However, a mutation can damage the tumor suppressor gene itself, or the signal pathway that activates it, switching it off.

It contains the flavanoid compound luteolin, which can block cell signal pathways vital for the growth of the disease.

Another method relies on the presence of extracellular stimuli called survival factors that transduce signal pathways that keep apoptosis in check.

The strategy strives to increase activation of desirable, and to reduce impact on undesirable, signalling pathways.

G appears to be the component most responsible for activating many of the signal pathways that lead to cellular functional responses.