| 释义 |
statistical, a.|stəˈtɪstɪkəl|
[Two formations: in sense 1 f. statist + -ic + -al1; in senses 2 and 3 f. statistic + -al1.]
†1. Political. Obs. rare.
1600W. Watson Decacordon (1602) 228 There are a hundred twise told of the like statisticall principles and practises.
2. a. Of or pertaining to statistics, consisting of or founded on collections of numerical facts, esp. with reference to economic, sanitary, and vital conditions.
1787Crit. Rev. LXIV. 188 The work [by Zimmermann] before us is properly statistical. It consists of different tables, containing a general comparative view of the forces, the government, the extent and population of the different kingdoms of Europe. 1790Sir J. Sinclair Let. in Statist. Acc. Scot. (1798) XX. App. p. xix, In many parts of the Continent, more particularly in Germany, Statistical Inquiries, as they are called, have been carried to a very great extent. 1841W. Spalding Italy I. 75 The most prominent moral and statistical features of the period now to be considered must not..be passed over in silence. 1871Maxwell Theory of Heat xxii. 288 If however, we adopt a statistical view of the system, and distribute the molecules into groups, according to the velocity with which at a given instant they happen to be moving, we shall observe [etc.].
b. Of a writer, etc.: Dealing with statistics.
1787Zimmermann Polit. Surv. Europe Pref. 5 Some respectable statistical writers. 1845McCulloch Literature Pol. Econ. 222 In 1832, a Statistical Department was organised in the Board of Trade for preparing, classifying, and publishing..information respecting the statistics of the United Kingdom and its dependencies, and also respecting foreign states.
c. statistical significance = significance 3.
1938Jrnl. Parapsychol. II. 210 The primary requirement of statistical significance is met by the results of this investigation. 1971Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. LXXXV. 68 None of the..interactions reached statistical significance. 1974Jrnl. Dental Res. LIII. 763/2 Whether to use the standard test for statistical significance or the Bechhofer test depends on the problem that is studied.
d. Of a branch of science, or a physical process or condition: not absolutely precise but dependent on the probable outcome of a large number of small events, and so predictable; statistical mechanics, the description of physical phenomena in terms of a statistical treatment of the behaviour of large numbers of atoms, molecules, etc., esp. as regards the distribution of energy among them; hence statistical-mechanical adj.
1885J. W. Gibbs in Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. XXXIII. 57 (heading) On the fundamental formula of statistical mechanics, with applications to astronomy and thermodynamics. 1900Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 617 The statistical dynamics of the distribution of the molecules. 1902J. W. Gibbs (title) Elementary principles in statistical mechanics. 1917Proc. K. Akad. van Wetensch. te Amsterdam XIX. 578 The statistical mechanical explanation Boltzmann gave of it [sc. the second law of thermodynamics] rests on statistical foundations which are destroyed by the introduction of the quanta. 1927[see Fermi-Dirac]. 1945H. D. Smyth Gen. Acct. Devel. Atomic Energy Mil. Purposes ix. 102 Such effects are used in six ‘statistical’ separation methods: (1) gaseous diffusion (2) distillation... In all these ‘statistical’ methods the separation factor is small so that many stages are required. 1955H. B. G. Casimir in W. Pauli Niels Bohr 132 As long as this phenomenon [sc. superconductivity] is not understood an essential element is lacking in our comprehension of statistical mechanics and of the nature of the solid state. 1955Friedman & Weisskopf in Ibid. 138 The statistical method of determining the yield of nuclear reactions gives a reasonable account of their most important features. 1956E. H. Hutten Lang. Mod. Physics iv. 149 This H-function may be taken as the statistical-mechanical analogue of entropy, since it exhibits a one-sided change in time. 1962J. Riordan Stochastic Service Systems iii. 28 The system is said to be in statistical equilibrium... It is not without changes, for probabilities are still in question, but the probabilistic description of its behavior in time is invariant with time. 1964J. D. Bernal in Proc. R. Soc. A. CCLXXX. 302, I found..that we did not know much about heaps and that to understand heaps we had to open a new subject, that of statistical geometry. Ibid. 307 It would be very well worth while to examine the purely geometrical properties of random close-packed aggregates without holes, particularly in relation to kinds of lines that can be drawn through neighbouring points. This should be one of the first tasks of the proposed statistical geometry. 1971Nature 13 Aug. 450/1, I believe that the most widespread opinion is that quantum mechanics can be ‘grafted’ onto the classical statistical mechanics of Boltzmann and Gibbs and that therefore quantum mechanics does not require anything essentially new. 1974G. Reece tr. Hund's Hist. Quantum Theory i. 14 The great achievement of statistical physics was that of deriving thermodynamics from mechanical principles. Ibid. iii. 46 In the years 1902–7 Einstein completed a basis for statistical thermodynamics.
¶3. Gram. Misused for stative a. 3.
1846D. Forbes Hindústání Gram. 132 From the present participle is formed the compound verb called statistical, by using the masculine inflection of the participle together with some verb of motion. Ibid. 65 From the present participle are formed..Statisticals, gáte áná, ‘to come singing’; rote daurná ‘to run crying’. |