| 释义 |
‖ spicula|ˈspɪkjʊlə|
Pl. spiculæ |-juːliː|.
[mod.L., dim. of L. spīca, = L. spīculum spiculum.]
1. A sharp-pointed or acicular crystal or similar formation.
1747tr. Astruc's Fevers 83 Whose stomach is lined with a sort of pituita, whereby the spiculæ of this poison are blunted. 1794R. J. Sulivan View Nat. I. 426 We have..only to suppose, the particles which are employed in crystallization, to be endowed with a tendency to form spiculæ; and these spiculæ with a tendency to arrange themselves at equal angles of inclination. 1802Playfair Illustr. Huttonian Th. 85 Where there is any admixture of that substance [sc. felspar], whether in slender spiculæ or in larger masses. 1825Faraday Exp. Res. xxx. 167 A substance comes over in small quantity,..crystallizing in spiculæ in the receiver.
b. esp. A formation of this nature caused by the action of frost.
1783Phil. Trans. LXXIII. 310 On dropping in a bit of ice,..spiculæ of ice shoot suddenly through the water. 1792J. Belknap Hist. New Hampsh. III. 20 The spiculæ [of hoar frost] were of all lengths, from an inch downward. 1854Brewster More Worlds iii. 54 The frozen moisture may fall in spiculæ or crystals of ice. 1888Athenæum 6 Oct. 451/3 It was argued that the vapour was changed into ice, and that the higher atmosphere was charged with spiculæ.
2. A small sharp-pointed process on some part of a plant or animal; a prickle.
1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Spider, They all have weapons issuing out of the mouth... They consist, in some, of two spiculæ, in the manner of a forked hook. 1792J. Belknap Hist. New Hampsh. III. 125 It [the prickly ash] is armed with spiculæ, like the locust. 1800Phil. Trans. XC. 370 The spiculæ on the shark's skin were also separated. 1815Kirby & Sp. Entomol. iv. (1818) I. 114 Others are barbed like the spicula of a bee's sting. 1866Treas. Bot. 1082/2 Spicula, a fine fleshy erect point.
b. In fungi: = spicule 2.
1866Treas. Bot. 1082/2.
3. Bot. A floral spikelet. rare.
1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. iii. xxii. (1765) 227 Spicula, a little spike. 1793Martyn Lang. Bot., Spicula, a Spicule or Spikelet. A partial spike, or a subdivision of it: as in some Grasses. 1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 293 In certain genera with a simple spike..this is clearly proved by the structure of the terminal flower or spicula.
4. A slender pointed fragment of bone, etc.
1835–6Todd's Cycl. Anat. I. 237/1 A spicula of a fractured bone. 1870H. Lonsdale Life R. Knox xii. 249 My finger was caught by a sharp spicula of bone.
5. = spiculum 3.
1845Gosse Ocean i. (1849) 53 In the substance of many species [of sponge]..are found spiculæ, or needle-like crystals, of pure flint. 1859R. Hunt Guide Mus. Pract. Geol. (ed. 2) 252 Silicious spiculæ or the minute bones of sponges.
6. Comb., as spicula-like; spicula-forceps (see quot. 1875).
1857Dana Min. (1862) 124 The fine spicula-like crystalline grains of Epsom salt. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2265/2 Spicula-forceps, a dentist's long-nosed forceps for removing small fragments of bone, etc. |