| 释义 |
▪ I. spurge, n.1|spɜːdʒ|
Forms: α. 3– spurge. β. 5 spowrge, 5–6 spourge. γ. 5–6 sporge.
[ad. OF. espurge (F. épurge), f. espurgier spurge v.1]
1. One or other of several species of plants belonging to the extensive genus Euphorbia, many of which are characterized by an acrid milky juice possessing purgative or medicinal properties.
α1387Sinon. Barthol. (Anecd. Oxon.) 11 Anabulla, spurge. c1410Master of Game (MS. Digby 182) v, Þei wroteth so depe in þe grounde, tille þei fynde þe rootes of þe ferne and of þe spurge and of oþer rootes. c1450M.E. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 219 Tak betoyne, sawge, heihoue, vyolet, spurge, egrimoyne & hony. 1562Turner Herbal ii. (1568) 31 Spurge purgeth thynne fleme vehemently. 1585H. Lloyd Treas. Health K iij, Adde thereto Scamony, the herbe called spurge, and an ox gall. 1625Hart Anat. Ur. ii. xi. 125 It was nothing else but a certaine kind of Spurge. 1651Biggs New Disp. ⁋79 Celandin weepeth a golden juice, and spurge a milky one. 1762B. Stillingfleet Misc. Tracts 98 The spurge, that is noxious to man, is a most wholesome nourishment to the caterpillar. 1794T. Gisborne Walks Forest (1796) 6 Changeful spurge, On redden'd stem with poisonous milk imbued. 1813Sir H. Davy Agr. Chem. (1814) 245 When a stalk of spurge..is separated by two incisions from its leaves and roots, the milky fluid flows through both sections. 1872Tennyson Last Tourn. 356 That he can make Figs out of thistles,..milk From burning spurge.
βc1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 645 Hic tintimalius,..spowrge. c1440Gesta Rom. xlviii. 368 (Addit. MS.), Then the Crow toke Onyonus and Spourge, and made þerof a playster. 1483Cath. Angl. 356/1 Spowrge, herba est. 1539Elyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 84 b, Spourge of the garden one handful. 1578Lyte Dodoens 358 All the kindes of Tithymal or Spourge are most commonly in flower in June and July.
γ14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 713 Hec spurgia, a sporge. 1486Bk. St. Albans, Hawking cv, Also take smale flambe rotis and polipodi and the cornes of sporge. 1530Palsgr. 274/2 Sporge an herbe, espovrge.
b. With various distinguishing epithets.
For caper, Cypress, myrtle, Portland, sea, sun, wood spurge, etc., see these words.
1578Lyte Dodoens 363 Peplos..is called in English of some Wartwurt,..also Pety Spurge. 1597Gerarde Herbal cxxxii. 407 The sixt [kind of spurge is called] Pine Spurge; the seuenth shrub Spurge, the eight tree Mirtle Spurge..; the eleventh tree Spurge; the twelfe Broad leafed Spurge; the thirteenth and fowerteenth Quacksaluers Spurge. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 202 If a woman be..troubled with a fever, let her take half a chœnix of pettispurge, and..nettle-seed. 1611Cotgr., Espurge, Garden Spurge. 1671Skinner Etymol. I iii 2/2 Land-leapers-Spurge, Esula major. a1705Ray Synop. Stirp. (1724) 312 Tithymalus segetum longifolius,..Long-leaved Corn Spurge. c1711Petiver Gazophyl. viii. §80 Luzone Dwarf Spurge. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 328 Spurge, Bastard, Euphorbia. 1777Jacob Catal. Plants 113 Euphorbia Exigua, Dwarf Spurge, Small annual Spurge. Ibid. 114 Euphorbia platyphyllos, Broad leaved Spurge. 1796Withering Brit. Pl. (ed. 3) II. 447 Euphorbia peplis, Purple Spurge. Ibid. 450 E. hyberna, Knotty-rooted Spurge. Ibid. 451 E. characias, Red Spurge. 1865Thoreau Cape Cod vi. 101 The plants which I noticed here and there on the pure sandy shelf,..were Sea Rocket,..Saltwort,..Seaside Spurge (Euphorbia polygonifolia).
2. A particular species or plant of this. Chiefly in pl.
1715Phil. Trans. XXIX. 281 Dr. Tournefort says the Root of this Spurge is a proper Cathartick in Hydropick and Cachectic Bodies. 1741Compl. Family-Piece ii. iii. 374 Double Lady's-smock, Spurges of several kinds. 1785Martyn Lett. Bot. xx. (1794) 283 Spurges having little beauty, they are seldom cultivated in gardens. 1846Lindley Veget. Kingd. 275 If..we consider the separation of sexes a great physiological character, the Order of Spurges will join that of Nettles. 1886Pall Mall G. 27 Aug. 4/1 If the stem or leaf of one of these spurges be broken, a fluid as white as milk will immediately run from it.
3. Applied, with distinguishing epithet, to a few plants related to or resembling spurge.
1854Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Ind. 788/1 Spurge, branched, Ernodea litoralis. 1891Cent. Dict. s.v. Pachysandra, The plant [P. procumbens] has also been called Alleghany-mountain spurge. Ibid., Slipper-spurge, the slipper-plant.
4. As a moth-name (cf. spurge-moth in 5).
1832J. Rennie Consp. Butterfl. & Moths 80 The Spurge (Acronycta Euphorbiæ)..feeds on the Euphorbia esula, and E. cyparissias.
5. attrib., as spurge family, spurge genus, spurge oil, spurge order, etc.; † spurge comfit, a purgative comfit or sweet; spurge Daphne, the spurge laurel; spurge flax, hawk, -moth, -nettle (see quots.); spurge-olive, the shrub Daphne mezereum; † spurge thyme, petty spurge, Euphorbia peplis.
1619Dalton Countr. Just. xciii. (1630) 241 So if one giveth to another *Spurge Comfits or other such thing in sport and not in malice.
1872Oliver Elem. Bot. ii. 226 The berries of..*Spurge Daphne are also said to be poisonous to all animals excepting birds.
1849Balfour Man. Bot. §1016 Euphorbiaceæ, the *Spurge Family.
1678Phillips (ed. 4), *Spurge-flax (Thymelæa), a sort of shrub, whereon grows that rich berry called Coccum Gnidium. 1796Withering Brit. Pl. (ed. 3) II. 377 Mezereon. Spurge Olive. Spurge Flax. 1887Bentley Man. Bot. 660 The bark of Daphne Gnidium, Spurge Flax, is likewise official in the Paris Codex.
1866Treas. Bot. 476 Euphorbia, the *spurge genus, which gives its name to the order Euphorbiaceæ, comprises a very large number of species.
1832J. Rennie Butterfl. & Moths 25 The *Spurge Hawk (Deilephila Euphorbiæ)..feeds on various kinds of spurge.
1849Kingsley Misc. (1859) II. 269 The great white *spurge-moths..whirred like humming⁓birds over our heads. 1868J. G. Wood Homes without H. xiv. 293 These are moths, belonging to the genus Acronycta, and popularly called Spurge Moths on account of the plant on which they reside.
1847Darlington Amer. Weeds (1860) 289 Cnidoscolus stimulosa.., Stinging Cnidoscolus. *Spurge⁓nettle. Tread-softly.
1836J. M. Gully Magendie's Formul. (ed. 2) 162 Physical Properties of *Spurge Oil. It very much resembles castor oil, and has even the same colour.
1668Wilkins Real Charact. 109 Bacciferous sempervirent shrubs:..*Spurge Olive (Thymælæa). a1689A. Behn tr. Cowley's Plants C.'s Wks. 1711 III. 339 Two lofty Plants or flowery Giants stand, Spurge-Olive one [etc.]. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 328 Spurge Olive, Daphne. 1796[see spurge flax above]. 1802–3tr. Pallas's Trav. (1812) I. 36 The most remarkable, perhaps, are..the Daphne mezereum, or spurge-olive; and the mistletoe.
1887Bentley Man. Bot. 672 Euphorbiaceæ, the *Spurge Order.
1548Turner Names Herbes (E.D.S.) 60, I neuer sawe peplum but once in Bonony; it had litle smal leaues lyke tyme, and in other facion lyke spourge, wherfore it may be called *spourge tyme in englishe, tyl we can fynde a better name.
▪ II. † spurge, n.2 Obs.—1
[f. spurge v.2]
A shoot or sprout.
1630R. Brathwait Eng. Gentlem. 138 Cabbages of such huge proportion, as the very leaves thereof (so largely extended were the spurges) might..give shadow to five hundred men.
▪ III. spurge, v.1 Obs. exc. dial.
Forms: 4–6 spourge, 5 spowrge, 6 sporge; 5 spurgyn, 5–7, 9 dial. spurge.
[ad. OF. espurgier:—L. expurgāre: cf. purge v.1]
†1. trans. To cleanse, purify (a person, the body, etc.); to free from or rid of impurity. Also fig., to clear of guilt (= purge v.1 5). Obs.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 10917 Of flyes men mow hem weyl spourge. a1320Sir Tristr. 2226 At londen on a day Mark wald spourge þe quen. 1483in Lett. Rich. III & Hen. VII (Rolls) I. 3 When that a king annoynted ys deceassed,..his body [is] spurged. 1530Palsgr. 729/1, I sporge, I clense, jespurge. Ibid., I shall do the best I can to sporge it. 1546in Strype Ann. Ref. (1824) VI. 267 Commandment was given to the apothecaries..and others, to do their duties in spurging, cleansing, bowelling [etc.],..the said corps.
†2. With away or out. To remove by some cleansing or purifying process. Obs. rare.
a1395Hylton Scala Perf. ii. xxix. (1494), Vntyll the wyne hath boylled & spourged oute all vnclennesse. 1483Caxton G. de la Tour i ij, Another ensample I shalle telle yow of Mary Magdalene whyche dyd wasshe and spurge awey her synnes and mysdedes by the water of her eyen.
3. intr. Of ale, wine, or other fermenting liquor: To emit or throw off impure matter by fermentation; to cleanse or purify itself in this way; to ferment or ‘work’. Cf. purge v.1 7.
c1440Promp. Parv. 32/2 Bermyn, or spurgyn as ale, or other lyke, spumo. c1440Gesta Rom. xlv. 364 (Addit. MS.), A mouse on a tyme felle into a barell of newe ale, that spourgid, and myght not come oute. 1530Palsgr. 731/1 This ale spurgeth a great deale better for the cariage. 1577Googe Heresbach's Husb. (1586) 184 The hony,..after the straining,..worketh like newe wine, and spurgeth. 1658tr. Porta's Nat. Magick iv. xi. 135 When these liquors are incorporated together, they wax hot, and begin to spurge. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss., Spurge,..to emit yeast from beer, when it is first tunned.
fig.1626B. Jonson Staple of N. Induct. (1905) 7 Yonder he is within,..rowling himselfe vp and downe like a tun, i' the midst of 'hem, and spurges, neuer did vessel of wort or wine worke so!
b. refl. Of a vessel.
14..Medical MS. in Anglia XIX. 85 Take of eytherys water and put it in-to sondre vessel; sythen put to eyþer barlyche and horssys dong, and whether wessel sporgyth hym, is noȝt bareyn.
†c. To come or rise up in fermentation or ‘working’. Obs.—1
1634J. Levett Ordering of Bees 50 And if any rosse worketh or spurgeth up.
4. To empty or relieve the bowels by evacuation. Cf. purge v.1 4 b.
1530Palsgr. 729/1, I sporge, I have a great laxe, jay la foyre. Ibid., 730/2, I spurge, as a man dothe at the foundement after he is deed. a1643Cartwright Siege v. vi, The body's something noysome; 'tis a stale one; Good troth it spurgeth very monstrously.
▪ IV. † spurge, v.2 Obs.
Also spourge.
[Ultimately ad. L. exporgĕre, -porrigĕre (cf. It. sporgere): see purge v.2]
1. intr. Of a tree: To shoot or sprout. rare—1.
1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 243 In that tyme [spring] al thynnges begynnyth to renoue;.. the tren clothyn ham wyth lewis, botonyth and spourgyth.
2. To spout or gush out in a stream.
b. trans. To cast forth copiously.
c1470Henry Wallace vi. 167 Than fra the stowmpe the blud out spurgyt fast. 1582Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 59 Not so great a ruffling the riuer strong flasshye reteyneth Through the breach owt spurging. Ibid. iii. 77 They gripte in tallants the meat and furth spourged a stincking Foule carrayne sauoure. |