| 释义 |
Sprengel|ˈʃprɛŋ(ə)l|
The name of Hermann Johannes Philip Sprengel (1834–1906), German-born English chemist, used attrib. and in the possessive to denote devices developed by him, as Sprengel('s) (air, mercury) pump, a vacuum pump in which exhaustion is produced by trapping bubbles of gas between short columns of mercury falling down a narrow vertical tube; also absol.; Sprengel('s) tube, a glass U-tube that narrows to a capillary at each end, used to determine the specific gravity of a liquid by weighing the tube when filled with the liquid and then with water at the same temperature.
1868Chem. News 7 Feb. 73/2 Could any one give me information about the dimensions for a Sprengel air pump, and the quantity of mercury required. I wish to use it for exhausting vacuum tubes for a 4-inch spark induction coil. 1868E. Atkinson tr. Ganot's Physics (ed. 3) 144 Sprengel's air pump. 1879Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXXVI. 197 The use of Sprengel's tube..has given much better results [than a specific gravity bottle]. 1883Encycl. Brit. XVI. 31/1 One [improvement]..is to pass the mercury, before it enters the ‘falling’ tube, through a bulb in which a good vacuum is maintained, by means of an ordinary air-pump or a second ‘Sprengel’. 1890Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1889 232 The density of ice and of water at various temperatures may then be determined, a Sprengel tube—which is easily made—being used for warm water. 1906Chem. News 19 Jan. 28/2 It is by the well-known Sprengel mercury pump that his name will be best remembered. 1932Proc. R. Soc. A. CXXXV. 514 A continuously operating Sprengel pump..removed the gas from that part of the apparatus..and delivered it, without loss, into the Töpler pump. 1934Analyst LIX. 172 The under⁓surface of the arms of the Sprengel tube is made of white enamel glass. 1962J. Thewlis Encycl. Dict. Physics V. 715/1 The Sprengel pump was used extensively in the early days of vacuum experimentation. It is now obsolete, because its rate of working is very low and the ultimate vacuum reached only of the order of 10—5 mm mercury. |