| 释义 |
▪ I. cypress1|ˈsaɪprɛs|
Forms: 4 ciprese, cypris, sypres, 4–5 cipris, 4–7 cipres, cypres, 5 cipriss, -ys, cyprys, syprees, -ese, cupresse, 5–6 cipresse, 5–7 cypresse, 6 cipreis, cyparesse, syprys, cypers, (6–7 cipers, 7–8 erron. ci-, cyprus), 8 cipress, 4, 7– cypress.
[ME. cipres, cypres, etc., a. OF. ciprès (12th c.), cypres (= Pr. cypres, It. cipresso), ad. late L. cypressus (Vulgate, Isidore, etc.), ad. Gr. κυπάρισσος cypress. The earlier L. adaptation of the word was cupressus; the later cypressus and rare cyparissus were refashioned after Gr. The current Eng. cypress is assimilated to the late L. form.]
1. a. A well-known coniferous tree, Cupressus sempervirens, a native of Persia and the Levant, extensively cultivated in Western Asia and Southern Europe, with hard durable wood and dense dark foliage; often regarded as symbolic of mourning (see c). Hence, the English name of the genus.
a1300Cursor M. 1377 (Cott.) Cedre, ciprese [v.r. cipres, cipris], and pine. a1400Pistill of Susan 69 Þe sauyne and sypres, selcouþ to sene. 1513Douglas æneis iii. x. 47 The cipres berand hych thair bewis. 1551Turner Herbal i. (1568) N iij b, The lefe of Cypres neuer falleth, but is euer grene. 1616Bullokar, Cypresse, a tree..very tall and slender, the tymber whereof is yellowish and of a pleasant smell. 1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian vi, A garden, shaded with avenues of melancholy cypress. 1872Oliver Elem. Bot. 247 The wood of Cypress..is almost imperishable; the gates of Constantinople made of this wood lasted 1,100 years.
b. The wood of this tree.
a1300Cursor M. 8007 (Gött.) Þu sal find þa wandis þare, Of cydyr, pyne, and of cypress. c1386Chaucer Sir Thopas 170 His spere was of fine cipres. 1474J. Paston Lett. No. 739 III. 110 My wryghtyng box of syprese. 1504Bury Wills (1850) 98 My coffyr of syprys. 1621Lady M. Wroth Urania 261 Into a coffer of Ciprus..he shut it vp. 1673Phil. Trans. VIII. 6015 Another sort of wood, called Cypress..better than any Pine for Masts.
c. The branches or sprigs of the tree, used at funerals, or as a symbol of mourning. Also fig.
1590Spenser F.Q. ii. i. 60 The great earthes wombe they open to the sky, And with sad Cypresse seemely it embrave. 1591― Daphn. lxxvi, Vouchsafe to deck the same [a hearse] with Cyparesse. 1695Prior Ode after Queen's Death v, Let the King dismiss his Woes..And take the Cypress from his Brows. 1761Sterne Tr. Shandy III. lxxv, 'Tis one thing for a soldier to gather laurels,—and 'tis another to scatter cypress. 1850Tennyson In Mem. lxxxiv. iv, But that remorseless iron hour Made cypress of her orange flower.
2. a. Applied to various trees or shrubs allied to the true cypress, as African c., the genus Widdringtonia (Miller Plant-n.); bald, black, or deciduous c., Taxodium distichum; embossed c., the Chinese genus Glyptostrobus; Japanese c., the genus Retinospora; swamp c., the genus Chamæcyparis (Miller).
1794Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxviii. 447 Deciduous Cypress has the leaves in two ranks, and spreading; it is a native of America. 1866Treas. Bot. 967 Retinospora..R. obtusa, the Japanese Cypress..very fine forest tree, eighty or more feet high.
b. Applied to various plants taken to resemble the cypress-tree, as broom c., Kochia scoparia; dwarf c., heath c., names proposed by Turner for Lycopodium alpinum; field c., Ajuga Chamæpitys; garden c., (a) in Gerarde, Artemisia maritima; (b) in Lyte, Santolina Chamæcyparissus; standing c., Gilia coronopifolia; summer c., Kochia scoparia.
[c1000Sax Leechd. I. 116 Genim þa ylcan wyrte & cypressum, & dracentsan & huniᵹ.] 1548Turner Names of Herbes 25 Chamaecyparissus..maye be called in englishe heath Cypres, because it groweth amonge heath, or dwarfe Cypres. 1578Lyte Dodoens i. xviii. 28 Called..in English..Ground Pyne, Herbe Iue, Forget me not, and field Cypres. Ibid. xix. 29 Some call it in English Lauender Cotton, and som Garden Cypres. 1878–86Britten & Holland Plant-n., Cypress..2. Tamarix gallica.—Cornw.
3. attrib.
a. Of cypress or cypress-wood.
b. Resembling the foliage or shade of a cypress; cypress-like; dark, gloomy, funereal.
1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. ii. i. 353 In Iuory cofers I haue stuft my crownes: In Cypres chests my arras counterpoints. 1597Lanc. Wills II. 228 A Cypresse chest standing in the like parlour. 1659T. Pecke Parnassi Puerp. 67 Great was Macedo; but the Stagyrite, As much out shin'd; as bright Day, Cypress Night. 1870Athenæum 19 Nov. 665 Plenty of cypress sentimentality in Kensal Green.
4. Comb., as cypress-arbour, cypress-bough, cypress-bud, cypress-cone, cypress-grove, cypress-leaf, cypress-shade, cypress-spire, cypress-swamp, cypress-timber, cypress-tree, cypress-wood, cypress-wreath; cypress-crowned, cypress-like adjs.; cypress-apple, the fruit or cone of the cypress; cypress-knee, a large woody tumour occurring on the roots of Taxodium (Treas. Bot.); cypress-moss, the Alpine or Savin Club-moss (Lycopodium alpinum); also the moss Hypnum cupressiforme; † cypress-nut, the roundish fruit or cone of the cypress; cypress pine Austral., a tree of the genus Callitris; cypress-spurge, Euphorbium Cyparissias (called by Lyte cypress tithymal); cypress-vine, a name of several American species of Ipomæa, convolvulaceous climbing plants.
1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 148 Its Fruit, call'd the *Cypress-Apple.
1883A. Dobson Old World Idylls, Dead Letter i. vi, And still the *cypress-arbour showed The same umbrageous hollow.
1720Gay Poems (1745) II. 152 Black *Cypress boughs their drooping heads adorn.
1829Praed Poems (1865) I. 359 Pale, *cypress-crowned.
1812Byron Ch. Har. ii. xxxviii, The pale crescent sparkles..Through many a *cypress grove.
1889Science XIII. 176/2 Processes..sufficiently developed to be classed in importance with the *cypress knees.
1640Parkinson Theat. Bot., *Cypress-moss, Lycopodium alpinum. 1769J. Wallis Nat. Hist. Northumberland I. viii. 282 Creeping Cypress-Moss, or Heath-Moss is frequent on Cheviot.
1847Leichhardt Jrnl. i. 13 It was covered with *cypress-pine, and an Acacia. 1885Spons' Mech. Own Bk. 131 Cypress pine (Callitris columellaris) is a plentiful tree in Queensland. 1936F. Clune Roaming round Darling ix. 76 Box-trees and cypress-pines in plenty. 1967A. M. Blombery Guide Native Austral. Plants iii. 108 Cupressaceae. A family..including the well-known native Callitris (Cypress Pine).
1707Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 154 The Wood-Spurge, the *Cipress-Spurge, and the Mirtle Spurge.
1578Lyte Dodoens iii. xxix. 359 The fifth kinde called *Cypres Tithymal.
1535Coverdale Ecclus. xxiv. 13 As a *Cypers tre vpon the mount Hermon. 1818Shelley Rev. Islam v. liv. 5 The banquet..Was spread beneath many a dark cypress tree.
1861E. A. Beaufort Egypt. Sepulchr. II. xxiv. 324 A very fine hall..with a ceiling of *cypress wood.
▪ II. † ˈcypress2 Obs.
[A corruption of L. cyperus, cyperos, app. confounded with cypress1.]
The Sweet Cyperus or Galingale.
c1430Two Cookery-bks. 21 Vyaund de cyprys bastarde..take whyte Gyngere, and Galyngale, and Canel fayre y-mynced. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. 67, I sau cipresses, that is gude for the fluxis of the bellye. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1673) 143 Against tikes, lice, and fleas, anoint the dog with bitter almonds..or roots of maple, or cipers. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 35 Long Cypress..is a knotty Root. 1799C. Smith Laboratory II. 400 Add one drachm of the powder of cypress.
b. Comb., as cypress-powder, cypress-root.
1634W. Tirwhyt tr. Balzac's Lett. 99 Enjoyning me never to goe to the Warres, but when Muskets are charged with Cypres-powder. 1652Urquhart Jewel Wks. (1834) 229 Like another Sejanus, with a periwig daubed with Cypres powder. 1790W. Woodville Med. Bot. I. 75 note, The root [of Arum maculatum] is used by the French to wash the skin with..under the name of Cypress Powder. 1879Prior Plant-n. 61 Cypress-root, or Sweet Cypress..a plant the aromatic roots of which are known as English galingale, Cyperus longus.
▪ III. † ˈcypress3 Obs. or dial.
Forms: 5–7 cipres, 6–9 cyprus, 6–7 cypres, cy-, cipresse, 7 cipress, 7– cypress; also 5 (cipre), cipyrs, 6 sipers, sipars, (cyrpe), 6–7 sypers, sipres, 7 sypress, sipris.
[prob. f. OF. Cipre, Cypre, the island of Cyprus, from which, in and after the Crusading times, various fabrics were brought: see Aldis Wright, note to Shakespeare Twelfth Night iii. i. 119.]
1. A name of several textile fabrics originally imported from or through Cyprus:
a. A cloth of gold or other valuable material.
[c1400Inv. in Sir F. Palgrave Kal. & Invent. Treas. III. 358 Primerement, xxv draps d'or de diverses suytes dount iiii. de Cipre les autres de Lukes.] 14..Langl. P. Pl. B. xv. 224 (MS. O.) Clenlich ycloþed in cipres [MS. C. cipyrs; B. purpre] and in tartaryne. a1440Sir Degrev. 1482 The scochenus of many knyȝt Of gold and cyprus was i-dyȝt.
b. A valuable quality of satin, called more fully satin of Cypres, satin Cypres.
1533in Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 27 A Sondays gowne of blak lyned with sattyn of sypers. 1548Hall Chron. (1809) 599 Long and large garmentes of blewe Satten panned with Sipres, poudered with spangles of bullion golde. 1552–3Inv. Ch. Goods, Staff. in Ann. Litchfield IV. 39 On redde vestement of saten sipars with all things to hitt. 1603Draperies sold at Norwich, in 38th Rep. Keeper Public Rec. 444 Fustyans of Naples..Paris clothes..sattins of Cipres, Spanish sattins.
c. esp. (= cypress lawn) A light transparent material resembling cobweb lawn or crape; like the latter it was, when black, much used for habiliments of mourning.
[1398Test. Ebor. I. 240 Unum [velum] de cypres. 1402Ibid. I. 289, ij flameola de cipres. ]1577Eden & Willes Hist. Trav. 260 With two Oxe hornes, as it were, made of fine cypres hangyng downe about theyr eares. 1594Nashe Unfort. Trav. 84 A hundred pages in sutes of white cipresse. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. iv. iv. 221 Lawne as white as driuen Snow, Cypresse blacke as ere was Crow. 1616B. Jonson Epigr. lxxiii, One half drawn In solemn cyprus, th' other cobweb lawn. 1678Phillips, Cipress, a fine curled Stuff, part Silk, part Hair, of a Cobweb thinness, of which Hoods for Women are made. 1721Lond. Gaz. No. 5930/1 Officers wearing Mourning-Scarfs of Cypress. 1722Ibid. No. 6084/4 The Colours furled and wrapped in Cypress. [1820Scott Monast. xviii, The murrey-coloured double-piled Genoa velvet, puffed out with ciprus.]
transf.1718J. Warder True Amazons (ed. 2) 3 Having four Wings..with strong Fibres round and cross them, to strengthen the fine Cypress of which they are framed.
2. A piece of cypress used as a kerchief for the neck or head, as a band for the hat, etc., in sign of mourning, and the like.
1530Palsgr. 205/2 Cypres for a womans necke, crespe. c1540Four P.P. in Hazl. Dodsley I. 350 Sipers, swathbands, ribbons, and sleeve-laces. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. iii. i. 131 A Cipresse, not a bosome, Hides my heart. 1609Dekker Gvlls Horne-bk., Him that wears a trebled cyprus about his hat. 1611Florio, Velaregli, shadowes, vailes, Launes, Scarfes, Sipres or Bonegraces that women vse to weare. a1717Parnell Night-Piece on Death 72 Why then thy flowing sable stoles, Deep pendant cypress, mourning poles.
3. attrib. (or adj.).
a. Of cypress.
1530Palsgr. 173 Crespine, a cypres lynyn clothe. 1607W. S. Puritan Stage Direct., Enter the widow Plus, Frances, Mary, Sir Godfrey, and Edmond, all in mourning; the latter in a cyprus hat. 1632Milton Penseroso 35 Sable stole of cypress lawn. 1678J. Phillips Tavernier's Trav. Persia i. 10 The Travellers are wont to wear black Cypress Hoods..over their Faces.
b. Resembling cypress in texture; gauze-like.
1598Sylvester Du Bartas i. vii. (1641) 64/2 The Spider..neat and nimbly her new web she weaves..Open, lest else th' ungentle Winds should tear Her Cipres Tent. 1713J. Warder True Amazons (ed. 2) 30 Not only Bees, but all other Creatures having a Cypress wing.
c. Dark grey with darker markings; hence cyprus-cat, a variety of tabby cat (local).
1857Wright Prov. Dict., Cypress-cat, a tabby-cat, East. 1879Lubbock Fauna of Norfolk 7 An immense cat of a cypress colour. 1887N. & Q. 7th Ser. IV. 289/1 While discussing the merits of a new kitten recently with a lady from Norwich, she described its colour as ‘Cyprus’—dark grey, with black stripes and markings. |