| 释义 |
‖ crasis|ˈkreɪsɪs|
[Gr. κρᾶσις mixture, combination (also in the grammatical sense below), f. κεραννύναι to mix.]
1. The blending or combination of elements, ‘humours’, or qualities, in the animal body, in herbs, etc.
†a. As a permanent characteristic: Composition, constitution, temperament, ‘complexion’. Obs.
1616R. C. Times' Whistle ii. 647 His bodies crasis is angelicall. 1662Glanvill Lux Orient. iv. (1682) 32 He had transmitted..that excellent..temper of body; which should have been like his own happy crasis. 1768Month. Rev. 507 They have imagined them [animal spirits] of a somewhat diverse crasis..in different bodies. 1759Sterne Tr. Shandy I. xi, [Yorick] seemed not to have had one single drop of Danish blood in his whole crasis.
fig.1652Evelyn State of France Misc. Writ. (1805) 95 The complexion and crasis of this body politick. 1677Hale Prim. Orig. Man. i. ii. 61 There are lodged in the very crasis and constitution of the Soul certain rational Instincts. a1734North Exam. i. iii. §91 (1740) 186 But the Crasis of Times must account for all such Indecencies.
b. The combination of ‘humours’ or qualities constituting a state of health or disease; (healthy or diseased) condition. ? Obs.
16022nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. ii. i. (Arb.) 21, I have considered of the crasis, and syntoma of your disease. 1670Maynwaring Vita Sana i. 6 Virulent purgatives, that alienate the crases or ferments of the parts. 1767Gooch Treat. Wounds I. 75 In a dissolved Crasis of the blood. 1836Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 418/b, In malignant petechial fevers the crasis is so broken as to deposit a sooty powder.
†c. In wider sense: Mingling, mixture, combination. Obs.
1677Hale Contempl. ii. 56 The Heart is indeed the Crasis, or Collection of all the Powers of the Soul. 1683Tryon Way to Health 440 A most pleasant Crasis or Euphony of Temper, Thoughts and Operations.
2. Gr. Gram. The combination of the vowels of two syllables, esp. at the end of one word and beginning of the next, into one long vowel or diphthong; as in κα'γώ for καὶ ἐγώ, τού'νοµα for τὸ ὄνοµα.
The explanation given in quot. 1836 is that of the late Greek Grammarians, and in the Greek Grammars of the 16th c.
1833E. Robinson tr. Buttmann's Larger Grk. Gram. 60 Avoiding the hiatus..(1) by elision with the apostrophe; and (2) by contracting both syllables into one compound sound, or Crasis. 1836Edin. Acad. Grk. Rudiments (ed. 4) 14 There are three modes of contraction: Crasis, Synæresis, and Syncope. Crasis is the mixture of two sounds with a change of the vowels: as τείχεος τείχους. 1863W. Smith tr. Curtius' Grk. Gram. §16 It [the coronis] indicates..a crasis..or contraction of two words. Ibid. §89 With crasis the accent of the first word is lost. |