| 单词 | evolutionary |
| 释义 | evolutionary (iːvəluːʃənri , US -neri ) adjective [usually ADJECTIVE noun] Evolutionary means relating to a process of gradual change and development. ...an evolutionary process. ...a period of evolutionary change. Collocations: evolutionary development Our evolutionary development means we are driven to seek out things that we believe are 'safe'. Times, Sunday Times Past studies have shown that effective mimicry could be a key evolutionary development, improving the quality of interactions as a mechanism to create social coordination in a group. Times, Sunday Times The author spends the rest of the chapter discussing linguistic and physical human evolutionary development. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 However, the evolutionary development projects they began would by their nature require very long time-spans to complete, far longer than the lifetimes of their creators. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Another entails the constraints resulting from early evolutionary development. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Who would fund endless research into the evolutionary explanation for fingerprints? Times,Sunday Times We also talked about perhaps his most important contribution to science, his evolutionary explanation of human co-operation. Times, Sunday Times The study says there may be an evolutionary explanation: we are built to remember threats rather than to recall treats. Times, Sunday Times He argues, for instance, that 'original sin' must have an evolutionary explanation and that barbarous behaviour might, therefore, be modified by later evolutionary developments. Times, Sunday Times There may be an evolutionary explanation: getting gripped by the urge to gather provisions in times of threat would obviously have helped our ancestors' chances of survival. Times, Sunday Times He also changed his field of research dramatically, from radiobiology to quantitative and evolutionary genetics. Times, Sunday Times His master's degree was on evolutionary genetics of salmonid fish. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 This led to the stimulation of the field of evolutionary genetics, and contributions to the theory soon began to follow. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Of particular focus are publications related to evolution, the origin of species, evolutionary genetics, and associated theories. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 He has worked on a variety of subjects in evolutionary genetics. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 They also provide new clues for understanding the evolutionary history of maize in hyperarid conditions. 2019, 'Genetic and phenotypic diversity in 2000 years old maize (Zea mays L.) samples from the Tarapacá region, Atacama Desert, Chile', PLOS ONE Here, we performed an in-depth analysis of the evolutionary history of reverse gyrase in light of genomic progress. 2006, 'Widespread distribution of archaeal reverse gyrase in thermophilic bacteria suggests a complex history of vertical inheritance and lateral gene transfers', Archaea Nannoplankton extinctions were not simultaneous and might imply limited capacity for adaptation in the early stages of evolutionary history. 2016, 'CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS AT THE TRIASSIC/JURASSIC BOUNDARY: STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION', Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia To better understand the evolutionary history of postcranial pneumaticity, studies have surveyed its distribution among non-avian dinosaurs. 2015, 'Vertebral Pneumaticity in the Ornithomimosaur Archaeornithomimus (Dinosauria: Theropoda) Revealed by Computed Tomography Imaging and Reappraisal of Axial Pneumaticity in Ornithomimosauria.', PLoS ONE He's a few notches up the evolutionary ladder. Times, Sunday Times Few species are lower down literature's evolutionary ladder than the much-derided ghostwriter of sporting autobiography. Times, Sunday Times We have moved up the rungs of the evolutionary ladder since those primordial days. ST This discovery no doubt promotes them a few steps up the evolutionary ladder - something to celebrated. Times, Sunday Times It's not every day that reading takes a giant evolutionary leap. Times, Sunday Times The dawning of this realisation strikes me as a great evolutionary leap. Times, Sunday Times He's a fish so far out of water that it's as if he's in the middle of a giant evolutionary leap. Times, Sunday Times Two hundred million years ago these ancient reptiles made a giant evolutionary leap by taking to the skies, but 150 million years later they were extinct. Times, Sunday Times From bald ministers to bald amphibians (not such a great evolutionary leap, really). Times, Sunday Times A genetic lineage can be contrasted with an evolutionary lineage in that a genetic lineage applies to a locus. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 However, the mancallines were a very distinct and unique evolutionary lineage and are thus usually retained as a subfamily. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Recent molecular phylogenetic evidence has shown that they belong to a unique evolutionary lineage. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Conventional accounts of evolutionary lineage present themselves as the simple branching out of species into novel forms. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The cribellates are split off as a separate taxon that retained the primitive feature, which makes the lineage paraphyletic and not synonymous with any real evolutionary lineage. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 It postulated that the main evolutionary mechanism was symbiosis — mutually beneficial organisms grow together to become one organism that reproduces itself. Times, Sunday Times It's evidence of gene duplication and subsequent divergence, a common evolutionary mechanism. The Scientist That wellestablished evolutionary mechanism, whereby natural selection works at the level of the group not just the individual, perfectly explains the bats' behaviour - without invoking kindly bats. Times, Sunday Times One modern version of the theory has invoked the evolutionary mechanism of group selection in order to explain the apparent genetic-based task specialization of shamanism. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The book discussed how the evolutionary mechanisms that drove speciation could also explain the differences between higher taxa. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Similar to glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway appears to have a very ancient evolutionary origin. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Currently several competing theories about the evolutionary origin of language coexist, none of them having achieved a general consensus. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Tracheids may have a single evolutionary origin, possibly within the hornworts, uniting all tracheophytes (but they may have evolved more than once). Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Reliable evidence for the fibre cells' evolutionary origin from tracheids exists. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Secondary evolution can also disguise the true evolutionary origin of some leaves. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Over an even longer period, encompassing the evolutionary past of our hominid ancestors, gifts have grappled communities together with ties of reciprocity. Times, Sunday Times In fact, startling similarities between our eyes and the mantis shrimp's betray our common evolutionary past. The Sun If they're a glimpse of our evolutionary past, it's from late yesterday evening. Times, Sunday Times How can we best persuade our brains to forget their evolutionary past? Times, Sunday Times Sourness and carbonation, on the other hand, are acquired tastes, probably suggesting the consumption of certain overripe foodstuffs in our evolutionary past. The Times Literary Supplement It appears to evolve with life itself, and has fought through heroically every step of the evolutionary path. Times, Sunday Times Together, the two species represent an alternate evolutionary path for airborne dinosaurs. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Or did each species follow its own evolutionary path? Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Many endangered birds have been on a lonely evolutionary path for millions of years. Times, Sunday Times Most ibises are wading birds but these have taken a different evolutionary path and catch their prey by striding the desert floor. Times, Sunday Times As scientists further untangle the evolutionary pathways of ancient humans, teeth will likely continue to play a critical role. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Particular evolutionary pathways seem to have been chosen more often than others. The Times Literary Supplement This evidence, in combination with morphological differences among the discs suggests convergent evolutionary pathways. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Evolutionary pathways are constrained by both opportunity and possibility. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 In summary, ancestral reconstruction allows for the study of evolutionary pathways, adaptive selection, and functional divergence of the evolutionary past. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 It stands to reason, from an evolutionary perspective. Times, Sunday Times From an evolutionary perspective, shopping behaviour can be related to the hunter-gatherer concept. Times, Sunday Times We do have a natural tendency to like sweet things because, from an evolutionary perspective, sweet foods tended to be safer than bitter-tasting foods. The Sun The counterintuitive relationship makes sense from an evolutionary perspective. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 This fails to recognise that, from an evolutionary perspective, we are tribal beings. Times, Sunday Times Or for popular fields such as evolutionary psychology, which propose that the evolutionary principles of survival that shaped animals also shaped human brains, behaviour and perceptions. Times, Sunday Times The discovery of the physical representation of heredity came along with evolutionary principles and population genetics. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 He taught that taxonomy must be based on evolutionary principles. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Although typically taken at the micro-level, evolutionary principles, particularly adaptability, serve as a microcosm of human ecology. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 It aims not at the reduction of everything to particle physics, but rather mutual support among multiversal, computational, epistemological, and evolutionary principles. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 As an evolutionary psychologist, he has an idea about why this may be. Times, Sunday Times Together with the evolutionary psychologist, he discusses the primordial morality to be found among chimpanzees. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Evolutionary psychologists have a simple explanation for this behaviour. Times, Sunday Times It's a link that evolutionary psychologists pinned down some time ago in relation to musicians. Times, Sunday Times Evolutionary psychologists have argued that our responses to families and family structures are hard-wired. The Times Literary Supplement Evolutionary psychology shows that for tens of thousands of years we lived in villages of around 150 people. Times, Sunday Times The mindset of evolutionary psychology merely compounds this problem. Christianity Today My personal theory has to do with evolutionary psychology. Times, Sunday Times According to evolutionary psychology, our minds are prone to over-identify with celebrities because we evolved in small tribal groups. Times, Sunday Times According to evolutionary psychology, there are good reasons for jealousy. Times, Sunday Times For a start, it seems humanity's belief in symmetrical faces as a thing of beauty has an evolutionary purpose. Times, Sunday Times This 'information transmission' from old to young might help explain the evolutionary purpose of humans living into old age. Times, Sunday Times This emotion has an important evolutionary purpose. Times, Sunday Times In the evolutionary scale of things, this places blobs of oil slightly above continuity announcers, and not far behind insurance loss adjusters. Times, Sunday Times Oh, and he's a chimp, which puts him higher up the evolutionary scale than some rivals you'll see on the big screen. The Sun And don't think things improve if you move up the evolutionary scale and go for a koi carp. Times, Sunday Times Instead, they cited extrinsic, abiotic factors such as expansion as the driving factor on a large evolutionary scale. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 These factors often affect body size on an evolutionary scale, but conditions such as availability of food and habitat size can act much more quickly on a species. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 What palaeontologists were finding in the fossil record had wider implications for the biology of ancient life and for evolutionary science. Times, Sunday Times There are plenty of performers who are interested in jazz, philosophy, sci-fi, politics or evolutionary science. Times, Sunday Times But merely teaching evolutionary science wasn’t the point. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 In the chapter on being, he dismisses the objection to contemporary evolutionary science that goes by the name of 'intelligent design'. The Times Literary Supplement The exhibition consisted of eight sculptures of jellyfish, six paintings and a panelled piece, each alluding to theological symbolism and evolutionary science. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Evolutionary theorists struggle to say why humans, unique among animals, have a bony protuberance at the end of the jaw. Times, Sunday Times Their studies revealed high levels of heterozygosity relative to the predictions of most evolutionary theorists. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 In the 1960s, as evolutionary theorists explored the possibility of multiple units of selection, ecologists turned to evolutionary approaches. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The existence of altruistic behaviors has been a difficult problem for evolutionary theorists from the beginning. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Not surprisingly, the unresolved questions of evolutionary theory affect these applications. Christianity Today (2000) Could we help solve a central mystery of evolutionary theory? EXTINCTION: Evolution and the End of Man (2002) How has evolutionary theory gotten itself into such an impasse? The Runaway Brain: the Evolution of Human Uniqueness (1993) The findings are a significant addition to evolutionary theory. Times, Sunday Times (2009) Yet other academics are keen to see evolutionary theory challenged in university lecture halls. Times, Sunday Times (2006) Therefore, the evolutionary trajectory of the viral infection can not be predicted solely from the characteristics of the fittest sequence. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 This would have led to a somewhat different evolutionary trajectory for the vertebrate eye than for other animal eyes. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 While mammals don’t share the lifestyles of cavefish, these genetic losses may reveal the murky evolutionary trajectories that divergent species share. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Ecological fitting can contribute to 3 types of evolutionary transition. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 This evolutionary transition appears to have left its mark on tetrapod development. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The evolution of networks of cooperating genes ultimately led to the enclosure of separate hypercycles within protective membranes to form proto-cells, the second major evolutionary transition. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 In fact, as much as 90% of the genetic material can be lost when a species makes the evolutionary transition from a free-living to obligate intracellular lifestyle. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Trees are scored (evaluated) by using a simple algorithm to determine how many steps (evolutionary transitions) are required to explain the distribution of each character. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The researchers used genetic material from 34 species of bedbugs, collected over 15 years, to trace back the insect’s evolutionary tree. 2019 , 'Bedbugs Scurried the Earth Alongside the Dinosaurs 100 Million Years Ago', Smithsonian Initially called archaebacteria, now just archaea, these microorganisms formed a whole new, third branch of the evolutionary tree. Times, Sunday Times (2013) We do not know how to identify the various fossils with particular branches of the evolutionary tree. Infinite in All Directions (1989) Here we take a look through the microscope to see if they have progressed any further up the evolutionary tree. The Sun (2006) Here we take a look through the microscope to see how they are progressing up the evolutionary tree. The Sun (2006) In evolutionary terms they are so recent, they make our brains fizz and malfunction. Times,Sunday Times One attempt to explain altruism in evolutionary terms was via family links. Times, Sunday Times In evolutionary terms, noises were potentially a source of danger. Times, Sunday Times In evolutionary terms it could scarcely be more significant. Times, Sunday Times In evolutionary terms, low confidence protected our ancestors. Times, Sunday Times Translations: Chinese: 进化的 Japanese: 進化の |
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