| 释义 |
▪ I. spurt, n.1|spɜːt|
[var. of spirt n.2]
1.
†a. A short spell of (something). Obs.
a1566R. Edwards Damon & P. F ij, It is very..trimme, Tis Musselden ich weene; of fellowship let me haue an other spurt, Ich can drinke as easly now as if I sate in my shurte. 1613Day Dyall (1614) 241 O how great injustice is it..to..deliver up that Soule to thy adversary the Divell, and all for a spurt of pleasure. a1699Bonnell in W. Hamilton Life (1703) ii. 91 Those Qualities of Vanity and Worldliness, which I have contracted in this spurt of Health.
b. A short space of time; a brief period. Esp. in phr. for a spurt.
Freq. in the 17th c.; now dial. Not always clearly separable from next.
a1591H. Smith 2nd Serm. Lord's Supper (1611) 90 To amend thy euill life, not when age commeth, or for a spurt, but to begin now, and last till death. a1618Raleigh Rem. (1644) 121 To dispatch the whole manage of all eternity..in so short a spurt. 1694W. Salmon Bate's Dispens. (1713) 282/2 And such kind of Medicines are not to be given only for a little while, for a Spurt and away, but assiduously for several Weeks together. 1706T. Baker Tunbridge Walks i. i, But this course of life, sister, is but for a spurt: we must now think of settling our condition. 1798F. Burney Lett. 10 Dec., Herschel has been in town for short spurts, and back again, two or three times. 1894Trans. Amer. Folk-lore Soc. (E.D.D.), Excuse me for a spurt.
2. A brief and unsustained effort; a sudden outbreak or spell of activity or exertion.
a1591H. Smith Serm. (1592) 874 Some come to God as if they did fetch fire, a spurt and away, like a messenger which is gone before he haue his answeare. 1643Tuckney Balm of Gilead 30 A short spurt doth not try me, but the length and hardnesse of the way will at last tell me what leg I halt on. 1654Fuller Comm. Ruth (1868) 154 After a spurt in their calling for some few hours, they relapse again to laziness. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. II. 115 Although the savages held out,..yet, for a spurt, the Englishmen were more nimble and speedy. 1883Pall Mall G. 20 Dec. 2/1 Not with a fitful spurt, but year in, year out, do these thousands of..lay helpers toil. 1885Huxley in Life (1900) II. vi. 90 Quinine..has given me a spurt for the last two days.
b. Const. of.
1791R. Mylne 2nd Rep. Thames 11 The Millers having a spurt of Business to do, were using all the Water as fast as possible. 1792M. Wollstonecraft Rights Wom. vii. 293, I do not forget the spurts of activity which sensibility produces. 1867Trollope Chron. Barset II. lx. 172 One of those men who seem born to surprise the world by a spurt of prosperity. 1868Daily News 8 July, Weak governments are like weak people; they put on spurts of energy and independence now and then.
c. A short spell of rapid movement; a marked or sudden increase of speed attained by special exertion.
1787‘G. Gambado’ Acad. Horsem. (1809) 46 The Doctor went off at a spurt. 1858O. W. Holmes Aut. Breakf.-t. xi, An easy gait—two, forty-five—Suits me;..Perhaps, for just a single spurt, Some seconds less would do no hurt. 1861Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. xiv. (1889) 134 Their boat..dipped a little when they put on anything like a severe spurt. 1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 844 It is hard to say what happens during [bicycling] spurts or at the outset of an excursion.
d. transf. A marked increase or improvement in business; a sudden advance or rise of prices, etc.; also, the period during which this lasts.
1814Stock Exchange Laid Open 25 When the Jobbers find the spurt, as they call it, is over. 1880Sat. Rev. 1 May 565 Men of business instinctively felt what was coming, and, buying up large stocks at the lowest quotations, realized fortunes when the spurt came. 1898Westm. Gaz. 17 Nov. 10/1 It is clear that the recent spurt in the price of the shares was unwarranted.
e. A spell of gaiety; a frolic.
1885‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay ix, After that spurt I went back to Melbourne. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 286 Puts me in mind of one of our Hurry⁓ghur dances. We used to have such jolly spurts at the old station.
3. by spurts:
a. In or with brief unsustained or spasmodic efforts; fitfully, spasmodically. † Also by fits and spurts, by fits and starts.
1605Chapman All Fooles ii. i, [He] hath stolne, By his meere industry, and that by spurts, Such qualities as no wit else can match With plodding at perfection every houre. 1653in Verney Mem. (1907) I. 523, I am like to bee 3 or 4 months in a yeare at Claydon & that only by fits & spurts. 1660R. Coke Justice Vind. 21 Forsooth it is by spurts, and not long enough to be accounted a settled Magistrate. 1882Atlantic Monthly L. 753 He [a negro] can work hard for a while by spurts.
b. In intermittent jets. (Cf. spurt n.3 1.)
1644Digby Nat. Bodies xxvi. (1658) 293 When a wound is made in the heart, blood will gush out by spurts at every shooting of the heart. 1789W. Buchan Dom. Med. (1790) 507 A sudden constriction takes place, and the urine is voided by spurts, and sometimes by drops only.
4. Naut. A short spell of wind; = spirt n.2 2.
1699W. Dampier Voy. II. iii. iv. 37 When we come abreast of the Head-Lands, we..see the Breez curling on the Water on both sides of us, and sometimes get a spurt of it to help us forward. 1745P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 148 We made the best of every little Spurt of Wind.
5. slang or dial. A small amount or quantity.
1859in Slang Dict. 100. 1889 in Surrey Gloss. (1893) 39, I had a little spurt of drink, that was all.
6. U.S. A quick and sudden dash on the part of wild-fowl; a flight of this nature.
1874J. W. Long Amer. Wild-fowl i. 37 It is often desirable, where ducks are flying in spurts,..to load as fast as possible.
▪ II. spurt, n.2 Now dial. and rare.
[Cf. spirt n.3]
A shoot or sprout.
1601Holland Pliny II. 27 The Garden Sperages..send out at first certaine greene spurts or buds peeping forth of the ground. Ibid. 196 The same yong springs eaten..in a salad, in manner of the tender crops and spurts of the Colewort,..do fasten the teeth.
▪ III. spurt, n.3|spɜːt|
[f. spurt v.1 (cf. spirt n.4), and perhaps partly from spurt n.1 3 b.]
1. A stream or shower of water, etc., ejected or thrown up with some force and suddenness.
1775Ash, Spurt, a sudden stream. 1828–32Webster, Spurt, a sudden or violent ejection or gushing of a liquid substance from a tube, orifice, or other confined place. 1868Morris Earthly Paradise (1870) I. i. 111 Then from light feet a spurt of dust there sprang. 1871Rossetti Poems, Dante at Verona xxviii, The conduits round the gardens sing..Where wearied damsels rest and hold Their hands in the wet spurt of gold. 1877Black Green Past. xxxviii, As the Esquimaux began to receive shooting spurts of spray from the rocks overhead.
fig.1864Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xvi. xii. IV. 443 Thrice⁓private Œuvre de Poésies, in which are satirical spurts affecting more than one crowned head.
transf.1881Ruskin Bible of Amiens ii. §25 The rocks all the way from Rhine, thus far, are jets and spurts of basalt through irony sandstone. 1890Times 17 May 13/3 An adaptation of the dots and dashes of the Morse alphabet to flashes of light and spurts of sound.
b. A spatter or splash made by a pen.
1871G. Stephens in Archaeologia XLIII. 101 The spurts have been taken away in my woodcut.
2. A sudden outbreak or outburst of feeling, action, etc.
In this sense freq. suggestive of spurt n.1 2.
1859Tennyson Merlin & V. 374 A sudden spurt of woman's jealousy. 1879Froude Cæsar ix. 104 A spurt of insurrectionary fire had broken out in Italy. 1880M. E. Braddon Just as I am xix, Little spurts of angry feeling flashed out of her now and then in her talk.
▪ IV. spurt, n.4 Coal-mining.
(See quot.)
1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-m. 233 Spurt, a peculiar kind of stone, much disintegrated and mixed with colouring matter.
▪ V. spurt, v.1|spɜːt|
[var. of spirt v.1]
1. intr. = spirt v.1 1. Freq. with out and up.
1570Foxe A. & M. 2287/1 He was.. so manacled that y⊇ bloud spurt out of his fingers endes. 1578Lyte Dodoens 76 Round huskes, the which do open of themselves, and the seede being ripe, it spurteth and skippeth away. 1611Cotgr., Surgeonner, to shoot out, spring, spurt vp. 1684tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. xiv. 502 Hardly any [blood] would spurt out of the opened Vein. 1699W. Dampier Voy. II. ii. 89, I perceived two White Specks in the middle of the Boil; and squeezing it, two small white Worms spurted out. 1722–7Boyer Dict. Royal i. s.v. Rejaillir, He made the Dirt spurt up, or fly into his Face. 1800Coleridge Piccolomini i. iv, My blood shall spurt out for this Wallenstein. 1833H. Martineau Brooke Farm vii. 89 The milk went on spurting and fizzing into the pail. 1887Bowen æneid v. 469 A crimsoning flood Spurts from his lips in a torrent.
fig.1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. ii. i. i, Some sharpness of temper, spurting at times from a stagnating character. 1858― Fredk. Gt. ix. v. II. 453 Rumours are rife and eager, occasionally spurting-out into the Newspapers.
b. To sputter. rare—1.
1854Emerson Lett. & Soc. Aims iv. 119 Christmas hemlock spurting in the fire.
2. trans. = spirt v.1 2. Also const. out, up.
1601Holland Pliny I. 441 The remedie to keepe Wespes from them, is to spurt or squirt oile out of a mans mouth vpon them. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. li. 201 The Chaubainhaa then took water in his mouth and spurted it on his wife. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. ii. 82 At every two fathoms distance there are Pipes which spurt up Water very high. 1725Fam. Dict. s.v. Headach, In the next Place spurt Wine..into his Nostrils. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) II. 166 They often fill their trunks with water..to divert themselves by spurting it out like a fountain. 1886Sheldon tr. Flaubert's Salammbô i. 7 A Lusitanian..stalked about the tables, the while spurting fire from his nostrils.
fig.1699Bentley Phal. 122 His boyish Witticisms and doggeril Rhimes, which he has spurted here. 1827Carlyle Misc. (1840) I. 34 His stream of meaning..will not flow quietly along its channel; but is ever and anon spurting itself up into epigrams and antithetic jets.
Hence ˈspurted ppl. a.; ˈspurter.
1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. II. 102 That Gum is nothing but a spurted Sap. 1890Blackw. Mag. CXLVII. 420/2 It is only sentimentalists and spurters of rose-water that object to it.
▪ VI. spurt, v.2 Now dial. and rare.
[var. spirt v.2 Cf. spurt n.2]
intr. To sprout or shoot.
1601Holland Pliny II. 22 By this means indeed last they [sc. onions] will longer without spurting. 1606Marston Fawne ii. i, Nym. But is not Faunus prefer'd with a right hand? Her. Did you euer see a fellow so spurted vp in a moment? 1610[see sprout n.1 1 b].
▪ VII. spurt, v.3|spɜːt|
[f. spurt n.1 2. Cf. spirt v.3]
1. intr.
a. To make a spurt; to put on increased speed, to make greater exertions, for a short time.
1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 549 To spurt out and run on in a career without attending the direction of their Superiours. [1793Burns Let. to Ainslie 26 Apr., I have written many a letter;..but then—they were original matter—spurt-away! zig, here; zag, there.] 1861Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. xxvii, The crowd on both sides cheered, as the..boat spurted from the Cherwell, and took the place of honour. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 841 It [i.e. alcohol] may enable a man ‘to spurt’ but not ‘to stay’.
b. Of stocks and shares: to rise suddenly in price or value. Cf. spurt n.1 2 d.
1931Economist 27 June 1385/2 Dunlops and Imperial Chemicals spurted on bear closing. 1977Belfast Tel. 19 Jan. 4/1 Beecham 406p spurted 10p to 15p among top industrials. 1982Times 27 Apr. 15/2 Building contractor J. Jarvis spurted 41p to 341p in response to a dawn raid.
2. trans. To cause to spurt; to overtake by means of a spurt. rare.
1888P. Furnivall Phys. Training 7 If..he decides to wait on the goer all through, and try to spurt him at the end, he should practise short, sharp bursts of speed,..always finishing up with a sharp spurt. |