| 释义 |
statistic, a. and n.|stəˈtɪstɪk|
[ad. G. statistik n. statistisch adj., F. statistique adj. and fem. n., ad. mod.L. statisticus, f. *statista (It. statista) statist. Cf. It. statistico adj., statistica n., Sp., Pg. estadístico adj., estadística n.
The earliest known occurrence of the word seems to be in the title of the satirical work Microscopium Statisticum, by ‘Helenus Politanus’, Frankfort (?), 1672. Here the sense is prob. ‘pertaining to statists or to statecraft’ (cf. statistical a. 1). The earliest use of the adj. in anything resembling its present meaning is found in mod.L. statisticum collegium, said to have been used by Martin Schmeizel (professor at Jena, died 1747) for a course of lectures on the constitutions, resources, and policy of the various States of the world. The G. statistik was used as a name for this department of knowledge by G. Achenwall in his Vorbereitung zur Staatswissenschaft (1748); the context shows that he did not regard the term as novel. The F. statistique n. is cited by Littré from Bachaumont (died 1771); Fr. writers of the 18th c. refer to Achenwall as having brought the word into use. The sense-development of the word may have been influenced by the notion that it was a direct derivative of L. status state n.]
A. adj.
1. = statistical 2. Now rare.
1789Polit. Geog.; Introd. Statist. Tables Europe 17 With a view to facilitate the study of the Statistic science. 1802–12Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) II. 597 The sort of collateral use thus capable of being derived from any article of official evidence, may be termed the statistic use. 1851Mrs. Browning Casa Guidi Wind. i. 892 The poet who neglects pure truth to prove Statistic fact.
†2. Political. Obs. rare.
1824Southey Bk. Ch. (1841) 298 The religious and the statistic measures must not be confounded.
3. Of or pertaining to status.
1871Poste tr. Instit. Gaius iv. §6. Comm. 404 Their title is a breach of contract or the violation of some real right, statistic, primordial, or proprietary.
B. n.
1. a. = statistics 1. rare.
1796Morse Amer. Geog. II. 228 (Germany) Academical sciences..under the name of Technology, Economy, Science of Finances, and Statistic. 1864Kingsley Rom. & Teut. ix. 232 Till that point is reached, the history of the masses will be mere statistic concerning their physical well-being or ill-being.
b. A quantitative fact or statement.
1880‘Mark Twain’ Tramp Abroad xvi. 148 There is not a statistic wanting. It is as succinct as an invoice. This is what a translation ought to be. 1928H. Belloc Hist. England III. iii. 244 Before the siege-piece had been developed as a fairly reliable arm, a city or a castle wall was attacked in one of five ways... There was direct attack... There was a starving out of the garrison... Probably, if a statistic could be made, the latter would be found the most commonly successful method of the true Middle Ages. 1934Punch 14 Mar. 292/2 Few citizens realise that there is any river traffic other than the boat race. Let me give them a statistic:—At least 3,000 craft of all sizes pass under Waterloo Bridge every week. 1949E. Hyams Not in our Stars xvi. 198 Although the first dead was a horror and a tragedy, the ten thousandth was a statistic. 1973Times 24 Apr. 12/2 The statistic of 22·2 unemployed to every notified vacancy in Scotland. 1975Nature 11 Sept. 81/1 A more pertinent statistic is that about 98% of all trips taken with second family cars, lie within the 50-mile range of present battery technology.
c. Statistics. Any of the numerical characteristics of a sample (as opposed to one of the population from which it is drawn). Cf. parameter 2 f.
1922, etc. [see parameter 2 f]. 1925R. A. Fisher Statistical Methods for Research Workers iii. 43 The utility of any particular statistic, and the nature of its distribution, both depend on the original distribution. 1976Biometrika LXIII. 438 The sample sizes are enormous, the smallest being 23517, so that under the null hypothesis this statistic should be distributed as a χ2 variate with x0 - 3 degrees of freedom.
2. = statistician.
1804Southey Let. to W. Taylor 1 July in Robberds Mem. Taylor (1843) I. 508 Henley said you were the best statistic in Europe. 1898Westm. Gaz. 22 Sept. 3/2 It is the province of the statistic to upset fixed notions, to compare the actual with the accepted. |