| 释义 |
Stakhanovite, n. and a.|stəˈkɑːnɒvaɪt|
[f. the name of the Soviet coal-miner Alekséĭ Grigór´evich Stakhánov (1906–77) + -ite1; cf. Russ. stakhánovets n., stakhánovskiĭ adj.
The Soviet authorities publicized the prodigious output achieved by Stakhanov in 1935 as part of a campaign to increase industrial output.]
A. n. In the U.S.S.R. during the 1930s and 1940s, a worker whose productivity exceeded the norms and who thus earned special privileges and rewards; transf., one who is exceptionally hard-working and productive.
B. adj. Designating, pertaining to, or characteristic of such a worker or such workers collectively.
1935Time 16 Dec. 25/3 In the coal mine at Stalino two assistant foremen, a checkweighter and an electrician were arrested for the murder of a fast-working Stakhanovite. 1936W. Citrine I search for Truth in Russia 349 In the best building works the Stakhanovite builders have shown examples of high productivity of labour in bricklaying, beton work, plastering and excavating work. 1938Times Lit. Suppl. 8 Jan. 18/4 The udarnik (or Stakhanovite, as he now is called) was ‘curiously like the pep-it-up-team-work-factory-spirit fellows I knew at home, and equally detested by his clock-watching fellow-workers’. 1949[see shock n.3 8 b]. 1952[see norm c]. 1959Times 29 May 8/5 This conferring with East Anglian trade union leaders and stakhanovites of his party..has probably been the most useful thing to come out of his [sc. Hugh Gaitskell's] tour. 1961C. T. Hsia Hist. Mod. Chinese Fiction xviii. 495 The application of Stakhanovite methods to literary production could only mean further deterioration in quality. 1977Time 1 Aug. 5/3 Though U.S. workers have been regularly chided at home for goofing off on the job, they are veritable Stakhanovites compared with some of their European counterparts.
Hence Staˈkhanovism, a movement in the U.S.S.R. aimed at encouraging hard work and maximum output, following the example of Stakhanov; also transf.; Staˈkhanovist a. and n. = Stakhanovite n. and a.
1936V. M. Molotov (title) What is Stakhanovism? 1937Nature 27 Feb. 364/2 He outlined the development of the principles of scientific management from the pioneer work..to such recent manifestations as ‘Stakhanovism’ in Russia. 1938Downside Rev. LVI. 370 Before summing up the authors insert a valuable chapter on the Stakhanovist movement in Russia. 1940Manch. Guardian Weekly 16 Feb. 130 News of what in the Soviet Union is called ‘Socialist emulation’ confirms again and again that certain ‘Stakhanovists’ accomplish ‘norms’ (their own normal production) of 260 to 400 per cent of normal. 1949E. Fitzgerald tr. Labin's Stalin's Russia ii. 53 Stakhanovism (with all its serious industrial accidents) was introduced in Novosibirsk. 1954Encounter Feb. 39/2 The tense, driving Stakhanovist atmosphere of Soviet Europe. 1957Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Oct. 641/2 The romantic legend by which democracy lives, on the other hand, venerates Stakhanovism in high places. 1970G. Greer Female Eunuch 123 Many others [sc. working wives] pride themselves on the way they manage to run a home and hold their own in a job at the same time, accepting the patronizing title of ‘working wonders’ in a kind of unofficial Stakhanovism. Ibid. 275 Women's literature is full of the trumpeting of female Stakhanovists. |