| 释义 |
▪ I. curl, n.|kɜːl|
[f. curl v.1: cf. twist, wrinkle. Cf. also Du. krul, MDu. krulle, krolle, MLG. krul, LG. krulle, MHG. krolle, krol, mod.Ger. dial. krolle curl, lock of hair, ON. krul, Norw. krull, Da. krölle; which seem to be derived immediately from the adj.: see crull.]
1. A lock of hair of a spiral or convolute form; a ringlet.
Applied indifferently to a flat spiral like the mainspring of a watch, a cork-screw-like form (helix), or anything intermediate to or approaching these forms.
1602Shakes. Ham. iii. iv. 56 Hyperions curles, the front of Ioue himselfe. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 132 Their hair was long and dangling in curls. 1711Addison Spect. No. 102 ⁋7 To..adjust a Curl of Hair. 1856Miss Mulock J. Halifax ii, He tossed back his curls, and looked smiling out through the window.
2. Anything of a similar spiral or incurved shape; a coil, wreath, convolution, undulation.
1615Chapman Odyss. xxiii. (R.), [An oar] which breakes The waues in curles. a1634Randolph Poems (1638) 12 About each limbe he hurles His wanton body into numerous curles. 1676Grew Anat. Plants iv. i. i. §11 The several Labels of a Groundsel-Leaf are all laid in a Back-Curl. 1774T. Twining in Recreat. & Stud. (1882) 30 Purcell, with all his old curls and twiddles, is perfection to him. 1832G. Downes Lett. Cont. Countries I. 387 Here and there were curls of smoke.
3. a. The action of curling, or state of being curled. Phr. in curl, out of curl: said of hair which is kept curled, or which has gone straight. Also fig., as in to go out of curl: to lose one's activity and ‘vim’, to become limp.
1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 188 In calm weather..the water is pacifique and without the least visible curl or wrinkle. 1699W. Dampier Voy. II. iii. iv. 27 It [the breeze] comes in a fine, small, black Curle upon the Water. 1793Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts (ed. 2) IV. 47 The waves..spend their fury in a gentle curl up the slope. 1835Whittier Hunters of Men iii, Hunting the black man, whose sin Is the curl of his hair and the hue of his skin! a1893Mod. To keep the hair in curl. 1913D. H. Lawrence Sons & Lovers i. 10 Tha'rt not long in taking the curl out of me. 1924Galsworthy White Monkey i. ix, ‘If you got pneumonia,’ he said, ‘I should go clean out of curl.’ 1964E. McCarthy Frankly Feminine 52 A ‘perm-set’..will stay in curl for around eight weeks.
b. curl of the lip: a slight elevation or bending of the upper lip, expressive of scorn or disgust.
1813Byron Corsair i. x, The lip's least curl, the lightest paleness..speak alone Of deeper passions. 1857H. Spencer Orig. Music Ess. 1891 II. 402 Disgust [is shown] by a curl of the lip.
c. Angling. An eddy in a stream; also a ripple on the surface of water caused by the wind.
1766Bowlker Univ. Angler 132 Throw..into holes and curls of the water, for there the best fish commonly lie. 1834Medwin Angler in Wales I. 47 See, the fish are rising..I think I can reach the curl yonder. 1855Kingsley Glaucus (1878) 19 The breeze has come on, and there has been half-an-hour's lively fishing curl.
d. Cricket. The action of the verb (see curl v.1 9); spec. = break n.1 5, spin n.1 2 c.
1833J. Nyren Young Cricketer's Tutor 98 They had such a peculiar curl that they would grind his fingers against the bat. 1867G. H. Selkirk Guide to Cricket-ground vi. 91 Cover point must be careful to allow for the ‘curl’ after grounding. 1871Baily's Mag. June 168 His bowling..being straight..with a nice curl from the leg across the wicket. 1888A. G. Steel in Steel & Lyttelton Cricket iii. 170 In 1878 there was another..slow bowler named Allan.. His bowling had a considerable amount of spin, but..the most extraordinary thing connected with it was the inward curl in the air towards the body of the batsman.
e. Math. The vector product (written curl F or ∇ × F) of the operator ∇ (see del) with some given vector F; it gives a measure of the ‘vorticity’ or rotation at each point in the vector field F.
1873J. C. Maxwell Electr. & Magnetism I. 28 To interpret the vector part of ∇σ..let us examine the vector σ—σo near the point P. It will appear as in the figure.., this vector being arranged on the whole tangentially in the direction opposite to the hands of a watch. I propose (with great diffidence) to call the vector part of ∇σ the curl, or the version of σ at the point P. 1882O. Heaviside in Electrician 18 Nov. 8/1 When one vector or directed quantity, B, is related to another vector, C, so that the line-integral of B round any closed curve equals the integral of C through the curve, the vector C is called the curl of the vector B. 1911Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 964/1 If A represent the magnetic force at any point of an electro-magnetic field, the vector (∇A) will represent the electric current. In the general case it is called the curl, or the rotation, of A. 1943Margenau & Murphy Math. Physics & Chem. iv. 148 The curl of the linear velocity of any point of a rigid body equals twice the angular velocity. 1965J. B. Marion Princ. Vector Anal. ii. 83 A paddlewheel placed in a fluid will remain stationary..where curl v = o. A field which everywhere has a vanishing curl is called an irrotational field. Ibid., Both the divergence and the curl are encountered frequently in hydrodynamics and in electromagnetic theory but only infrequently in the mechanics of particles.
f. In surfing: see quot. 1962.
1962T. Masters Surfing made Easy 64 Curl, the curved top of a breaking wave. 1965Farrelly & McGregor This Surfing Life iv. 43 The semi-hollow wave..allows you to pick up speed in the top half, and when it breaks you can move down to the botton half and ride underneath the curl, free of the white water. 1968W. Warwick Surfriding in N.Z. 10/3 Paddle towards the peak and as it becomes critical turn your board, and come back with the curl.
4. a. A disease of potatoes, in which the shoots are curled up and imperfectly developed; a disease of other plants, in which the leaves are curled up.
1790Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts VIII. 29 The [potato] crops..have..grown up sound and good, and free from Curl. 1832Veg. Subst. Food 148 The curl first made its appearance in this country in..1764, in Lancashire. 1866Treas. Bot. 363 Curl, a formidable disease in potatoes, referrible to Chlorosis, in which the tubers produce deformed curled shoots..which are never perfectly developed. 1882Garden 25 Feb. 133/2 Curl.. occurs when the Roses have been occupying the ground for a very long period.
b. A potato affected with this disease.
1791Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts IX. 61 Why some Curls appear in a crop that has been carefully managed.
5. Comb., as curl-crested, curl-faced, curl-headed adjs.; curl-tuft; curl-cloth, a kind of woollen cloth with a curly surface; curl-cloud, = cirrus 4.
1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Crespo, curle headed. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. xxi. 108 Long bearded, curle⁓headed. 1611Cotgr., Volute..the writhen circle, or curle⁓tuft that..sticks out of the chapter of a piller, etc. 1612Drayton Poly-olb. xiv. 227 The curle⁓fac't bull. 1695Ld. Preston Boethius i. 7 And raise the curle-headed Wave. 1817Blackw. Mag. I. 637/2 The sky was full of cirrus or curlcloud. 1885Daily News 6 Oct. 3/2 The new astrakhan..is used for coats and jackets..It is sometimes called curl cloth.
▪ II. curl, v.1|kɜːl|
Also 5 croul, 5–6 kurl, 6 courl, 6–7 curle; see also curled.
[The early instances are of the pa. pple., which also occurs in the 14th c. in the forms crolled, crulled; these forms attach the vb. to the earlier adj. croll, crull, curly, which goes back to 1300, and corresponds to similar words in Fris., MDu., and MG. In these langs. also there is a derivative verb: Ger. krollen, kröllen, LG., Du., EFris. krullen to curl.]
I. trans.
1. a. To bend round, wind, or twist into ringlets, as the hair.
[1380see curled.] 1447O. Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 142 A chyld apperyd..Barefoot and wyth heer kurlyd semely. 1493Festivall (W. de W. 1515) 164 Therfore (ye women)..haue not your visage popped ne your here pulled or crouled. 1570Levins Manip. 191/4 To curle, crispare. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 20 They curle their haire and are proud of it. 1848Thackeray Lett. 12 Aug., He curls his hair in the most killing manner. 1891Truth 10 Dec. 1240/2 Black cocks' feathers, curled, formed the collar.
b. Phr. to curl (a person's) hair: to horrify, to frighten. colloq.
1949‘P. Wentworth’ Spotlight xix. 119 And anything like the language—..I give you my word it was enough to curl your hair. 1958Ann. Reg. 1957 186 Mr. Humphrey said that, unless the Government stopped taking so much out of the economy, there would be ‘a depression that will curl your hair’.
c. to curl the mo, to succeed brilliantly, to win. So curl- (kurl-) the-mo, curl-a-mo, etc., attrib. phrs., excellent, outstanding. Austral. slang.
1941Baker Dict. Austral. Slang 42 Kurl, good, excellent. Also, ‘kurl-a-mo’. 1944Truth (Sydney) 13 Feb. 4/3 Breasley saw Kintore donkey-lick a field of youngsters in the Federal Stakes, and had salt rubbed into his wound when the Lewis cuddy Valour curled the mo in the Bond Handicap. 1945Baker Austral. Lang. vi. 126 Curl-the-mo was apparently first used to denote the self-satisfaction of a man who twirled the ends of his flowing moustache. It was then applied to anything meriting approval, was shortened to curl... A popular song ‘Curl-the-Mo, Uncle Joe’—written in praise of Joseph Stalin, who has a large moustache. 1953― Australia Speaks iv. 97 There is not infrequent mention in the sporting columns of newspapers of curl the mo mazuma..a way of saying a lot of money. 1963Sunday Mirror (Sydney) 20 Jan. 43/2 Gili, with Mulley apparently ‘curling the mo’ was possied behind them for his challenge. 1969Coast to Coast 1967–68 86 He..lifts one of the brimming pilsener glasses: ‘Come an' get it! It's curl-a-mo chico. Lead in the old pencil.’
†2. To furnish or adorn with curls or ringlets; also fig. Obs.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. v. 34 His [Cerberus'] three deformed heads..Curled with thousand adders. 1633G. Herbert Temple, Jordan i, Curling with metaphors a plain intention. 1667Milton P.L. x. 560 The snakie locks That curld Megæra.
3. a. To bend, twist, or coil up into a spiral or incurved shape; to make curls or undulations upon (a surface); to ripple (water). Often with up.
1562Turner Baths 11 Vntill the sicke man perceyue the endes of his fingers to be kurled or wrinkled. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, iii. i. 23 The Windes, Who take the Ruffian Billowes by the top, Curling their monstrous heads. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 517 So varied hee [the serpent], and of his tortuous Traine Curld many a wanton wreath. 1715–20Pope Iliad vii. 72 Soft zephyrs curling the wide watery main. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles iii. xxviii, The morning breeze the lake had curl'd. 1818Parl. Deb. 1016 Those leaves have been sometimes curled by a vitriolic preparation, and coloured for Green tea with verdigrise. 1861Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. iii. (1889) 23 Jack [the dog]..curled himself up on the sofa.
b. to curl the lip: to bend or raise the upper lip slightly on one side, as an expression of contempt or scorn.
1816Scott Old Mort. xii, His lip was now compressed..now curled slightly upward. 1847James J. Marston Hall viii, A bitter smile curled the lip of the President.
II. intr.
4. Of hair: To form curls or ringlets. In colloq. use: cf. sense 1 b.
1530Palsgr. 504/2 Se howe his heare curleth nowe that it is newe wasshed. 1662J. Davies Voy. Ambass. 74 It is the heat of the Sun that burns the skin, and makes the haire curle. 1810Scott Lady of L. ii. xxv, His flaxen hair..Curled closely round his bonnet blue. 1842J. Bischoff Woollen Manuf. II. 301 The finer the fleece naturally is, the more readily it curls. 1887W. S. Gilbert Ruddigore i. 16 When he's excited he uses language that would make your hair curl. 1890Monthly Packet Christmas no., 118 I'll choose a place that will make your hair curl to think of. 1963V. H. Gielgud Goggle-box Affair iii. 31 The amount of overtime she and Miss Plain worked..would have made the T.U.C.'s hair curl.
5. a. To take a spiral or incurved form or posture.
1694Acc. Sev. Late Voy. ii. (1711) 32 In stormy Weather little Waves curl on the top of the great ones. 1700Dryden Pal. & Arc. iii. 318 When yielded she lay curling in thy arms. 1796Withering Brit. Plants IV. 33 Leaves..brownish green, curling when dry. 1861Holland Less. Life iii. 40 Cat and kittens will..curl up in some dark corner. 1875Darwin Insectiv. Pl. ix. 218 The tentacles began to curl inwards.
b. Of the lip: cf. 3 b.
1813Scott Rokeby i. viii, The full-drawn lip that upward curled. 1837Lytton E. Maltrav. 57 Ernest's lip curled slightly, for his pride was touched.
c. Of potatoes: To become affected with curl: see curl n. 4.
1793Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts (ed. 2) IV. 97 A very fine table Potatoe that never curls.
d. to curl up (Sporting): to give up as dead-beat, to collapse.
1891Daily News 12 June 3/2 At the half-distance Le Nord looked like winning easily; but he curled up in the last few strides. 1892Pall Mall G. 15 Mar. 3/1 The latter college rather ‘curled up’, as the phrase goes, when once their opponents got the lead.
e. fig. To shrink or writhe with horror, shame, etc.; esp. const. up.
1913Galsworthy Fugitive iii. i, It's..feeling people..dislike your being there... I curl up all the time. 1923E. Wallace Capt. Souls xlv. 248 So it got you, huh? I couldn't understand how a fellow like you could see it without curling up! 1940Wodehouse Quick Service i. 14 I'm going to call at his office and look him in the eye..and watch him curl up at the edges. 1960Sunday Times 22 May 17/6 He cheerfully admits to things which would make a good New Statesman-ite curl at the edges. 1967S. Knight Window on Shanghai xii. 57 When I think what some parts of Shanghai must have been like before liberation, it makes me curl up!
f. Const. up. To lie or sit with the knees drawn up comfortably; to settle down to sleep in this way.
1910R. Brooke in Gownsman 14 Oct. 9/2 Curled up like some crumpled, lonely flower-petal. 1935J. Steinbeck Tortilla Flat xiv. 238 Most of the time Big Joe simply curled up like a dog, and slept in his clothes. 1964Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 15 Jan. (1970) 50 Next followed a little time to curl up in front of the fire in my bedroom and talk to Luci. 1967O. Wynd Walk Softly i. 1 It was my plan to take a sleeping pill and curl up. 1986P. Barker Century's Daughter xiv. 224 She was curled up on the floor, so intent on the book she didn't hear Liza come in.
†6. To twist about, writhe. Obs.
a1637B. Jonson Fall of Mortimer i. i. 23 The very thinking it Would make..some politic tradesman Curl with the caution of a constable! 1664Floddan F. iii. 27 A Cock curling as he would crow.
7. To move in spiral convolutions or undulations.
1791Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest (1820) I. 135 The damp vapours curled round him. 1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 208 Brooks curl o'er their sandy bed. 1845Darwin Voy. Nat. xiv. (1879) 296 Volumes of smoke were curling upwards.
8. Sc. To play at curling q.v.
1715Pennecuik Author's Answ. Poems 59 To Curle on the Ice does greatly please Being a manly Scotish Exercise. Mod. A piece of water on which they curl in winter.
9. Cricket.
a. intr. Of the ball: to turn in after pitching; also, to turn in its flight before pitching.
b. trans. Of the bowler: to cause (the ball) to curve in the air.
1833J. Nyren Young Cricketer's Tutor 69 Delivering his ball straight to the wicket, it curled in, and missed the Duke's leg-stump by a hair's-breadth. 1888Steel & Lyttelton Cricket ii. 54 Apart from breaking or curling, the ball may shoot or bump. 1900P. F. Warner Cricket in Many Climes 83 He makes the ball curl in the air. 1904Westm. Gaz. 21 May 3/1 When he first came to England,..he had that ‘curl-in-the-air ball’ to a very marked degree. Ibid., Trott shone as a baseball player, and it is to this that he owed his power of curling a ball.
▪ III. † curl, v.2 Obs. rare—1.
[Echoic: cf. curr v.]
intr. To purr, as a cat.
c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 947 To curle as a catte, gruler. |