| 释义 |
cumin, cummin|ˈkʌmɪn|
Forms: 1 kymen, cymen, -yn, 2 cumin |y|, 4–7 comyn, -e, 5–6 cummyn, 5–7 comen, 6 comeyn, commine, -men, -myn, 7 comin(e, cum(m)ine, 7–9 commin, (8–9 cumming), 6– cum(m)in.
[OE. cymen (:—cumin), a. L. cumīn-um (cym-), a. Gr. κύµῑνον. Cf. OHG. chumin, cumin, also chumil (MHG. kümel, Ger. kümmel), Sw. kummin, Da. kummen. The word has also come down in the Romanic langs., It. cumino, comino, Sp., Pg. comino, OF. cumin, comin. ME. cumin, comin was either from Fr. (like MDu. comijn, Du. komijn), or altered from OE. cymen after Fr. The Gr. κύµῑνον is supposed to have been a foreign word, cognate in origin with the Semitic names, Heb. kammôn, Arab. kammûn, and their cognates.]
1. An umbelliferous plant (Cummin Cyminum) resembling fennel: cultivated in the Levant for its fruit or seed, which possesses aromatic and carminative qualities; also called common cumin, garden cumin, or Roman cumin.
oil of cumin: the essential oil of cumin seed, consisting of three hydrocarbons, cymene, cymol, and cuminol.
c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. lvii. 439 Ȝe tioᵹoðiað eowre mintan & eowerne dile & eowerne kymen. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxiii. 23 Cymen [v.r. cymyn; 1160 Hatton Gosp. cumin]. c1300K. Alis. 6797 Gynger, comyn gaven odour grace. 1382Wyclif Isa. xxviii. 25 He shal sowe the sed gith, and the comyn sprengen. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. xxxviii. (1495) 625 Comyn..is a seed wyth good smell and wyth pale colour. c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 8 Fors hit with galyngale and gode gyngere, With canel and comyn alle in fere. c1440Promp. Parv. 89 Comyn, seede (Ciminum, P.). 1561Hollybush Hom. Apoth. 5 b, Commen stiped in vinegre. 1736Bailey Househ. Dict. 228 Cummin is accounted good for the stomach. 1847Emerson Poems, Sphinx Wks. (Bohn) I. 398 Rue, myrrh, and cummin for the Sphinx—Her muddy eyes to clear. 1875Manning Mission H. Ghost xi. 309 The Pharisees..gave tithes of mint, anise, and commin.
b. fig. in allusion to Matt. xxiii. 23.
1741–1841 [see anise 2]. 1741Watts Improv. Mind xiv. §8 (1801) 111 The mint, anise and cumming, the gestures and vestures and fringes of religion. 1892Edin. Rev. Apr. 419 The anise and cummin of a great archæological question, passed, as it were, through the Homeric sieve.
2. With qualifications applied to other plants: as, Armenian or mountain cumin, the Caraway, Carum Carui; black cumin, a ranunculaceous plant, Nigella sativa, cultivated in Eastern countries for its black, acrid, and aromatic seeds; royal cumin, Ammi or Bishop's-weed; sweet cumin, the Anise, Pimpinella Anisum; wild cumin, (a) the wild variety of cumin; † (b) the wild Nigella; (c) an umbelliferous plant, Lagœcia cuminoides.
1578Lyte Dodoens ii. xciv. 274 The wilde Comyn..hath a brittle stalke. 1614Markham Cheap Husb. i. Table of Hard Words, Ameos, Comin royal, is a Herb of some called Bulwort, Bishops-weed, or Herb-william. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 3 Ethiopian-Cummin is a Plant which has Leaves like Dill. 1885Bible (R.V.) Isa. xxviii. 25 Doth the plowman..not cast abroad the fitches [marg. black cummin (Nigella sativa)].
3. attrib. and Comb., as cumin cheese, cumin oil, cumin seed, etc.; cumin-splitting a., skin-flint, niggardly [cf. L. cuminisector, Gr. κυµινο-πρίστης].
1530Palsgr. 207/1 Commyn sede, comyn. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. vii. 35 A carver or divider of Comine seed which is one of the least seedes. a1613Overbury A Wife (1638) 96 His wife is the Cummin seed of his Dove-house. a1628F. Greville Sidney (1652) 122 Like a true cutter of Cumine seeds. 1754Gillies Hist. Coll. I. 406, 28 Cumin cheeses were to be sent us from Leyden. 1822T. Mitchell Aristoph. II. 304 A sneaking, pitiful, cummin-splitting fellow. 1866Treas. Bot. 360/1 The cumin seeds or fruits are the produce of Cuminum Cyminum. 1873Watts Fownes' Chem. 767 A hydrocarbon, called cumene..exists ready-formed in Roman cumin-oil. |