Herbert Cradle L. v. 153 A ‘raid’ of cattle..by the tribe of whom their escort was composed.
c. = air-raid. Also attrib. and Comb.
1908H. G. Wells War in Air xi. 354 The Asiatics endeavoured to establish..fortified centres from which flying-machine raids could be made. 1916Mrs. Belloc Lowndes Let. 2 Nov. (1971) 77 The Raid night was horrid... Every moment we expected to hear the bombs drop close by or on us, for the machines sounded overhead. 1917R. Fry Let. 6 Oct. (1972) II. 417 There was a scare of a raid on Monday while I was hanging at Heal's. We were all shepherded down into the basement. 1939H. Nicolson Diary 3 Sept. (1966) 422 We learn afterwards that the whole raid-warning was a mistake. 1940[see auxiliary a. 1 b]. 1942‘N. Shute’ Pied Piper i. 9, I thought of ringing her up, but it's not a very good thing to clutter up the lines during a raid. 1953C. Day Lewis Italian Visit ii. 31 Recall how flyers from a raid returning, Lightened of one death, were elected for another. 1974Listener 7 Feb. 176/3 My father..had the idea that we were being shelled from the river—no one thought anything about a raid from above. Ibid. 177/1 By the autumn of 1915, there had been 19 zeppelin raids... They were raids intended to bring Britain to her knees.
2. transf. and fig.
a. An invading troop or company, as of raiders.
1826Scott Jrnl. 8 Apr., We expect a raid of folks to visit us this morning.
b. A rush, charge, hurried movement.
1861N. A. Woods Tour Pr. Wales Canada 50 In the reckless indiscriminate raid made to all parts of the States, emigrants often commit the most ruinous mistakes. 1877A. B. Edwards Up Nile iii. 51 A rapid raid into some of the nearest shops, for things remembered at the last moment.
c. A sudden or vigorous descent, onset, or attack upon something which it is intended to seize, suppress, or destroy. Also, = police raid s.v. police n. 6.
1873Smiles Huguenots Fr. i. ii. (1881) 14 There was..a general raid upon Protestant literature all over France. 1878Morley Diderot I. 106 A stern raid was made upon all the scribblers in Paris. 1892A. W. Pinero Magistrate iii. 109 Lugg..(Reading) ‘Raid on a West End Hotel. At an early hour this morning ―’ Wormington. Yes..a case of assault upon the police. a1922T. S. Eliot Waste Land Drafts (1971) 5 We've only had a raid last week, I've been warned twice. 1924J. Buchan Three Hostages xv. 215 It would never do for him to be caught in a raid on a dance-club. 1973W. McCarthy Detail iii. 264 We're making a raid and will need your help. Can you have your cars and sheriffs' cars block all the roads from Palm Springs?
d. A forceful or insistent attempt at making a person or group provide something. Const. on, upon.
1931Economist 10 Jan. 58/1 Although he is willing to ask for a further $100,000,000 to $150,000,000 for constructional and other public works, he is averse to spectacular raids on the Treasury for relief purposes. 1940T. S. Eliot East Coker v. 14 Each venture Is a new beginning, a raid on the inarticulate With shabby equipment always deteriorating In the general mess of imprecision of feeling. 1967Listener 23 Mar. 404/2 Here..we have..one who has..devoted long years..to a series of attempts, raids upon the articulate, at making available to the English tradition this least accessible of German poets.
e. dawn raid (Stock Exchange slang), a swift operation effected early in trading whereby a stockbroker obtains for his client a markedly increased shareholding in a company (freq. preparatory to a take-over) by clandestine buying from other substantial shareholders.
1980Times 28 May 17/6 ‘Dawn raids’, in which a stock-market raider suddenly buys a substantial stake in a company and possibly denies non-professional shareholders the opportunity to sell at a price above that in the market, were causing a ‘great deal of anxiety’. Ibid. 22 July 17 De Beers went into the market on the morning of February 12 and bought another 11·6 per cent in a ‘dawn raid’. 1981Bookseller 21 Feb. 568/3 Following his ‘dawn raid’ last July, which gained him 29·4 per cent of BPC, Robert Maxwell..clearly plans to secure and consolidate his control of the group.
II.
†3. A roadstead for ships. Obs. Cf. road.
1445Recs. Burgh Edinb. (1869) 8 Shipps that commys in the havin or in the raide. c1470Henry Wallace ix. 264 Be this the schippis was in the Rochell raid. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 10 Sone tha let saill and straik into the raid, And ankeris cast. 1609Skene tr. Reg. Maj. 122 (Burrow Lawes c. 27) His shippe is in the radde. 1636Charter in Maitland Hist. Edin. (1753) iii. 264 The aforesaid Port,..Harbour, Soil, and Raid of Leith.
▪ II. raid, v.|reɪd|
Also 8 rhaad.
[f. prec. n.]
1. a. intr. To go upon, or take part in a raid.
1865Intell. Observ. No. 38. 104 To raid in the surrounding country. 1879Academy 11 Oct. 261/2 English sportsmen who raid with rifle and hound among the Rocky Mountain game. 1885Manch. Exam. 28 May 4/6 He hides in the mountain fastnesses..whence he raids into the settlements.
b. Of speculators in a market or stock-exchange: To act so as to depress prices or create uncertainty as to values.
1889Times 9 Mar., A further decline..due to a ‘bear’ clique raiding.
2. trans. To make a raid on (a place, person, cattle, etc.). to raid the market (see 1 b).
1880New Virgin. II. 208 Their apple and peach orchard had been ‘raided’. 1887J. Hatton Old Ho. at Sandwich I. iii. vii. 200 The police had raided the house almost simultaneously with my entrance. 1894[see raider a]. 1902R. Machray Night Side of London xi. 173 Such dens have been raided by the police out of existence. 1908H. G. Wells War in Air xi. 351 The Germans were..already raiding London and Paris when the advance fleets from the Asiatic air-parks..were reported. 1930L. G. D. Acland Early Canterbury Runs 1st Ser. vi. 138 A cowboy of his brought a disastrous career to an end by raiding the pantry. 1940C. Milburn Diary 1 July (1979) 49 It is a few days since the Channel Islands were raided. 1953K. Tennant Joyful Condemned ii. 12 This place..is..never raided... The Vice Squad are always in and out of the place two doors down—but us—we never seem to have them. 1970Daily Tel. 2 June 1/7 The Israeli Air Force yesterday raided Egyptian military positions near Port Said, killing five soldiers and wounding eight.
Hence ˈraided ppl. a.; ˈraiding vbl. n.
1785W. Hutton Bran New Wark 40 What debateable wark, what rhaading, and watching, and warding..alang the Border Service. 1824J. Hodgson in Raine Mem. (1858) II. 29 Such a race as figured in it during the border raiding. 1891Daily News 16 May 6/1 To arrest..every person..who might be found on the raided premises.
▪ III. raid
obs. variant of redd, spawn. Sc.
▪ IV. raid
obs. Sc. pa. tense ride, ray. |